THE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS IN THE LITTLE PRINCE; A NOVEL BY ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY

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1 THE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS IN THE LITTLE PRINCE; A NOVEL BY ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY JOURNAL By: WAHYU SETIAWATI NIM: E1D ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM LANGUAGE AND ART DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM 2016

2 RATIFICATION This Article Entitled THE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS IN THE LITTLE PRINCE; A NOVEL BY ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY written by Wahyu Setiawati has been approved on September By: Supervisor I,

3 THE ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS IN THE LITTLE PRINCE; A NOVEL BY ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY Wahyu Setiawati, Baharuddin, Mh Isnaeni. English Education Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Mataram Mataram, Indonesia wahyusetiawati@ymail.com ABSTRACT This thesis entitled The Analysis of Intrinsic Elements in The Little Prince; A Novel by Antoine De Saint Exupery. This research is aimed at analyzing and finding out the intrinsic elements in novel The Little Prince. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method. The primary data of this research are taken from the novel. Meanwhile, the secondary data are taken from various sources such as internet sites, dictionaries, journals, and books that are related to the primary data that would support the data. After analyzing the data of this study, the researcher found the intrinsic elements of the novel. These intrinsic elements are classified into several elements; theme, plot, character, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, atmosphere, and style. In addition, the researcher also found the way those intrinsic elements are inter-related to one another. Key words: Intrinsic Elements, Novel, Analysis, Literature.

4 ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DALAM NOVEL KARYA ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY; THE LITTLE PRINCE Wahyu Setiawati, Baharuddin, Mh Isnaeni. Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Mataram Mataram, Indonesia ABSTRAK Jurnal ini berjudul Analisis unsur intrinsic dalam novel karya Antoine De Saint Exupery, The Little Prince. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menemukan unsur intrinsic dalam novel yang berjudul The Little Prince. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode descriptive qualitative. Data utama dalam pelitian ini bersumber dari novel The Little Prince. Sedangkan data sekunder dalam penelitian ini berasal dari berbagai sumber yaitu beberapa laman internet, kamus, jurnal, dan buku-buku yang terkait dengan data utama. Setelah melakukan analisis terhadap data dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan unsur intrinsik dari novel tersebut. Unsur intrinsik ini diklasifikasikan kedalam beberapa kategori antara lain ; tema, alur, karakter, penokohan, latar, sudut pandang, nada, atmosfir, dan gaya bahasa. Peneliti juga menemukan bagaimana unsur-unsur tersebut saling terkait satu sama lain. Kata kunci: Unsur intrinsic, Novel, Sastra.

5 A. INTRODUCTION Background of Study Literature is one of the objects of analysis for academic purposes. Literature is also an art which is the imagination of the writer or interpreting the life experience. Literature is often classified into three categories or genre: (1) poetry, (2) prose, (3) drama. Novel is a part of literature which is categorized into prose fiction. Watson (1979) stated that Novel is the name of a literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its substance has widened and its conventions changed. There are two main elements of a Novel, intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements of a novel are the elements which directly build the literary work itself. The intrinsic elements of a novel are theme, character, characterization, plot, point of view, style, atmosphere, tone and settings. The extrinsic elements of a novel are the elements which exist outside the novel itself and indirectly build the story. The Little Prince is a best seller novel. According to the novel was published in It has been translated into more than 190 languages and sold more than 200 million copies. Based on the summary and explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing the intrinsic elements of the novel. The writer thinks that it is necessary to observe the intrinsic elements that are presented in the novel. Therefore, this is the reason why the writer is interested in analyzing the intrinsic elements of the novel entitled Little Prince. B. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Novel as Literary Work The word novel is derived from a Latin word; novellus which means new. It is said so because novel is the newest kind of literary work beside poetry, drama, etc. Watt in The Rise of the Novel (2001:35) suggests that the novel came into being in the early 18 th century; the genre has also been described as possessing "a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years". Novel is a prose fiction representing a way of life or an experience. They range from slight recollections of a small part of live an experience to the most complete and detailed accounts imaginable they vary from the lightest to the most serious experiences and events faced by man. Hawthorn (2001:102) states that Novel is fictions prose narrative or table of considerable length (now usually long enough to fill one or more volumes) in which

