MOBIUS Supersynchronous Earth Orbits for Lunar Missions (An Evolutionary Strategy for Lunar Tourism)
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1 MOBIUS Supersynchronous Earth Orbits for Lunar Missions (An Evolutionary Strategy for Lunar Tourism) Madhu Thangavelu ASTE Department, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California AIAA Space Conference, Long Beach CA, /15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 1
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3 Since unit elective modeled after Architecture Design Studio Focus on Concept Creation Rapid Complex Ideation Architecture + Engineering tools No time for engineering optimization rigor Concepts help planners make choices-may or may not work, expands breadth of investigation
4 Borrow from other professions that deal with complex wicked problems Solve using out of bounds approach Associative Logic Connections Case Studies Lectures from creative professionals Iterative process till you get it right! Sandbox for creativity Writer s Workshop
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6 NASA SP509 Puttkamer, Burke, Roberts 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 6
7 ISS Future End of mission 2024 NASA Plan Deorbit ISS Consortium Send to Moon Some Alternatives Bring more partners into program Turn over to private sector Historical Artifact -Park in high orbit Disassemble and bring back to Earth 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 7
8 Evolution of ISS as Spacecraft Integration Platform Original purpose Repurpose -Gerstenmaier Commercial Use Large Spacecraft assembly - MALEO ISU 1988 USC Space Concept studies Evolution of ISS 1&2 International Space Transit Vehicle Cosmic Mariner 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 8
9 Michael Barrucco ASTE527 9
10 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 10
11 Michael Barrucco ASTE527 11
12 MALEO : MODULE ASSEMBLY IN LOW EARTH ORBIT A strategy to build and commission a lunar surface habitat complex by integrating several modules in LEO using the ISS and her crew, and ship it to the lunar surface using custom propulsion systems, thereby avoiding the infrastructure otherwise needed to construct one piece by piece, and eliminating the clingy dust nuisance that hampers lunar surface activity. First proposed at the inaugural summer session of the International Space University at MIT in 1988 First presented and published at the 1988 IAC in Bangalore, India Several subsequent publications including USC 1988, IAC Dresden1990, ASCE 1992, JBIS 1993
![MALEO - SALIENT FEATURES Payload Summary [MT] Habitat Module = 15 Lab Module = 15 Power/Logistics = 15 ECLSS Node = 5 Sanitation/Hygiene = 5 Airlock/EVA = 10](/docs-images/75/71521824/images/13-1.jpg "Truss/Landing gear = 10 100kWSolar Arrays/Comm = 5 Unpress.")
13 MALEO - SALIENT FEATURES Payload Summary [MT] Habitat Module = 15 Lab Module = 15 Power/Logistics = 15 ECLSS Node = 5 Sanitation/Hygiene = 5 Airlock/EVA = 10 Truss/Landing gear = kWSolar Arrays/Comm = 5 Unpress.Electric Rover X2 = 10 Attitude Control Pallet X3 = 6 Touchdown Mass ~100MT + lander propulsion stack Sanitation/Hygiene
14 MALEO Assembly with ISS Crew Note Spacex Dragon
15 MALEO Lunar Deorbit & Landing
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17 Michael Barrucco ASTE527 To the Sun 2. Dock with ISS during sunrise 1. Launch from Wallops (US), Baikonur launch (Russia), Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (China) LOI~700 m/s 3. Coast for 2-3 days until next TLI opportunity 6. Coast for ~ 7 day View Starfields, and Heritage Sites 5. Trajectory correction ~80 m/s 4. TLI-3107 m/s 17
18 TEI Day 11 Moon re-aligned with ISS Orbital Plane LOI Day 4 Moon aligned with ISS orbit plane Moon Michael at EOI Barrucco ASTE527 ISS Nodal Regression 5 o per day z TLI from ISS 2 nd Cycle 2 Cis-Lunar Cruise 18
19 International Space Transit Vehicle Roukos/Thangavelu /15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 19
20 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 20
21 AIAA SPACE 2012 September 13, 2012 Perry Edmundson Evolution of the Space Cruise Ship Cosmic Mariner Edmundson, P. & Thangavelu, M.
