METAPHOR IN CLIVE STAPLES LEWIS THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE

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1 METAPHOR IN CLIVE STAPLES LEWIS THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE Yansen; Endang Ernawati English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University Jl.Kebon Jeruk Raya no.27, Jakarta Barat ABSTRACT Article was aimed to prove the four characters, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy who became the protagonists of the novel; to find out the metaphor of the four characters;as well as to prove and found reasons that the four characters roles were equal in importance. The research used library research. The writer analyzed the elements of intrinsic of the novel, those were character, plot, and point of view, especially the character in details. Using metaphor theory, the writer compared the character analysis with the concept of four loves by Lewis. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the four children are the protagonists of the novel, the four children are the metaphor of four loves, and the children s roles have same level of importance because the four loves cannot stand alone, they contribute each other. (Y) Keyword: character analysis, metaphor, protagonist ABSTRAK Artikel bertujuan untuk membuktikan empat karakter, yaitu Peter, Susan, Edmund, dan Lucy adalah tokoh utama dari novel tersebut; menemukan metafor dari keempat karakter tersebut; dan membuktikan bahwa keempat karakter tersebut memiliki tingkat kepentingan yang sama dan ketergantungan yang tinggidalam peranan mereka di dalam novel dan juga alasannya. Artkel menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis intrinsik elemen dari novel, yaitu karakter, plot, dan sudut pandang, khususnya secara detil untuk empat karakter. Dengan menggunakan teori metafor, dibandingkan analisis karakter dengan konsep empat kasih dari Lewis. Disimpulkan, keempat anak tersebut adalah karakter utama dari novel tersebut, keempat anak tersebut merupakan metafor dari empat kasih, dan peran keempat anak tersebut memiliki tingkat kepentingan yang sama karena konsep empat kasih tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, satu sama lain saling memerlukan. (Y) Kata Kunci: analisis karakter, metafor, karakter utama 1

2 2 INTRODUCTION The topic of this thesis is metaphor of Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy in The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. The writer got interested of this topic is because of two reasons. The first reason is the writer got challenged by the topic because the writer never found any analysis about the topic. The second reason is the writer s interest for the novel. The novel s idea is like an idea in a Role-Playing Game that the writer likes to play. With these two reasons, the writer began to write this thesis titled Metaphor in Clive Staples Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. To define the model of research, the writer read preview of two previous researches concerning the analysis of the novel Narnia as follow. The first thesis by Enny (2007) entitled Structuralism of Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. The writer of this thesis wrote about element of sequence in the story and comparing the story with the Bible. This thesis was conducted with qualitative method. This research used Structuralism as the theory. The research analyzed the sequence that relate with the next sequence and give cause and effect with each other by giving prove. The research also analyzed the relationship between the novel and the Bible by comparing the characters in the novel with characters in the Bible. The result of this research is the novel s sequence effect the other sequence. First sequence effect the second, the second effect the third and so on. Another result is that the story of the novel has similarity with the Bible. The second thesis by Aryandi Simtari (2009) entitled The Analysis of the Biblical Symbol in Narnia: the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. The writer of this thesis wrote about symbol in the novel that similar to the Bible. This thesis was conducted with qualitative method. The research used Symbolism as the theory. The research analyzed the symbol in the novel and compared it with the Bible by reading the novel thoroughly, divide the plot, and use Symbolism as tool to find similarity with the Bible. The result of the research is the novel really has similarity with the Bible. The writer of the research also said that this similarity was made by the author to teach the Bible s idea to the people, especially children, so the reader of the novel can learn about Bible by reading the novel at the same time. The previous researches was more general topic, which is analyze about the plot and symbol in the novel while this thesis is more specific because the writer analyzed only four main character and their metaphors. Knowles and Moon (2006, p. 8) said that metaphor is one form of symbolism which also means that metaphor is more specific than symbolism because symbolism can be more than one while metaphor can only be one. Problem formulations of this thesis are: 1) How are the four characters (Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy) belong to protagonist?; 2) What is the metaphor of these four characters?; 3) How and why the four protagonists have the same level of importance in role? The scope of the research was the novel entitled The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, written by Staples Lewis. The limitation of this research was the four characters, they were Peter, Susan, Edmud, and Lucy. The goals of this thesis were: 1) To prove that the four characters (Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy) are the protagonist of the novel; 2) To find out the metaphor for the four characters; 3) To prove that the four protagonist s roles are equal in importance and to find out what are the reason for this placement of role.