6 characters and actions representative of the real life of past or present time are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity. From explanation the above, it can be concluded that novel is a fictional prose which tells about human and other creature experiences, feelings, and thought in a complex story. It does not bound by a specific reference in terms of quantity of writing. It has some element which is intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The Intrinsic Elements of a Novel Novel is an artistic composition. It is built by some elements which are interrelated each other. Those elements are often divided into two divisions, which are the extrinsic elements and intrinsic elements. Extrinsic elements are the elements that come from out of the literary work and indirectly build the literary work itself. Extrinsic elements of the novel can be the elements of psychological, politic, history, economic, and culture. Intrinsic elements are the whole elements which build the structure of the novel itself. The intrinsic elements are the analysis of the literature itself without looking the relation with the external aspect (Robert, 1965: 11). Nurgiyantoro (2009:23) classified the intrinsic elements of a novel into plot, character, theme, setting, point of view, language or style, and etc. Based on the explanation above, the writer is only focusing on analyzing the intrinsic elements which are presented in the novel entitled The Little Prince. Those intrinsic elements are theme, plot, character, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, atmosphere, and style. C. RESEARCH METHODS Research Methods In this study, the writer used descriptive qualitative method. By using this method writer is describing the quality of each analysis object. The object was not be measured by statistic method because the object of this study is not the number of people or individual but literary work. Therefore this method is appropriate to this research because the writer is able to find out, identify and explain issues in the novel. Method of Data Collection Primary data of this study are taken from a novel by Antoine De Saint Exupery entitled The Little Prince. In this research the writer obtained the data which are found in the

7 novel. The writer collected the data which describe the intrinsic elements of the novel, and then the data are analyzed. The secondary data are taken from various internet sites, dictionaries, journals, and books that are related to the primary data that would support the data. Below are some procedures of collecting the data, they are: 1. Reading the whole script of the novel Little Prince 2. Choosing the data that have relation to the intrinsic elements. 3. Quoting the data. 4. Bringing together the data by typing them into one file. Data Analysis In answering the research questions, the researcher evaluated the obtained data by using textual-analytic technique. Textual-analytic technique is the way of making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified intrinsic elements of the novel. There are six steps in analyzing the data. They are: 1. Reading the quotations that have been collected before. 2. Identifying the intrinsic elements. 3. Classifying the intrinsic elements of the novel. 4. Explaining the intrinsic elements of the novel based on the quotations. 5. Describing the inter-relation between the intrinsic elements. 6. Drawing the conclusion based on the research result. D. FINDINGS AND DISSCUSSIONS This chapter presents the results of analysis which are related to statement of problems in the previous chapter, the intrinsic elements of the novel entitled The Little Prince, and the interrelation between those elements. Findings After the writer read and analyzed the novel. The writer found the intrinsic elements of this novel such as theme, plot, characters, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, atmosphere, and style. The writer also found the way the intrinsic elements of The Little Prince are interrelated.

8 Discussions This section discusses the finding of the study. The intrinsic elements of the novel are theme, plot, character, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, atmosphere, and style. THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE LITTLE PRINCE Theme Theme can only be defined when the reader read the whole novel. Theme of this novel is divided into two, major theme and minor theme. Major Theme Truth is the major theme of the novel. The truth here means what is real. In The Little Prince, the author highlights the important of the truth of anything in life that only can be found with heart and mind. The essence of invisible things or the truth cannot be seen only by the eyes. It is hidden within the shell. The author considers that the visible things are only the shell, and the essential values are hidden inside. He claims that grown-ups never understand this matter of consequence. In almost all of the passages of the novel, the author mention about several adults who cannot see the truth in their life. These adults are the king, the businessman, the geographer, the conceited man, the tippler, the merchant, and the other grown-ups that he encounters in his life. Minor theme Minor themes in The Little Prince are the obsession of man in wrong things, the need to have faith, and the uniqueness of love. Plot Plot is the series of events in a story. In the little prince, the author begins the story with his reason why he dislikes adults. He next tells about his encounter and experience with the little prince. The little prince shares the story about his journey to the narrator and teaches him about the lesson he got from the fox. The little prince then leaves the narrator to his planet. Finally the narrator misses him and writes the novel in the memory of the little prince. The analysis of the plot of this novel leads to the division of five elements of plot; they are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. The Type of Plot Used in The Little Prince The type of plot used in The little Prince is Regressive plot (Flashback). Flashback is a type of plot in which the author narrates an event that took place before the current time of

