Endocranial Volumes of the Fossil Hominids
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1 A P P E N D I X 1 Endocranial Volumes of the Fossil Hominids
2 296 E NDOCRANIAL V OLUMES OF THE F OSSIL H OMINIDS Notes for Appendix 1 The endocranial volumes for this table are listed by taxonomic group as currently expressed in the literature, and arranged alphabetically within broad geographic regions. Our use of these taxa in this Table does not mean that we concur with all of these designations. Where the source indicates an RLH that means the endocranial capacities were either determined by RLH or published RLH as in Holloway, RL Brain. In: E. Delson, I. Tattersall, J. Van Couvering, and AS Brooks (Eds). Encyclopedia of Human EvolutionandPrehistory. 2 nd Edition. NY: Garland Publ., Inc. pps If the Source is OTHER, the volumes reported were taken from the recent literature as found in our Bibliography, and mostly from Ruff, CB, Trinkaus, E., and Holiday, TW Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature 387: (Supplementary Data). The SM 1 and SM 4 volumes are from Baba et al Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java. Science 299: We have decided to provide a chronological age for each endocranial volume to permit regressing endocranial volume against time. The range of MYA s for many of the hominids are too wide to accept anything but a middle value, and we hope that these dates will become more accurate as new dating techniques become available. Missing, in particular, is any endocranial estimate for the Maba (China) cranium. We could not find a citation anywhere in the literature that we have seen. The Human Fossil Record, Volume 3, by Ralph L. Holloway, Douglas C. Broadfield, and Michael S. Yuan. ISBN Copyright C 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3 E NDOCRANIAL V OLUMES OF THE F OSSIL H OMINIDS 297 APPENDIX 1 Part 1: Endocranial volumes and data AL RLH 400 A. afarensis 3.18 AL RLH 387 A. afarensis 3 AL RLH 400 A. afarensis 3.18 AL RLH 492 A. afarensis 3.18 AL RLH 550 A. afarensis 3 KNM-WT RLH 410 A. ethiopicus 2.5 KNM-WT RLH 400 A. ethiopicus 1.77 KNM-ER RLH 490 A. ethiopicus 1.7 Omo L338y-6 RLH 427 A. ethiopicus 2.39 KNM-ER 406 RLH 500 A. boisei 1.5 KNM-ER 407 RLH 510 A. boisei 1.85 KNM-ER 732 RLH 500 A. boisei 1.7 KNM-WT RLH 475 A. boisei 1.7 Konso (KGA ) RLH 545 A. boisei 1.4 OH 5 RLH 520 A. boisei 1.8 SK 54 RLH 500 A. robustus 1.5 SK 859 RLH 450 A. robustus 1.5 SK 1585 RLH 530 A. robustus 1.5 MLD 1 RLH 510 A. africanus 3.1 MLD 37/38 RLH 435 A. africanus 3.1 Sts 5 RLH 485 A. africanus 2.5 Sts 19/58 RLH 436 A. africanus 2.5 Sts 60 RLH 400 A. africanus 2.5 Sts 71 RLH 428 A. africanus 2.5 Stw 505 RLH 560 A. africanus 2.6 Taung RLH 440 A. africanus 2.6 Type 2 RLH 457 A. africanus 2.5 Bouri (Bou-VP-12/130) RLH 450 A. garhi 2.5 KNM-ER 1805 RLH 582 H. habilis 1.85 KNM-ER 1813 RLH 509 H. habilis 1.88 OH 7 RLH 687 H. habilis 1.8 OH 13 RLH 650 H. habilis 1.5 OH 16 RLH 638 H. habilis 1.7 OH 24 RLH 590 H. habilis 1.8 KNM-ER 3732 RLH 750 H. ergaster 1.88 KNM-ER 3733 RLH 848 H. ergaster 1.78 KNM-ER 3883 RLH 804 H. ergaster 1.57 KNM-ER 1470 RLH 752 H. rudolfensis 1.88 KNM-ER 1590 RLH 825 H. rudolfensis 1.85 Dmanisi D2280 Other 650 H. georgicus 1.7 Dmanisi D2282 Other 780 H. georgicus 1.7 Daka, Ethiopia Other 995 H. erectus 1 Hexian Other 1025 H. erectus Jinniushan Other 1390 H. erectus 0.28 (Cont.)