22 Main Elements
23 Future Evolution Expansion to accommodate 50 passengers for travel in cislunar space by 2030
24 Future Evolution Expansion to accommodate 100 passengers for interplanetary travel by 2050
25 Follow-on Missions Support of Space-Based Solar Power Satellite Construction
26 Follow-on Missions Exploration of Near-Earth Asteroids
27 Cislunar Orbits Free Return Halo Lagrange Weak Stability Boundary Backflip Frozen Orbits Resonant Orbits Cycler 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 27
28 Apollo Free Return Trajectory 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 28
29 Apollo 13 Free Return Timeline 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 29
30 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 30
31 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 31
32 Supersynchronous Earth Orbit Beyond GSO High Eccentricity Resonant Period Design Cycler 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 32
33 MOBIUS An Evolutionary Strategy for Lunar Tourism Mehdi Lali, Madhu Thangavelu ASTE Department, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California AIAA Space Conference, Long Beach CA, /15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 33
34 Mission Elements Quartet of Resonant Supersynchronous Orbits Starting point 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 34
35 MOBIUS Rationale Space Activity as opposed to Space Exploration Self-Sustainable Space Architecture Revenues from Missions used to fulfill Objective Use ISS beyond Retirement 2024 Incremental Approach Phase 1 - lunar approach Phase 2 - lunar orbit Phase 3 - lunar landing 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 35
36 Cislunar Transit Orbit (CTO) Mission Elements 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 36
37 Mission Elements - Earth-Moon Supersynchronous Orbit Cislunar Transit Orbit (CTO) 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 37
38 Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 38
39 Concept Perigee Rendezvous 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 39
40 Concept Apogee Rendezvous 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 40
41 The main elements of the proposed mission design architecture are as follows: International Space Station (ISS) Cislunar Orbital Vehicle (COV) Tourist Docking Capsule (TDC) Cislunar Propulsion System (CPS) Lunar Transit Lounge (LTL) Lander Mission Elements Lunar surface facilities 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 41
42 MOBIUS Mission Elements Orion /Dragon/New Glenn Upper Stage Lunar Transit Lounge Commercial ISS Lunar Lander 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 42
43 Earth-Moon Transfer Orbit Habitat COV exterior design Show detailed graphic of vehicle exterior here Highlight features 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 43
44 Bigelow BA330 Reference 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 44
45 Mission Elements COV interior cutaway 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 45
46 Capsule departs from the ISS Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 46
47 Capsule departs from the ISS Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 47
48 Capsule departs from the ISS Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 48
49 Concept Capsule is about to dock with COV 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 49
50 Capsule is docked with COV Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 50
51 Concept Ready for Cislunar Injection (CLI) 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 51
52 On its way Concept 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 52
53 Transferring passengers to LTL Concept Apogee Rendezvous 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 53
54 Concept Apogee Rendezvous Lunar Transit Lounge (LTL) 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 54
55 Optimal Affordable Feasible with current technologies Viable Merits & Limitations Free Return Trajectory- If there is an injection anomaly, the vehicle stack will return to Earth orbit without help for abort. 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 55
56 Merits & Limitations Evolutionary, phased approach-maximize revenue operating budget. Requires a little station-keeping due to RAAN precession over time. Plane change at perigee can be costly unless ISS inclination is changed after retirement to be aligned with that of the Moon. Earth s Van Allen Belt could be challenging so proper shielding is essential. 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 56