9 the story. The plot is flashback when the narrator started his story by telling his past when he was a pilot and got a flight accident in Sahara Desert. The story started in the present time, then it flashback to the six years before the time the narrator told the story. Then several flashbacks are happened again when the little prince recalled his experiences in visiting the other planets and the earth. The Plot Structure of The Little Prince Exposition Exposition is the part when the writer first introduces the characters or the setting of the story. The exposition of the story in the novel is in the first chapter. In the first chapter the author begins to tell the reader a little about the narrator child-hood and his dislike of grownups or adults. The author in this part is introducing his views of grown-ups. During his life he narrates that he had meets many adults and live among them. His experience with adults does not change his opinion about them. He still sees them as persons who are barely understand anything. This was the exposition or the introduction that the author uses as a starting point to deliver his story. The author is introducing the situation of the story. Rising Action Rising action is concerned with the series of events that build up and create tension and suspense. The tension is a result of the basic conflict that exists and makes the story interesting. In the second chapter, the narrator got an accident with his plane in the Sahara desert. The narrator than realize that he meets a special little boy than come from another planet. It such a big mystery of how another planet looks like. The little prince told him that his planet was so small and scarcely larger than a house. Later, the narrator then believes that the planet from which the little prince comes from is the asteroid known as B-612. Climax The climax happens when the little prince tell the narrator that he is going to go back to his planet. The narrator is very shocked to see the little prince talking with the snake. He knows that this feetless creature is so dangerous. It can kill the little prince. Because of that he tries to get his gun to shot the snake. However, the snake realizes the narrator existence and then escape.

10 "What does this mean?" I demanded. "Why are you talking with snakes?" (26:13) "I, too, am going back home today..." (26:20) It is much farther It is much more difficult. (26:22) Still feeling shocked, he asks the little prince why he talks with the snake. The little prince then tells the narrator that he is going to go back to his planet. The only way he can go back is to be bitten by the snake, so the poison can carry his soul back to the planet he belongs. This event involves the greatest emotion of both characters. This is the climax of the novel. Falling Action Falling action is series of events which follows the climax. It is the part when the character reacted over the climax. It is mentioned before that the climax happens when the little prince tell the narrator that he is going to come back to his planet. Therefore the falling action of the novel is concern with the reaction of narrator about the climax. The narrator becomes so sad. It is difficult for him to let the little prince go. He knows that he will miss him so much. It is so hard for the narrator to accept the fact that the little prince is going to leave him. This is the falling action of the novel. Resolution / Denouement The resolution is the event which brings the story to close in certain manner. In this part the main conflict is being solved. In the novel, the resolution is the part when the narrator finally accepts the little prince decision and the little prince finally go back to his planet and his rose. Character Character is the participant that appears in a story. It is impossible for a story to be a story if there is no character that participated there. There are fifteen characters in the novel; they are The Little Prince, The Narrator, The Rose, The Fox, The Snake, The King, The Conceited Man, The Tippler, The Businessman, The Lamplighter, The Geographer, The Desert Flower, The Garden Roses, The Switchman, and The Merchant. These characters can be categorized into several types; they are Major and Minor, Flat and Round, and Protagonist and Antagonist. Major and Minor Characters Major Characters

11 The major or main characters are those that appear to be dominant in the story. There are two major characters in the novel, the little prince and the narrator. The story of the novel itself mostly talks about these characters life. In the novel there are two main stories. The first one is the story about the Narrator. The second one is the story about the little Prince and his journey. Minor Characters Minor characters are the characters in the story which is less prominent. However, although they are less prominent, they are as important as the major characters. In The Little Prince the minor characters are The Rose, The Fox, The Snake, The King, The Conceited Man, The Tippler, The Businessman, The Lamplighter, The Geographer, The Desert Flower, The Garden Roses, The Switchman, and The Merchant. Protagonist and Antagonist Characters Protagonist Characters A protagonist character is also known as the hero or heroine of the story. This character is often described as a good, stronger or better than most human beings. In the novel, there are three protagonist characters. They are the little prince, the narrator, and the fox. Antagonist Characters Antagonist characters are the opponent of protagonist characters. They are also known as antihero, not because they compete against the hero, but because they are not heroic in stature or perfection. In the novel there are some antagonist character; they are The Rose, The King, The Conceited man, The Tippler, The Businessman, The Geographer, and The Merchant. Flat and Round Characters Flat Characters Flat characters tend to stay the same throughout the story. They are often described as only having one outstanding trait or feature. The Flat characters in the story are The Rose, The Fox, The Snake, The King, The Conceited Man, The Tippler, The Businessman, The Lamplighter, The Geographer, The Desert Flower, The Garden Roses, The Switchman, and The Merchant. These characters only have one different feature. Round Characters

