Case Study: Ethical Aspects of AI, Robotics and IoT. Deborah Oughton, NMBU/UiO MNSES 9100

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1 Case Study: Ethical Aspects of AI, Robotics and IoT Deborah Oughton, NMBU/UiO MNSES 9100 Norwegian University of Life Sciences 1

3 UNESCO/COMEST Prevention of Harm 2. Precautionary Approach 3. Equity and Justice 4. Sustainable Development 5. Solidarity 6. Scientific Knowledge and Integrity Ethical Value/Principle Approach

4 AI/Robotics/IoT Multi/transdisciplinary Areas of Research and Development Computer Science and IT Mathematics Psychology Linguistics Medicine Environmental Science Philosophy and Ethics. Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 4

5 Artificial Intelligence Computer Go AlphaGo Deep Blue ( ) flikr.com

6 Turing test (1950)

7 Robotics Kismet: museum.mit.edu Publication and Authorshio Norwegian University of Life Sciences 7

The Moral Machine http://moralmachine.mit.

8 The Moral Machine Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 8

9 Robots, AI and Culture Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 9

10 Three Laws of Robotics a. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm; b. b. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law; c. c. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. Runaround (1942), Isaac Asimov Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 10

11 agrolnow.com

12 The Internet of Things Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 12

13 The Watching Machine Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 13

14 Developments in Pacemaker Technology Pacemaker Evolution. Eivind L. Platou, Ullevål Sykehus Deborah Oughton: Ist Pacemaker implanted in 1987; currently on Mark 6

15 Developments in Pacemaker Technology EPN, 2017

16 Developments in Pacemaker Technology Rootnation.com Deborah Oughton: Ist Pacemaker implanted in 1987; currently on Mark 6

17 The Future Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 17

18 Utopia or Dystopia? AI/robotics/IoT What are the expected benefits to society What do you consider to be the biggest risks of developments? Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 18

19 Relevant Ethical Principles and Values (COMEST Robotics Report) Human Dignity Value of Autonomy Value of Privacy Do not harm Principle Principle of Responsibility Value of Beneficence Value of Justice 19

20 Dignity: Autonomy, Control and Privacy Potential problems with privacy infringement, data protection, social media, Consent to use of data in other areas

21 Medical Applications Diagnostics Care Individual Monitoring 21

22 Tittel på presentasjon 22

23 «Do no Harm» Research into autonomous warfare drones nato.int Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 23

24 Well Being and Community Values Direct contact between device and medics.other side-effects

25 Societal Consequences

26 Justice and Fairness Fairness in the distribution of advantages and disadvantages among groups of people; Fairness in compensation for losses; Fairness in the rules and procedures in the processes of decision making Relevance for health applications Unfair differences in access to care, support Unfair burden on less well-off, vulnerable (children, elderly, etc) Job losses? Environmental impacts (ewaste, REE, etc)

27 Rights for Robots? Could robots/machines experience conciousness, emotions, empathy? Would that give them moral standing? Tittel på presentasjon Norwegian University of Life Sciences 27

28 Precaution Should not be taken to be synonymous with zero risk or over conservatism «Once we know the full potential use and applications of the technology, it is often too late to regulate» (COMEST, 2016)

Practical Recommendations Stakeholder Engagement

anthropologists, psychologists, philospohers,

29 Practical Recommendations Stakeholder Engagement Critical for success and legitimacy of heath monitoring Who: medical and public health professionals, community representatives, anthropologists, psychologists, philospohers, social scientists, parents, media, Need a broad representation of opinions

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

Ethics in Artificial Intelligence By Jugal Kalita, PhD Professor of Computer Science Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative Ethics Fellow Sponsored by: This material was developed by Jugal Kalita, MPA, and is