3 3 RESEARCH METHOD This research was conducted by the writer by applying library research. The topics of this research are about the protagonists and metaphor of the protagonists. The media of this research is the novel The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Theories used in this research are elements of intrinsic, specifically about character, and the theory of metaphor. Concept that used in this research is the concept of four loves (storge, philia, eros, and agape) from a book titled The Four Loves written by C.S. Lewis. Data compilation was done by analyzing character and metaphor theory. Data analysis was showing evidence that the four children (Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy) are the protagonists of the novel. Another data analysis was about the metaphor of the four children by comparing two of Lewis books, The Four Loves and The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Expected result of this research was the statements that the protagonists of this novel are the four children and their roles as protagonists are equal are proven to be right and also the metaphor for the four children is the four loves. DISCUSSION The analysis was started by analyzing four main characters, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy. The character analysis was using theory of character from intrinsic element of literature and with help from plot and point of view which also included in the element. The results of this analysis are the children s traits, role, and conflicts. Peter is the oldest of the Pevensie siblings. From the beginning of the story until the end, Peter shows that he really loves all his siblings. He will do anything in order to protect them courageously. Also from the beginning of the story, Peter also shows that he is the father figure of the siblings. He is a boy with full of adventurous spirits. He is also has the quality of a leader. So to say, Peter is a boy who is full of adventurous spirits, skillful in leadership, courageous, father figure, and loves his siblings. All of these traits are developing as the story in this novel goes by and making Peter to become suitable as the High King of Narnia, King Peter the Magnificent. Peter really love to adventure, the proof is in the novel he likes to suggest to go exploring places. He also a good leader, he led the siblings to meet Aslan, he led the army in the war with the Witch, and he had a good quality for a leader, especially shown when he confronted a wolf to protect Susan and had a duel with the Witch, the leader of enemy s army. Like to adventure and has leader quality are also proves for his courage. His courage was especially shown also when he protected Susan from the wolf. Peter was afraid but he confronted his fear with courage. His father figure is also shown from him by become the leader and shown his father quality to the children. Peter s love for his siblings can be seen when he always protects his siblings and also when he can yell Edmund without hesitation. Another proof for his love to his siblings is when Edmund had gone missing and went to The Witch by himself. Even he was still mad with Edmund because of Lucy s case, he still suggested making a search party for him. It can be seen in the situation below. "All the same," said Peter in a rather choking sort of voice, "we'll still have to go and look for him. He is our brother after all, even if he is rather a little beast. And he's only a kid" (p. 29). Peter is a round and dynamic character. His dynamic trait is because of his improvement in all of his characteristics. As the story goes by, he became braver, more courageous, more in loving his family, more skillful in leadership, and also more of an adventurer. He is also a dynamic character because his change in appearance which is from a boy, grown up, and become a boy again.