12 Round Characters are the characters which is complex and perhaps even contradictory, and often surprising. In the novel, the little prince and the narrator are the characters that can be categorize as round characters. Characterization Characterization is the way the author tells the reader about the personality or the characteristic of the character. There are two types of characterization, direct, and indirect method. In the novel, the author uses both of direct and indirect method of characterization. Setting Setting is concerned with the place and time of the story. Setting can be divided in two kinds, setting of time and place. Setting of Time The author does not mention clearly about the exact time when the story happens. However, in the novel, the narrator s profession is as an airplane pilot. The first plane was invented in 1903, therefore the setting of time of the novel must be in the same century or later than that years. Setting of place The Planets The little prince planet is called by the narrator as asteroid B-612. He then traveled from planets to planets. There are six planets that he has visited excluding earth. The planets are the neighborhood asteroids of little prince planet. They are asteroids 325,326,327,328,329, 330. The Earth The earth is the seventh place that he visited. When he landed on the earth, he arrived in Sahara Desert. He then wondered around the human habitat and met the other creature. After he learnt about love from the fox, he came back to the place where he landed in the desert. He went there because he wanted to meet the snake which can make him go back to his planet. On the way to the landed place, he met the narrator. At that time, the narrator plane crashed in Desert of Sahara. Point of View Point of view is the angle of visions of the story. By defining point of view of the novel, the reader can know from which side the story is being told. Therefore, she or he can understand the story better.

13 The point of view in novel the little prince is limited to the first person point of view. This can be clearly seen through the use of pronoun I in the novel. The narrator is the one who deliver the story to the reader. Tone Tone is the narrator or character s attitude towards the events, subject, or the other character in a story that can be shown by the choice of the words, direct comment or other literary devices. The tones used in the novel are serious. It is said so because the way of the narrator tells the story is serious. The narrator mentions about several facts and directly mention about what he means. Implicitly the serious style of the tone in the novel makes the readers get the feel of the novel. Another tone that is also found in the novel is critical. Critical tone is showed by the narrator s critics to the certain subject or aspect. In the novel the narrator criticizes the grown-ups behavior that is only interested in figure. Atmosphere Atmosphere or sometimes called mood is the emotion that pervades the work of fiction. It is the emotional feeling that one gets as one reads a particular work. The Little Prince has several atmospheres. The atmospheres of the novel are varied; they are pessimistic, desolate, barren, mysterious, exhausted, cheerful, frightening, and nostalgic. Style Style refers to the author characteristic which is shown in his or her works. Style of an author can be defined by analyzing the type of dictions that the author applied. It also can be seen through the sentence types that the author used. The Little Prince itself is originally written in French, and then it was translated to English by Katherine Woods. So the original style of the author might not show. However, it is still possible to identify the style by only analyzing of the translated version. Language Use The novel uses the language which is easy to be understood. It also uses simple language which make the novel can be read by both children and adults. From some narratives in the novel, the writer also uses romantic and poetic language.

14 The Use of Figurative language and Symbol The novel contains figurative language inside it. Figurative language is used to add the aesthetic of the novel. The novel uses simile and personification. The novel also contains symbol inside it. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. The novel uses the symbol of the stars, and the desert. The stars in the novel symbolize the loneliness of the narrator s life. In the end of the story the narrator states that then likes to stare at stars at night. The desert in the novel symbolizes the narrator s mind. The narrator is disheartened by the grown-ups. His mind was as barren as the desert because he lives among the grown-ups who are only interested in figures. He finally meets someone that truly understands him, unlike the grown-up. THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN EACH INTRINSIC ELEMENTS Plot, Character, and Setting Plot, character, and setting are three elements which are closely related to one another. The plot of the novel is determined by the characters and the setting of the story. It is impossible for the author to create plot without the existence of the characters which act or participate in the story, because plot greatly concerned with character. The same fact is also happens for the setting, the plot is always needs the setting of the story, whether the setting of time or place. Since plot is a series of events in the story, it will be always questioned by the readers about who is acting in that event, and where or when the event is happening. In The Little prince, every elements of plot always involved with the character and the setting. The major character who is the narrator and the little prince always involved in every plot structure. Beside that mostly the setting of the plot is in the Sahara Desert. Therefore these elements cannot be separated. Theme and other elements Theme is usually defined as the central idea, the thesis, or even the message of the story. The theme of the story is often summarized by the action of the character. Theme is always related to the character s life in the story. All other elements usually develop based on the theme. So theme is interrelated to other elements and cannot be separated from them. Character and Setting Character is the person or the creature that act in the story. Meanwhile setting is concerned with the time and the place of the story. Logically, to be completely exists; a