57 Questions, Comments? 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 57
58 Evolution - From Here to There Before
59 Acknowledgement This concept was developed by Mehdi Lali, graduate student in the ASTE527 Graduate Space Architecting Studio (aka Space Concepts Creation Studio) in Department of Astronautical Engineering within the Viterbi School of Engineering at USC. Studio slides may be accessed at : Look under team project LunaRevolution 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 59
60 References Aldrin, Thangavelu et al., (2001) Evolutionary_Space_Transportation_Plan_for_Mars_Cycling_Concepts.pdf Barrucco, M.,(2010)Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing, Future of Human Spaceflight, A Lunar Cruise, Space Concepts Studio Final Presentation, USC ASTE 527. Bate, R, Mueller, D, White, J, (1971) Fundamentals of Astrodynamics, Dover publications, Inc. Belbruno, E., Carrico, J.,(2000) Calculation of weak stability boundary ballistic lunar transfer trajectories Read More: Chobotov, V.A.,(2002) Editor, Orbital Mechanics, (AIAA Education) 3rd Edition, ISBN-13: CLIA(2015) Cruise Line International Association 2014 North American Cruise Market Profile, Cohen, M.,(2008) Testing the Celentano Curve:An Empirical Survey of Predictions for Human Spacecraft Pressurized Volume, SAE Technical Paper Series, , Cornelisse, J.W, Rocket propulsion and spaceflight dynamics,(1979) ISBN 13: Pitman Pub. Craig, D.(2016) An Overview of NASA s Evolvable Mars Campaign, FISO talk, Cruzan, J.,(2016) Evolvable Mars Campaign and Technology Development, Director, Advanced Exploration Systems Human Exploration & Operations Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters, Dorfman, S.(2013) AsiaSat-3 Rescue: The Real Story Part 1 Dorfman, S.(2013) AsiaSat-3 Rescue: The Real Story Part 2 Edmundson, P., and Thangavelu, M.,(2012), Cosmic Mariner, AIAA Space 2012, Long Beach CA Gerstenmaier, W.,(2016) Statement by: NASA at a Crossroads: Reasserting American Leadership in Space Exploration, Statement of William H. Gerstenmaier Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations National Aeronautics and Space Administration before the Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation United States Senate. 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 60
61 Lali, M. and Thangavelu, M,(2016) MOBIUS:An Evolutionary Strategy for Lunar Tourism, AIAA Space 2016, Long Beach, CA Leib, Ely and Leib Erica(2005) Stable Constellations of Frozen Elliptical Inclined Lunar Orbits, Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, vol. 53, No. 3, July-Sept 2005, pp Lieb, E&E.,(2005)Constellations of Elliptical Inclined Lunar Orbits Providing Polar and Global Coverage Paper AAS , AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, August 7-11, Marburger III, J.,(2006) Keynote Address, 44th Robert H. Goddard Memorial Symposium, Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, The White House. Mendell, W.,(1985) Ed. Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1985 NASA SP NASA SP-509(1992) Scenarios Space Resources, McKay, McKay and Duke eds., Nock, Kerry.,(2002)Express Transportation Architecture For Human Mars Exploration OST Inc., Rechtin, E.(1990) Systems Architecting: Creating & Building Complex Systems, Creating-Building-Complex/dp/ , Prentice Hall, Roukos, D., and Thangavelu, M.,(2010) The International Space Transit Vehicle, AIAA Space 2010, Long Beach, CA Schrunk, Sharpe, Cooper, Thangavelu(2007) The Moon: Resources, Future Development and Settlement, Ridenoure, R.,(2013) Beyond GEO, commercially: 15 years and counting, The Space Review, Salvatore, J.,(2013) The Chief Technologist s view of the HGS-1 mission, The Space Review Aircraft Co. Thangavelu, M.,(1990) MALEO: Modular Assembly in Low Earth Orbit A Strategy for and IOC Lunar Base, Thangavelu, M., etal., (2012) Architectural Concepts Employing Co-Robot Strategy and Contour Crafting Technologies for Lunar Settlement Infrastructure Development, AIAA Space 2012 Conference, Pasadena, CA., Uphoff, C., Crouch M.A., (1991) Lunar Cycler Orbits with Alternating Semi-Monthly Transfer Windows, Wertz, J. R., (1999) Editor, Space Mission Analysis and Design, Microcosm Press, CA, 1999 Zuber, M. et al MIT's GRAIL Homepage, 11/15/2016 Madhu Thangavelu FISO Seminar 61
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