4 4 The writer can say that Peter is one of the protagonist of this novel is because of his characterization. His characterization is characterization for hero in a story. Brave, has good leadership, loves his family member, likes to do adventures, and gallant are some characteristics for a hero or a protagonist. Like in a fairy tale of a young brave kid started in a journey and in the journey he got more and more experience to polish his skill and at last saved the world and became a king. Peter s main conflict which also is the general conflict of the children is to save Narnia by defeating the Witch. He also has a secondary conflict of his own as a protagonist, that is proofing himself as the oldest of the siblings, also leads and protects them at the same time by defeating the Witch. These conflicts are some conflicts that the story wanted to tell about. So this is also a proof that Peter is one of the protagonists of this novel. Susan is the second child of the siblings. If Peter is the father figure of the sibling, than Susan is the mother figure. She also has the trait of a mother which is always worrying about the sibling s wellbeing but also kind and caring to people who close to her. She also is beautiful, but it s only mentioned at the last chapter when the siblings have already grown up. So the writer can say that Susan is a girl who is a mother figure and beautiful. Her kindness and beauty make her fit to her title, Queen Susan the Gentle. Susan s mother figure is also shown a lot in novel. She likes to nag, she is worried a lot, she always suggests going home whenever the siblings almost confronted with danger, she also kind and care with people around her. In this novel, it is only mentioned one times that she is beautiful and it only at the end of the story when they already grows up. But if the reader read the novel thoroughly, the reader can see that the novel implicitly is telling that Susan is the beauty among the siblings. Her beauty is a lot mentioned in the other chronicles but it is not being analyzed in this thesis. This is the situation where her beauty was mentioned. And Susan grew into a tall and gracious woman with black hair that fell almost to her feet and the king of the counties beyond the sea began to send ambassadors asking for her hand in marriage. And she was called Susan the Gentle (p. 62). The above statement is a situation where the story tells the reader how the children became when they already grown up. The story tells the sibling s personality when they grown up, a great warrior, a great councilman, and a happy girl. But not Susan, the story only tells Susan s appearance when she was grown up, while the other were shown their personality. This showed that the story only wanted to emphasis how Susan became a beautiful girl implicitly. Susan is a round and dynamic character. Her traits are not changing a lot but her outer appearance is. While still kind, care, and worried a lot about her sibling, she also become more beautiful when she already grown up. She is also a dynamic character because she also has change in appearance, from a girl, grown up, and become a girl again. The writer can say that Susan is a protagonist because of her characteristic. Her characteristic is like a heroine in a fairy tale. Kind and beautiful is a characteristic of a heroine or protagonist in a fairy tale. Like in a fairy tale of a kind and beautiful girl who stumbled into an unknown world, met some new friends in the other world, and finally became a queen. Susan s main conflict, the same with other children, is saving Narnia by defeating the Witch. Her secondary conflict is to keep the safety of her siblings by defeating the Witch who wanted to kill them. She always suggests her siblings to go home when things got a bit bad, but because her siblings don t want it, she still sticks together with them and helps them defeat the Witch. These conflicts are also what the story wanted to tell the reader about, thus this is also proofing that Susan is one of the protagonists. Edmund is the third child of the siblings. At first he was a spoiled child, mean, liar, greedy, and gluttonous. But as the story goes by, he began to change. His first changing can be seen when he saw a family of squirrels was turned into stone by the Witch. Then when he met again with his siblings and went to war were the time he proofed his changing. At the end of the story, he becomes a boy who is good in judgment, kind, brave, and wise. He is becoming a fit to his title, King Edmund the Just.

