Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us

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Hugh Norton
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1 Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us Part 1 What is Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper Known as? レオナルドダヴィンチの最後の晩餐はどんなものとして知られているのか? The Last Supper is one of/ the most famous religious subjects.// Jesus Christ is 最後の晩餐は ~ のうちの一つ / もっとも有名な宗教的な題材の // イエスキリストが having supper/ with twelve his followers.// He tells them that/ he will soon be killed.// 食事をしている / 12 人の使徒 // 彼は彼らに ~ と言う / 自分はすぐに殺されるだろう // He takes/ a loaf of bread/ and / a cup of wine, / and says,/ This is my body/ and/ this 彼は ~ をとる / パンを一つ / そして / ワインを一杯 / そして言う / それは私の肉体 / そして / これは is my blood.// They will be given/ for all of you. // 私の血だ // それらは与えられるだろう / あなたたち全員に // You have probably seen/ the paintings on page 77/ before.// It was painted/ by おそらく見たことがあるだろう / 77 ページの絵を / 以前に // それは描かれた / Leonardo Da Vinci.// He is well-known for/ works representing the Renaissance.// The レオナルドダヴィンチによって // 彼は ~ として知られている / ルネッサンスを代表する作品 // Last Supper is regarded as/ one of his few completed masterpiece.// It was damaged/ 最後の晩餐は ~ としてみなされている / 彼の数少ない未完の傑作の一つ // それは被害を受けた / in the bombing/ by the Allied Forces/ in 1943.// But/ miraculously,/ it still exists/ as 爆撃で / 連合軍の / 1943 年に // しかし / 奇跡的に / それはいまだに存在している / a wall painting/ in a monastery/ in Milan, Italy,/ though/ it has been repaired/ many 壁画として / ある修道院の / イタリアのミラノにある / ~ だけれども / 修理されてきた / times.// 何度も //

2 Lesson 5 What The Last Supper Tells Us Part 1 What is Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper Known as? The Last Supper is one of/ the most famous religious subjects.// Jesus Christ is having supper/ with twelve his followers.// He tells them that/ he will soon be killed.// He takes/ a loaf of bread/ and / a cup of wine, / and says,/ This is my body/ and/ this is my blood.// They will be given/ for all of you. // You have probably seen/ the paintings on page 77/ before.// It was painted/ by Leonardo Da Vinci.// He is well-known for/ works representing the Renaissance.// The Last Supper is regarded as/ one of his few completed masterpiece.// It was damaged/ in the bombing/ by the Allied Forces/ in 1943.// But/ miraculously,/ it still exists/ as a wall painting/ in a monastery/ in Milan, Italy,/ though/ it has been repaired/ many times.//

3 Part 2 What aspect of the paintings of The Last Supper / did 最後の晩餐の絵の様子は何だったのか? the Warsink brothers focus on? ワンシンク兄弟が注目した Indeed,/ Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper is well-known.// But/ the fact is that/ 実際 / レオナルドダヴィンチの最後の晩餐は良く知られている // しかし / 事実 ~ だ / many other painters have also chosen/ this famous scene/ for their works.// In this 多くの他の画家たちもまた選んでいる / この有名な場面を / 自分たちの作品で // このようにして way,/ The Last Supper has been an important subject/ in art/ for centuries.// / 最後の晩餐は大事な題材だ / 芸術ににおいて / 数世紀にわたって // Many of the paintings called The Last Supper have three things/ in common.// First,/ 最後の晩餐と呼ばれる絵画の多くには 3 つの事がある / 共通した // 第 1 に / they have been drawn/ as wall paintings/ in churches/ for their subjects.// Second,/ それらは描かれている / 壁画として / 教会に / それらの題材として // 第 2 に / Jesus and his twelve followers are seated/ around a table.// Third,/ bread, wine, and イエスと 12 人の使徒は席についている / 一つのテーブルの周りに // 第 3 に / パンワインそして other foods are shown/ on the table.// その他の食べ物が見られる / テーブル上に // Recently,/ two scholars have done/ a unique study of these paintings.// They are Brian 最近 / 2 人の学者が ~ を行った / これらの絵画の面白い研究を // 彼らは Wansink, a professor of marketing at Cornell University,/ and/ his brother Craig コーネル大学でマーケティング学を教えている教授 / そして / 彼の兄弟で Wansink, a professor of religious studies/ at Virginia Wesleyan College.// Their studies ヴァージニアウェスレアン大学で宗教研究学を教えている教授のクレイグワンシンク // 彼らの研究は focused on/ the meal shown in those paintings.// ~ に注目した / これらの絵画に見られる食事 // What were the aim and the method of/ the brother s study?// The aim was to find/ その目的と方法は何だったのか?/ 兄弟の研究の // 目的は見つけることだった / the time/ when modern people began to overeat.// The method was to look at/ the 時期 / 現代人がいつ過食をし始めた // 方法は見ることだった / amounts of bread and other foods/ on the table/ and/ the size of the plates/ where パンやその他の食べ物の量 / テーブル上の / そして / 皿の大きさ / they were served.// それらが出されている