4 298 E NDOCRANIAL V OLUMES OF THE F OSSIL H OMINIDS APPENDIX 1 Part 1: (Continued ) KNM-WT Other 900 H. erectus 1.5 Lantian (Gongwang 1) Other 780 H. erectus 0.7 Narmada Other 1260 H. erectus Ngawi Other 870 H. erectus na OH 9 RLH 1067 H. erectus 1.2 OH 12 RLH 727 H. erectus 0.6 Sale RLH 880 H. erectus 0.24 Sambungmacan 1 Other 1035 H. erectus 0.8 Sambungmacan 3 RLH 917 H. erectus 0.4 Sambungmacan 4 Other 1006 H. erectus 0.8 Sangiran 2 RLH 813 H. erectus 0.98 Sangiran 3 RLH 950 H. erectus 1 Sangiran 4 RLH 908 H. erectus 1.1 Sangiran 10 RLH 855 H. erectus 1.2 Sangiran 12 RLH 1059 H. erectus 0.9 Sangiran 17 RLH 1004 H. erectus 1 Trinil 2 RLH 940 H. erectus 0.9 Yunxian (1 and 2) Other 1200 H. erectus 0.4 Zhoukodian III, E (Z 2) RLH 915 H. erectus 0.4 Zhoukoudian (Z11) RLH 1015 H. erectus 0.4 Zhoukoudian I, L (Z 10) RLH 1225 H. erectus 0.4 Zhoukoudian III, L (Z 12) RLH 1030 H. erectus 0.4 Atapuerca 4 Other 1390 H. antecessor 0.35 Atapuerca 5 Other 1125 H. antecessor 0.35 Atapuerca 6 Other 1140 H. antecessor 0.35 Dali 1 Other 1120 H. soloensis Ngandong 1 (Solo I) RLH 1172 H. soloensis Ngandong 6 (Solo V) RLH 1251 H. soloensis Ngandong 7 (Solo VI) RLH 1013 H. soloensis Ngandong (Solo IX) RLH 1135 H. soloensis Ngandong 13 (Solo X) RLH 1231 H. soloensis Ngandong 14 (Solo XI) RLH 1090 H. soloensis Arago RLH 1166 H. heidelbergensis 0.4 Biache Other 1200 H. heidelbergensis na Bodo RLH 1250 H. heidelbergensis 0.6 Ceprano Other 1165 H. heidelbergensis 0.8 Ehringsdorf Other 1450 H. heidelbergensis 0.23 Kabwe RLH 1325 H. heidelbergensis 0.18 Lazaret RLH 1250 H. heidelbergensis 0.13 Petralona Other 1230 H. heidelbergensis 0.21 Reilingen RLH 1430 H. heidelbergensis 0.2 Saldanha Other 1225 H. heidelbergensis 0.5 Steinheim Other 1200 H. heidelbergensis Swanscombe RLH 1325 H. heidelbergensis 0.25 Amud Other 1740 H. sapiens neanderthalen Engis 2 Other 1362 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.06 Ganovce RLH 1320 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.09 (Cont.)