5 5 Edmund s bad attitude can be seen a lot in the beginning of the story. He was mean to Lucy, he liked to grumble a lot, and he could lie to his sibling even to the Witch. But he started to change from the middle of the story when he met a family of squirrels with the Witch. From that point, he changed bit by bit and when he reunited with his siblings, he already changed completely. This change especially shown when Edmund confronted the Witch to break her wand. Edmund s glutton can be seen a lot in the novel especially when the siblings were planning to go meet Aslan to save Narnia. Edmund only thought about the cookies so he left by himself to Witch s Castle and betrayed his siblings because he only thought about the cookies, as can be seen in this line. You mustn't think that even now Edmund was quite so bad that he actually wanted his brother and sisters to be turned into stone. He did want Turkish Delight and to be a Prince (and later a King) and to pay Peter out for calling him a beast. (p. 31) Edmund is a round and dynamic character. His changing in personality is clearly can be seen as the story goes by. He changed from a spoiled mean liar greedy gluttonous brat to a kind brave wise man. His changing in appearance from a boy to grown up and become a boy again is also why he is a dynamic character. The writer can say that Edmund is one of the protagonists because of his characterization too. A spoiled brat who is changing into a brave, gallant, and wise man as the story goes by is also one characteristic for a hero in a story. This is like a fairy tale where a young spoiled child turns into a good, brave, and gallant hero because of some experience and then at last he can save the world and become a king. Edmund s general conflict is the same as the other children. The conflict is saving Narnia by defeating the Witch. His secondary conflict as a protagonist is change himself to become a better man and sibling by defeating the Witch. These conflicts also are the story wanted to tell about. With that, this is also a proof that Edmund is one of the protagonists of this novel. Lucy is the youngest child of the siblings. From the story, the writer can see clearly that Lucy is kind and forgiving. She always forgives people who has bad intention or mean to her when they asked for forgiveness from her. Besides that, she also brave. And so again, the writer can say that Lucy is a girl who is forgiving, kind, and brave. Her bravery can be seen a lot throughout the story and also make her fit to her title, Queen Lucy the Valiant. Lucy s bravery was shown first when she found the door to Narnia for the first time. She was brave enough to step into an unknown world by herself. Another proof for her bravery is when her siblings didn t believe her about Narnia. She still could stick to her decision by telling the truth and didn t want to lie that she only pretended to go to Narnia. Her bravery is also shown when she confront a lot of weird creature in Narnia. Even it is her first time in meeting the creature, she could hold nice conversation with them. Lucy s kind and forgiving traits are emphasized a lot in the novel. She forgave Mr. Tumnus who had a bad intention to her which is kidnapping her and gave her to the Witch. She also forgave Edmund even though he really mean to Lucy at the beginning of the story. These traits also supported by her doing by not holding grudge to them because Lucy wanted to save them from the Witch. She forgave Mr. Tumnus and Edmund in below situation. said the Faun, "and - c-can you ever forgive me for what meant to do?" "Why, of course I can," said Lucy, shaking him heartily by the hand. "And I do hope you won't get into dreadful trouble on my account" (p. 8). Edmund shook hands with each of the others and said to each of them in turn, "I'm sorry," and everyone said, "That's all right" (p. 48). Lucy, likes her sibling, is also a round and dynamic character. She doesn t have much change in trait like her sister, Susan. Her dynamic comes from changing in appearance, which is from a girl, grown

6 6 up, and at last become a girl again. Besides being kind and forgiving, the novel also says that Lucy always gay, always a merry girl, when she was grown up. The writer can say Lucy is one of the protagonists because of her characterization. Kind, forgiving, not holding a grudge to people who were mean to her is a characterization of a heroine in story. Beside a fairy tale of a girl stumbled into a different world like her sister, Susan, Lucy s tale also like a tale of a girl whose siblings always mean to her. In the end the girl become a queen but forgives her siblings and doesn t have any grudge with them. Lucy s general conflict, like with other children, is to save Narnia by defeating the Witch. Her secondary conflict is, at first, to save Mr. Tumnus but then it increases because she also wants to save Edmund too by defeating the Witch. The two people, Mr. Tumnus and Edmund, once have bad intention to her. Mr. Tumnus wanted to kidnap her and gave her to the Witch and Edmund was mean to her in the beginning of the story. These conflicts