4 Part 2 What aspect of the paintings of The Last Supper / did the Warsink brothers focus on? Indeed,/ Leonardo Da Vinci s The Last Supper is well-known.// But/ the fact is that/ many other painters have also chosen/ this famous scene/ for their works.// In this way,/ The Last Supper has been an important subject/ in art/ for centuries.// Many of the paintings called The Last Supper have three things/ in common.// First,/ they have been drawn/ as wall paintings/ in churches/ for their subjects.// Second,/ Jesus and his twelve followers are seated/ around a table.// Third,/ bread, wine, and other foods are shown/ on the table.// Recently,/ two scholars have done/ a unique study of these paintings.// They are Brian Wansink, a professor of marketing at Cornell University,/ and/ his brother Craig Wansink, a professor of religious studies/ at Virginia Wesleyan College.// Their studies focused on/ the meal shown in those paintings.// What were the aim and the method of/ the brother s study?// The aim was to find/ the time/ when modern people began to overeat.// The method was to look at/ the amounts of bread and other foods/ on the table/ and/ the size of the plates/ where they were served.//

5 Part 3 What observation did the Wansink brothers make/ as a ワンシンク兄弟はどんな観察をしたのか? result of/ their study? ~ の結果として / 彼らの研究で How could the Wansink brothers compare/ the amount and size?// It was important どのようにしてワンシンク兄弟は比べたのか?/ その量や大きさを // ~ したことは大事だ that/ they should have common standards/ for comparing them.// / 共通的な規格を持つべきだ / それらを比べるために // The amount and size were calculated/ by computer.// The brothers used/ the head その量や大きさは計算された / コンピューターで // 兄弟は ~ を使った / 人数を of people/ in the scene/ as a standard/ for comparison.// In this way,/ they analyzed/ / その場面の / 規格として / 比較するための // こうした方法で / 彼らは ~ を分析した / 52 paintings/ of what they call history s most famous dinner party / that were drawn/ 52 の絵を / いわゆる歴史上の最も有名な夕食パーティーを / ~ に描かれた / the year 1000 and 2000.// 1000 年から 2000 年に As a result of the study,/ the brothers made/ the following observation:/ the amounts その研究の結果として / 兄弟は ~ をした / 以下の観察を / 絵の食事量は of food in the paintings have/ gradually been increasing.// They saw the portions/ in / 徐々に多くなってきている // 彼らはその一部を見た / the main meal grow by about 69%,/ the bread by about 23%,/ and/ the plates by about 主食は約 69% 増大し / パンは約 23%/ そして / 皿は約 66% 66%/ in 1000 years.// / 1000 年後に // People may think that/ the growth of serving sizes is a recently phenomenon.// But/ 人は ~ と考えるかもしれない / 出されたものの大きさが多くなってきたのは最近の現象だ // しかし / this study shows that/ it has been a general tendency/ for at least the last millennium. この研究は ~ を表している / 一般的な傾向であること / 少なくとも過去 1000 年で

6 Part 3 What observation did the Wansink brothers make/ as a result of/ their study? How could the Wansink brothers compare/ the amount and size?// It was important that/ they should have common standards/ for comparing them.// The amount and size were calculated/ by computer.// The brothers used/ the head of people/ in the scene/ as a standard/ for comparison.// In this way,/ they analyzed/ 52 paintings/ of what they call history s most famous dinner party / that were drawn/ the year 1000 and 2000.// As a result of the study,/ the brothers made/ the following observation:/ the amounts of food in the paintings have/ gradually been increasing.// They saw the portions/ in the main meal grow by about 69%,/ the bread by about 23%,/ and/ the plates by about 66%/ in 1000 years.// People may think that/ the growth of serving sizes is a recently phenomenon.// But/ this study shows that/ it has been a general tendency/ for at least the last millennium.