5 E NDOCRANIAL V OLUMES OF THE F OSSIL H OMINIDS 299 APPENDIX 1 Part 1: (Continued ) Gibralter (Devil s) Other 1400 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.05 Gibralter (Forbe s) Other 1200 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.05 Jebel Irhoud 1 RLH 1305 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Jebel Irhoud 2 RLH 1400 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Krapina B Other 1450 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.13 Krapina 3 (Cranium C) RLH 1255 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.13 Krapina 6 (Cranium E) RLH 1205 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.13 La Chapelle Other 1625 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.05 La Ferrassie Other 1640 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.07 La Quina 5 Other 1172 H. sapiens neanderthalen La Quina 18 Other 1200 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.06 Le Moustier Other 1565 H. sapiens neanderthalen Monte Circeo (Guat1) RLH 1360 H. sapiens neanderthalen Neanderthal Other 1525 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.04 Saccopastore 1 Other 1245 H. sapiens neanderthalen Saccopastore 2 Other 1300 H. sapiens neanderthalen Shanidar 1 Other 1600 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.06 Shanidar 5 Other 1550 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.06 Skhul 1 Other 1450 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Skhul 4 Other 1554 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Skhul 5 Other 1520 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Skhul 9 Other 1590 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.1 Spy I RLH 1305 H. sapiens neanderthalen Spy II RLH 1553 H. sapiens neanderthalen Tabun 1 Other 1271 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.11 Teshik-Tash Other 1525 H. sapiens neanderthalen 0.07 Herto 1/16 Other 1450 H. sapiens idaltu 0.16 Brno I Other 1600 H. sapiens sapiens Brno II Other 1500 H. sapiens sapiens Brno III Other 1304 H. sapiens sapiens Border Cave Other 1510 H. sapiens sapiens 0.07 Bruniquel 2 Other 1555 H. sapiens sapiens na Cap Blanc 1 Other 1434 H. sapiens sapiens na Chancelade Other 1530 H. sapiens sapiens na Combe Capelle Other 1570 H. sapiens sapiens Cro-Magnon 1 Other 1730 H. sapiens sapiens 0.03 Cro-Magnon 3 Other 1590 H. sapiens sapiens 0.03 Dolni Vestonice 3 Other 1285 H. sapiens sapiens Dolni Vestonice 14 Other 1538 H. sapiens sapiens Dolni Vestonice 18 Other 1481 H. sapiens sapiens Dolni Vestonice 20 Other 1378 H. sapiens sapiens Dolni Vestonice 21 Other 1547 H. sapiens sapiens Grotte des Infants 4 Other 1775 H. sapiens sapiens na Grotte des Infants 5 Other 1375 H. sapiens sapiens na Grotte des Infants 6 Other 1580 H. sapiens sapiens na Kostenki 2 Other 1605 H. sapiens sapiens 0.02 Kostenki 14 Other 1222 H. sapiens sapiens na Laetoli 18 Other 1367 H. sapiens sapiens 0.12 (Cont.)
6 300 E NDOCRANIAL V OLUMES OF THE F OSSIL H OMINIDS APPENDIX 1 Part 1: (Continued ) Liujiang Other 1480 H. sapiens sapiens 0.04 Minatogawa 1 Other 1390 H. sapiens sapiens Minatogawa 2 Other 1170 H. sapiens sapiens na Minatogawa 4 Other 1090 H. sapiens sapiens na Mladec 1 Other 1540 H. sapiens sapiens 0.03 Mladec 2 Other 1390 H. sapiens sapiens na Mladec 5 Other 1650 H. sapiens sapiens na Nazlet Khater 2 Other 1420 H. sapiens sapiens Obercassel 1 Other 1500 H. sapiens sapiens na Obercassel 2 Other 1370 H. sapiens sapiens na Omo 2 (Kibbish) Other 1435 H. sapiens sapiens 0.12 Pataud 1 Other 1380 H. sapiens sapiens na Pavlov1 Other 1472 H. sapiens sapiens Predmosti 3 Other 1580 H. sapiens sapiens Predmosti 4 Other 1250 H. sapiens sapiens Predmosti 9 Other 1555 H. sapiens sapiens Predmosti 10 Other 1452 H. sapiens sapiens Qafzeh 6 Other 1568 H. sapiens sapiens 0.09 Qafzeh 9 Other 1531 H. sapiens sapiens na Qafzeh 11 Other 1280 H. sapiens sapiens na San Teodoro 1 Other 1565 H. sapiens sapiens na San Teodoro 2 Other 1569 H. sapiens sapiens na San Teodoro 3 Other 1560 H. sapiens sapiens na San Teodoro 5 Other 1484 H. sapiens sapiens na Singa 1 Other 1550 H. sapiens sapiens St. Germain-la-Rivie Other 1354 H. sapiens sapiens na Sungir 1 Other 1464 H. sapiens sapiens Sungir 2 Other 1267 H. sapiens sapiens na Sungir 3 Other 1361 H. sapiens sapiens na Sungir 5 Other 1453 H. sapiens sapiens na Veyrier 1 Other 1430 H. sapiens sapiens na Yinkou Other 1390 H. sapiens sapiens 0.13 Zhoukoudian (Upper Cave) 1 Other 1500 H. sapiens sapiens Zhoukoudian (Upper Cave) 2 Other 1380 H. sapiens sapiens na Zhoukoudian (Upper Cave) 3 Other 1290 H. sapiens sapiens na
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