Learning Target: I can analyze how an author s choices about how to structure text, order events and manipulate time create intended effects.

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1 Learning Target: I can analyze how an author s choices about how to structure text, order events and manipulate time create intended effects. Essential Question: How does the way the plot is presented affect the way the audience interprets the story? Question Notes

2 Plot Structure

3 Elements of Fiction: Plot Graph 4. Climax/ Crisis Rising Action 3. 3b. Exposition/ Background Conflict a. Complications Suspense Falling Action 5. Resolution/ Dénouement/ 6. Reversal

4 Plot: 1. Exposition Exposition is the introductory material, which creates the tone, give the setting, and introduces the characters. The purpose of exposition is to explain something.

5 Elements of Exposition: Setting The setting is the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social environment that frames the characters. Setting can be used to evoke a mood or atmosphere that will prepare the reader.

6 Elements of Exposition: Setting Sometimes, writers choose a particular setting because of traditional associations with that setting that are closely related to the action of a story. For example, stories filled with adventure or romance often take place in exotic locales.

7 Elements of Exposition: Setting place - geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place? time - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc) weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc? social conditions - What is the daily life of the character's like? Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)? mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?

8 Mood Mood is the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. In this usage, mood is similar to tone and atmosphere.

9 CLARIFICATION Mood vs Tone Similar to mood, tone describes the author s attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Tone is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. Considering how a work would sound if it were read aloud can help in identifying an author s tone. Some words describing tone are playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal ornate, sardonic, and somber.

10 Plot: 2 Conflict Conflict is the struggle within the plot between opposing forces. The protagonist engages in the conflict with the antagonist The antagonist can be: Another Character Character vs Character Society Character vs. Society Nature Character vs. Nature an aspect of the protagonist s personality, ideas of right or wrong, physical limitations, choices, etc. Character vs Self

11 Plot: 3 Rising Action Everything from the initiation of conflict to the climax. The part of the story where complications create some sort of conflict for the protagonist. Suspense is the anxious anticipation of a reader to the outcome of a story, especially concerning the character or characters with whom sympathetic attachments are formed, usually the protagonist. Suspense helps to secure and sustain the interest of the reader or audience throughout a work.

12 Plot: 4 Climax/Crisis Climax the moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, usually marking a turning point in the plot at which the rising action reverses to become the falling action. The protagonist usually makes a decision that leads to the actions that will end the conflict.

13 Plot : 4 Climax/Crisis It is helpful to consider climax as a three-fold phenomenon: the main character receives new information accepts this information (realizes it but does not necessarily agree with it) acts on this information (makes a choice that will determine whether or not he/she gains his objective).

14 Plot: 5 Falling Action Falling action is characterized by diminishing tensions. This is the time where the protagonist takes actions resolve the conflict.

15 Plot: 6 Dénouement Dénouement is the resolution of the plot s conflicts and complications SIDE NOTE: The simplest plot to graph is a chronological plot. A Chronological plot is a plot presents ideas according to the time in which they occurred.

16 Exceptions to the Standard Plot In medias res is a term used to describe the common strategy of beginning a story in the middle of the action. A flashback is a narrated scene that marks a break in the narrative in order to inform the reader or audience member about events that took place before the opening scene of a work.

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