7 Part 4 What do the Wansink brothers say/ about the increasing ワンシンク兄弟はどう言っているのか?/ 増えていく~について portions of food and size of plates.// お皿の食べ物や大きさの量 // In Leonard da Vinci s The Last Supper, / you can see that/ pieces of bread on the レオナルドダヴィンチの最後の晩餐で / ~ ということが分かる / お皿の上のパンが ~ だ table are/ smaller than people s hands.// But/ portion sizes were already increasing/ / 人々の手より小さい // しかし / 量はすでに増えてきていた / when he completed the painting/ in 1498.// 彼が絵を完成させたとき / 1498 年に // About a century later,/ Jacopo Tintoretto piled/ the food on the plates/ much higher 約 1 世紀後 / ヤコポティントレットは ~ を積み重ねた / お皿の上の食べ物を / はるかに高く in his paintings.// The pieces of bread and the plates had become/ far larger than/ 彼の絵の中で // パンやお皿は ~ になった / ~ よりはるかに大きく / those in Leonard da Vinci s paintings.// Ever since then,/ more and more food has been レオナルドダヴィンチの絵のもの // それ以来 / ますます多くの食べ物が served/ to Jesus and his followers/ in paintings.// 提供されてきた / イエスとその使徒たちに / 絵の中で // The Wansinks suggest that/ this is a natural result of/ the increasing supply and/ ワンシンク兄弟は ~ の考えを示した / これは ~ の自然な結果 / 提供されるものが増え / safety of food and/ its decreasing price/ over the millennium that/ started in the 食べ物が安全に / 値段が下がって来ている / ~ の 1000 年のあいだに / 紀元後 1000 年が始まって year 1000 A.D.// からの ~// According to their analysis,/ the increase in serving sizes is particularly remarkable/ 彼らの分析によると / 提供されている大きさが増えてくることは特に顕著である in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.// This may be a kind of warning/ about the social 1970 年代 1980 年代そして 1990 年代に // これは警告の一種になるかもしれない / 過食の社会問題について problem of overeating/ in advanced countries.// / 先進国での // If art reflects real life, then/ what will The Last Supper be like/ in the future?// もし芸術が実生活を反映するのなら / 最後の晩餐はどのようになっていくのだろう?/ 将来 // It will probably depend on/ how our eating habits change/ from now on.// おそらく ~ によるだろう / 私たちの食習慣がどのように変化するのか / これから //

8 Part 4 What do the Wansink brothers say/ about the increasing portions of/ food and size of plates.// In Leonard da Vinci s The Last Supper, / you can see that/ pieces of bread on the table are/ smaller than people s hands.// But/ portion sizes were already increasing/ when he completed the painting/ in 1498.// About a century later,/ Jacopo Tintoretto piled/ the food on the plates/ much higher in his paintings.// The pieces of bread and the plates had become/ far larger th an/ those in Leonard da Vinci s paintings.// Ever since then,/ more and more food has been served/ to Jesus and his followers/ in paintings.// The Wansinks suggest that/ this is a natural result of/ the increasing supply and/ safety of food and/ its decreasing price/ over the millennium that/ started in the year 1000 A.D.// According to their analysis,/ the increase in serving sizes is particularly remarkable/ in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.// This may be a kind of warning/ about the social problem of overeating/ in advanced countries.// If art reflects real life, then/ what will The Last Supper be like/ in the future?// It will probably depend on/ how our eating habits change/ from now on.//

Intermediate Conversation Material #10

Intermediate Conversation Material #10 OUR AGENDA FOR TODAY At work Exercise 1: Picture Conversation A. Read the dialogue below. 次の会話を読んでみましょう Ms. Jefferson, what s our agenda for today s meeting? Our