also what the story wants to tell about, so the writer can say that Lucy is also one of the protagonists in this story. Then the writer started the second analysis after the character analysis. With theory of metaphor, the writer compared the results of character analysis with the concept of four loves from a book titled The Four Loves which also written by Lewis. The result of the second analysis is there are a lot of resemblances between the children s traits and role with the concept. Then from that result, the writer can conclude that the four children (Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy) are a metaphor of four loves (storge, philia, eros, and agape). In the book, before defining his concept about four loves, Lewis at first gave two terms to the reader. First, gift-love is a love that arose because wanting to give. For example, love from parents who giving protection to their children. Second, need-love is a love that arose because of a need. For example, love from children to their parents because they need their parents protection. Affection, as Lewis also said, is love in family. His love to Edmund, one member of his family, is one main prove for this metaphor. He still loves Edmund with his faulty and does not expect much from him. Also, protecting Susan from wolf and ignoring his own safety are also proves for Peter s love to his family. Other prove to this metaphor is his love for Edmund revived around the middle of the story even though they were fighting a lot in the beginning of the story. Lewis said that affection revives quickly after quarrel, so this also can become prove. Lewis also said that in family we can say anything to other family member and forgiven. Peter also said a lot of harsh thing to Edmund but at the end it was forgotten and forgiven. A threat in affection is change that rose to jealousy, this also what Lewis said about affection. Edmund was also jealous with Peter because of his change in Narnia. Lewis also said that in showing affection, people will show gift-love but also still need need-love. The need-love in affection is that he/she is not needed anymore. This is also shown by Peter in novel, especially in protecting the siblings. Peter has traits that similar with storge, love in family or affection. He does not expect much and ignores faulty of his siblings. He can say anything to his siblings and will be forgiven with time even without saying sorry. He could fight with his siblings but will make up with a simple I m sorry. He experienced a threat of affection, change that can rose to jealousy. He also shown his gift-love by protecting his siblings and educate them too. With all of this, the writer can says that Peter in this novel is a metaphoric for one of the four loves which is Storge. In his book, Lewis said that friendship, in Christianity, is God s instrument for finding beauty between people. This can also depict Susan who is the beauty one among the children. By reading the novel, people can see that Susan is the beauty one in the siblings especially in the end of the story when the novel described how the children became when they were grown up. Another concept from Lewis said that friendship is insignificance for survival but what is important is the friendship matrix which is companionship. This is also depicted in the novel in Susan. She is not needed in the children s survival and she has the weakest role in the novel, but what important from her is that she is one of the children and still one of their companion.

7 7 Susan has similar traits as philia or friendship. She is the most insignificant character for the survival of the siblings. She is an important character because she is one of the siblings. She has the weakest role because beside her insignificant for survival there also because there is not any situation when Susan is by herself in the story. She is also the beauty one among the children. With all these, the writer can say that Susan is a metaphoric for one of the four loves which is philia. Eros, as Lewis said, has a close connection to sexuality. Lewis used a term sexual appetite in his book. The word appetite has close relation with the word eat. This can mean that eat can be a metaphor of sexual. Edmund is like to eat, this is can be one prove for his metaphor for eros. He also enchanted with Turkish Delight, a kind of food, which support more about his connection to eating. Lewis concept about eros is a love between couple, a male and a female. Edmund also got attracted to the Witch, Edmund, a male, was interested to the Witch, a female. This was shown when Edmund met the Witch for the first time. He saw that the Witch as a beautiful lady. She also blinded by the Witch enchanted Turkish Delight. Edmund knew that the Witch is bad but he ignore it and still went to the Witch just because of Turkish Delight. Lewis also said that if you eros too much it can become a demon, which also can be mean that sometime being-in-love can be blind. Edmund has a lot similarity as a situation of sexuality without eros. He met a woman, the Witch, and attracted to her. He was enchanted