15 character needs a certain time and place to show his or her actions. The narrator had the accident in the desert. There the narrator experiences the all his togetherness with the little prince. The setting of the place which is in the desert makes the character of the narrator and the little prince experience the thirst and the journey. Thus, the elements cannot be separated. The discussions above show that these all elements are combined together to make the story understandable and unique. The story becomes unique because the themes, characters and the setting are rarely found in the other novel. These elements established such a strong story throughout the storyline. E. Conclusion And Suggestion Conclusion The result of analysis that the writer has conducted in chapter four shows the intrinsic elements of The Little Prince novel such as theme, plot, character, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, atmosphere, and style. The setting of places in the novel is in the Desert of Sahara and in the other planets. The novel use flashback type of plot. This plot is directed in order to lead the reader to understand the theme of the novel. The major theme of the novel is the importance of finding the beauty by looking at the whole truth. The major characters, the little prince, a little boy with golden hair which comes from the star, and the narrator, the aviator whose plane is crashed in the desert, finally understand that the essential things in life are often something invisible. The novel uses the first person point of view. The tone of the novel is serious, careful and critical. This tone is corresponds with the style used, and it affected the atmosphere which changes form pessimistic, desolate, mysterious, exhausted, cheerful, frightening, to nostalgic atmosphere. After found these elements, the writer is able to understand and get the messages of the novel. The novel is about the narrator who meets an extraordinary little boy who teaches him about the essential things in life. The author uses the methods of characterization that make the characters alive in the novel. As the characters play their own role in the flashback plot that the author use in certain setting, the reader can see the theme, the tone, and point of view of the novel. The combination of the setting and the style of the author makes the readers can feel the atmosphere of the novel. That is how all the intrinsic elements in the novel are interrelated to each other. The theme directs all other elements to elaborate each other and create the harmony so that the readers are able understand the novel. In conclusion, the intrinsic elements of the novel involved each other to ease the interpretation of the story.

16 Suggestion The writer suggest the other students who are going to do the analysis of intrinsic elements to read the novel that they want to analyze over and over again so they will grasp the novel better and it will ease them in doing the analysis. The writer also suggests the use of the novel entitled The Little Prince in language teaching and learning. The novel uses a simple language which is suitable for learners from all level. Besides that the novel also contains some illustration that makes it easier to comprehend the novel. Teacher may use this novel in the classroom with some considerations and adaptations. Finally the writer hopes that the results of this analysis will be beneficial for all people and especially for learners which are going to do the analysis of intrinsic elements. BIBLIOGRAPHY Afriani, Imro atul Husna An Analysis On Figurative Language In Michael Jackson s Song Lyric Heal The World. Jurnal Ilmiah PROGRESSIF, Vol.11 No.32 Agustus Amminuddin, Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sasta. Second Edition. Bandung: Sinar baru algensindo. Ardhiyanti, Dewi Pisca The Intrinsic Elements Of The House By Dina Oktaviani. Published Thesis. Jakarta: State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah. Beaty, Jerome, et al., The Norton Introduction to Literature, Shorter 8 th ed. New York: Norton Bennett, Andrew and Nicholas Royle An Introduction to Literature, Criticism, and Theory, 3 rd edition. Edinburgh: Pearson Longman. Forster, E. M Aspects of The Novel, 1 st electronic edition. New York: RosettaBooks, LLC Hallet Elements of Fiction. PDF Article retrieve on: 10.pdf. Hawthorn, Jeremi Studying The Novel, 4th ed. Arnold: Oxford University, Iwuchukwu, Onyeka Introduction to Prose Fiction. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria Kennedy, X.J Literature an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. London: Harper Collins Publisher.

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