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1 stone age institute publication series Series Editors Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth Stone Age Institute Gosport, Indiana and Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Number 1. THE OLDOWAN: Case Studies into the Earliest Stone Age Nicholas Toth and Kathy Schick, editors Number 2. BREATHING LIFE INTO FOSSILS: Taphonomic Studies in Honor of C.K. (Bob) Brain Travis Rayne Pickering, Kathy Schick, and Nicholas Toth, editors Number 3. THE CUTTING EDGE: New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins Kathy Schick, and Nicholas Toth, editors Number 4. THE HUMAN BRAIN EVOLVING: Paleoneurological Studies in Honor of Ralph L. Holloway Douglas Broadfield, Michael Yuan, Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth, editors

2 STONE AGE INSTITUTE PUBLICATION SERIES NUMBER 4 Series Editors Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth THE HUMAN BRAIN EVOLVING: Paleoneurological Studies in Honor of Ralph L. Holloway Editors Douglas Broadfield Florida Atlantic University Michael Yuan Columbia University Kathy Schick Stone Age Institute & Indiana University Nicholas Toth Stone Age Institute & Indiana University Stone Age Institute Press W. Dittemore Road Gosport, IN 47433

3 FRONT COVER CAPTIONS Center: Portrait of Ralph L. Holloway. Upper left: A modern human brain. Upper right: Ralph measuring landmarks on an endocast ca Lower right: Homo habilis cranium KNM-ER-1813 from Koobi Fora, Kenya (photo by Holloway). Lower left: Ralph with an endocast of the Flores hobbit cranium. Published by the Stone Age Institute. ISBN-10: ISBN-13: Copyright 2010, Stone Age Institute Press. All right reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without permission in writing from the publisher.

4 Contents 4 xi THE HUMAN BRAIN EVOLVING: PALEONEUROLOGICAL STUDIES IN HONOR OF RALPH L. HOLLOWAY edited by Douglas Broadfield, Michael Yuan, Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth Stone Age Institute Press, 2010 CONTENTS Dedication...vii Contributors...ix Table of Contents...xi Preface... xiii Introduction...xv Theoretical Concepts of Brain Evolution Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: The Human Brain Evolving: A Personal Retrospective Ralph L. Holloway...1 The Maternal Energy Hypothesis of Brain Evolution: An Update Robert D. Martin and Karen Isler...15 The Meaning of Brain Size: The Evolution of Conceptual Complexity P. Tom Schoeneman...37 Endocast Studies Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Human Brain Endocasts and the LB1 Hobbit Brain Ralph L. Holloway...51 The Fossil Hominid Brains of Dmanisi: D 2280 and D2282 Dominique Grimaud-Herve and David Lordkipanidze...59 The Evolution of the Parietal Cortical Areas in the Human Genus: Between Structure and Cognition Emiliano Bruner...83 Cerebellum and Brain Evolution in Holocene Humans Anne H. Weaver...97 Genetics and Brain Evolution Chapter 8: Study of Human Brain Evolution at the Genetic Level Eric J. Vallender and Bruce T. Lahn...107

5 xii 3 The Human Brain Evolving: Papers in Honor of Ralph L. Holloway Neurological Structure and Development Chapter 9: Brain Reorganization in Humans and Apes Katerina Semendeferi, Nicole Barger and Natalie Schenker Chapter 10: Searching for Human Brain Specializations with Structural and Functional Neuroimaging James K. Rilling Chapter 11: Structural and Diffusion MRI of a Gorilla Brain Performed Ex Vivo at 9.4 Tesla Jason A. Kaufman, J. Michael Tyszka, Francine Penny Patterson, Joseph M. Erwin, Patrick R. Hof, and John M. Allman Chapter 12: The Role of Vertical Organization in the Encephalization and Reorganization of the Primate Cortex Daniel P. Buxhoeveden Chapter 13: The Evolution of Cortical Neurotransmitter Systems Among Primates and their Relevance to Cognition Mary Ann Raghanti, Patrick R. Hof, and Chet C. Sherwood Chapter 14: Sex Differences in the Corpus Callosum of Macaca fascicularis and Pan troglodytes Douglas C. Broadfield Chapter 15: Dental Maturation, Middle Childhood and the Pattern of Growth and Development in Earlier Hominins Janet Monge and Alan Mann Chapter 16: Perikymata Counts in Two Modern Human Sample Populations Michael Sheng-Tien Yuan Brain Evolution and Behavior Chapter 17: Mosaic Cognitive Evolution: The Case of Imitation Learning Francys Subiaul Chapter 18: The Foundations of Primate Intelligence and Language Skills Duane M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, James E. King and Jared P. Taglialatella Chapter 19: Hominid Brain Reorganization, Technological Change, and Cognitive Complexity Nicholas Toth and Kathy Schick...293

ANBI Evolution of the Human Brain Winter Quarter 2013 Monday-Wednesday-Friday 3:00-3:50pm Warren Lecture Hall 2005

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