by Turkish Delight which means he metaphorically enchanted to sexuality. He only wanted the Turkish Delight, not the woman, The Witch, herself. He adored the Witch too much and blinded even though deep down he known that the Witch is bad. But as the reader can see, at the end of the story, Edmund became a good man. The novel stressed that Edmund became good in judgment, thus known as Edmund the Just. With this stressing, the writer can say that Lewis wanted people to know for being-in-love people also need good judgment. Thus with all these, the writer also can say that Edmund is a metaphoric for one of the four loves, which is eros. Lewis in his book also clearly stated that charity is forgives and kind which also are the main traits of Lucy. These traits can be seen clearly in the novel. This can become the main prove for Lucy who is a metaphor agape, one of the four love. Another proves for Lucy s metaphor is from Lewis concept about charity too. Lewis said that in giving perfect charity, people need to shown gift-love which similar with affection but the different is they don t need need-love. This is impossible to human because all human still need need-love. Thus, only God who can show this love perfectly. If in affection the reward for their gift-love is they don t need to be needed anymore, in the case of God s love, human cannot say that they don t need God anymore. This is also depicted in the novel with Lucy. Lucy only explicitly situated in giving gift-love but never explicitly situated in needing need-love. Lucy has a lot similarity with agape. She is kind. She is forgives. She doesn t hold grudge. She is never explicitly situated in a need-love situation but only situated in gift-love situation. With all this, especially because of her kind and forgives trait which also a trait for agape, the writer can say that Lucy is a metaphoric for one of the four loves which is agape. From the result of the second analysis, the writer also found three things that also can be found from comparing the children and the concept. First is the order of the children from the oldest to the youngest is the same with the sequence of chapter in the book that defining Lewis concept for four loves. Second is from Lewis concept that says that the four loves cannot stand alone and need each other. From this concept, the writer also can says that the children, which are the metaphor of four loves, also cannot stand alone which means that their role is the same in their level of importance even though their role are different. This statement is also supported from the pronoun that was used in the novel. The pronoun never used any prominence pronoun, for example, if in the novel, Peter s and his sibling, Susan s and her sibling, or anything that give someone is more prominence than the other. Instead, the novel used they, the children, or called them from the oldest for the pronoun. The third one is also from Lewis concept. Lewis (1971, p. 89) said that storge and eros are connected to nerves which also means that shared with brutes but not in case for philia and agape. People know that the word brute has connection with male gender. Lewis (1940, p. 38) even agreed with this. That is why in the novel, storge and eros are depicted in male characters while philia and agape are depicted in female characters.

8 8 The last thing is maybe can be a message from Lewis. This is from the children s title at the end of the story. Peter, metaphor of storge, was called Peter the Magnificent. Magnificent has a correlation meaning with important. This can mean that showing affection to someone make you an important person to the one you show affection. Susan, metaphor of philia, was called Susan the Gentle. Gentle has a correlation meaning with being nice and kind. This can mean that in showing friendship, the most fragile love, you need to be nice and kind to your friend because it can be broken easily. Edmund, metaphor of eros, was called Edmund the Just. Just has correlation meaning with good judgment. This can mean in being-in-love, love between man and woman, people need good judgment so they don t be blinded with their love. And lastly, Lucy, metaphor of agape, was called Lucy the Valiant. Valiant has a correlation meaning with brave. This can mean that even though that human cannot do perfect charity, they can do imperfect charity, but to do this, human need to be brave, bravery in sacrificing themselves. CONCLUSION In the novel The Chronicles of Narnia the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, there are four protagonists. The protagonists have one general conflict which the story wants to tell about. The conflict is to save Narnia by defeating the witch. But each person has another conflict that also the story wants to tell about. Peter, a boy who is brave, like to adventure, mature, skillful in leadership, and love his siblings, want to proof himself as the oldest sibling also lead and protect them at the same time by defeating the Witch. Susan, a girl who often worry a lot about the well-being of the siblings, kind, care to people who close to her, and also beautiful, want to keep the safety of the siblings by defeating the Witch who wanted to kill the siblings. Edmund, a boy who at first is spoiled, mean, a liar, greedy, and gluttonous but later become kind, brave, good in judgment and wise, want to change himself to become a better man and sibling by defeating the Witch. And finally, Lucy, a girl who is brave, kind, and forgiving, wants to save Mr. Tumnus and Edmund by defeating the Witch. All these conflicts are what the story wants to tell about and this become a proof for the four children are the protagonists of the novel. Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy are a metaphor of four loves, which are storge, philia, eros, and agape because the children, who are characters created by C.S. Lewis, have a lot of resemblances with the concept of four loves which are also written by C.S. Lewis. Peter is metaphor of storge because he does not expect much and ignores faulty of his siblings, he could say anything to his siblings and will be forgiven with time even without saying sorry, he could fight with his siblings but will make up with a simple I m sorry, he experienced a threat of affection change that can rose to jealousy and he also shown his gift-love by protecting his siblings and educate them too. Susan is metaphor of philia because she is the most insignificant character for the survival of the siblings, she is an important character because only she is one of the siblings, she has the weakest role because beside her insignificant for survival there also because there is not any situation when Susan is by herself in the story, and she is also the beauty one among the children. Edmund is metaphor of eros because he met a woman, the Witch, and got attracted to her, he was enchanted by Turkish Delight which means he metaphorically enchanted to sexuality, and he only wanted the Turkish Delight, not the woman, The Witch, herself which means he didn t want a particular woman but he wanted a woman. Lucy is metaphor of agape because she is kind, forgives, doesn t hold grudge, and also because she was never explicitly situated in a need-love situation but only situated in gift-love situation in the novel. The order of the siblings from the oldest to the youngest also similar with the chapter s sequence in the book, The Four Loves, which are Affection (Storge), Friendship (Philia), Eros, and Charity (Agape). With all above, the writer also concluded that the children also have the same importance in their role. The children s role maybe different with each other but their importance as a protagonist is the same. This is also because Lewis s concept for the four loves that the four loves cannot stand alone. That s why

9 9 there are four protagonists in this novel. That s why the four children became Kings and Queens, all of them and not just one. That s why the writer can say all the children have the same level of importance. Another proof for this statement is that in the novel there is not any pronoun that gives someone, between the children, more prominence than the other. The novel always uses pronoun that they are equal, like the children or calls them one by one from the oldest, Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. Another thing that can be concluded by the writer is that Lewis made the gender as male for the children who are the metaphor for storge and eros and made the gender as female for the children who are the metaphor for philia and agape were because of nerve connection. Connection to nerves, for Lewis, it means shared with brutes. The word brutes is usually connected to male. Storge and eros are connected to nerve, thus metaphor as male. Philia and agape aren t connected to nerve, thus metaphor as female.

10 10 REFERENCES Barry, P. (2009). Beginning Theory (3rd ed.). Manchester University Press. DiYanni, R. (2001). Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Edwards, B. L. (n.d.). Selected Scholarship on CSL. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from C. S. Lewis: A Modest Literary Biography and Bibliography: Enny. (2007). Structuralism of Chronicles of Narnia The Lion The Witch and The Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. S1 Thesis, Bina Nusantara University, English Department, Jakarta. Kennedy, X., & Gioia, D. (2005). Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (12th ed.). Pearson Longman. Knowles, M., & Moon, R. (2006). Introducing Metaphor. New York City, New York, USA: Routledge. Lewis, C. S. (1971). The Four Loves. Mariner Books. Lewis, C. S. (1940). The Proplem of Pain. Lewis, C. S., & Baynes, P. (2000). The Chronicles of Narnia The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe (Vol. II). Harper Trophy. Nelson, T. (2007). Narnia the Story Behind the Stories. (D. Sper, Ed.) Retrieved February 24, 2013, from Perrine, L. (1998). Perrine's Literature Sructure, Sound, and Sense (11th ed.). Christopher P. Klein. Simtari, A. (2009). The Analysis of The Biblical Symbols in Narnia : The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe. S1 Thesis, Bina Nusantara University, English Department, Jakarta.