Humanoid Robots. by Julie Chambon

Transcription

1 Humanoid Robots by Julie Chambon 25th November 2008

2 Outlook Introduction Why a humanoid appearance? Particularities of humanoid Robots Utility of humanoid Robots Complexity of humanoids Humanoid projects Evolution Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 2 /25

3 Introduction What do we mean by Humanoid Robot (HR)? wikipedia definition : A Humanoid Robot is a robot which overall appearance is based on that of the human body. In general humanoid robots have a torso with a head, two arms and two legs, although some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid robots may also have a 'face', with 'eyes' and a 'mouth'. Some definitions : Androids and Gynoids Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 3 /25

4 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 4 /25 Pictures Human face Full human body

5 Why a humanoid appearance? Humanoid robots are created to imitate physical and mental tasks that humans undergo daily. They will be able to both understand human intelligence, act like humans (thus the humanoid shape). Better integration in a human society Challenging experience to design a human Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 5 /25

6 Particularities of Humanoid R. A HR is an autonomous robot adaptable to changes in its environment... Capacities of a humanoid robot may include : self maintenance avoiding harmful situations autonomous learning safe interacting with human beings and the environment Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 6 /25

7 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 7 /25 Particularities of Humanoid R. Autonomous learning: Learn or gain new capabilities without outside assistance. Adjust strategies based on the surroundings. React on feedback. Adapt to new situations. Interaction : Force to take an object. Keep a minimum distance with respects to humans.

8 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 8 /25 Purpose of HR : Research Humanoids are used as a research tools in several scientific areas. Aim : to understand the human body's biological and mental processes, from the simple act of walking to the concepts of consciousness and spirituality.

9 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 9 /25 Purpose of HR : Research Humanoid designs, especially ones that walk, pose enormous design and engineering challenges, and that in itself is a good reason do develop them, because they advance the field as a whole

10 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 10/25 Purpose : Medicine Build better prosthesis for human beings. A few examples are: powered leg prosthesis for neuromuscularly impaired, ankle-foot orthosis, biological realistic leg prosthesis forearm prosthesis.

11 Purpose : Accomplish difficult/dangerous tasks Humanoid robots are being developed to perform human tasks like dirty or dangerous jobs carry heavy loads... Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 11/25

12 Purpose: Social robots With enough sophistication, social robots will be able to act as a comforting, animated presence for children or the elderly companion & assistant contact to medical services Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 12/25

13 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 13/25 Purpose: Any task I Regular jobs are also suitable for humanoids. Receptionist, worker of an automotive manuf. line Humanoids can use tools designed for the human form => could perform any task a human being can, (so long as they have the proper software).

14 Purpose: Any task II Humanoid design : easier to operate in a world designed for humans, where steps, gradients, variable terrain and corners abound Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 14/25

15 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 15/25 Purpose : Sensibility Researchers are teaching robots to read emotional cues fear, irritation,... They can learn by identifying human feedback A robot has to act to respond to a sign. On his face : reproduce human expression.

16 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 16/25 Complexity of a humanoids Humanoids refer to the following components : Sensing (cameras, microphone,...) Actuating (motors) Planning & Control. Since they try to simulate the human structure & behaviour and they are autonomous systems => they are often more complex than other kinds of robots.

17 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 17/25 Complexity of a humanoids Complexity affects all robotic scales mechanical, spatial, time, power density,... It is more noticeable on power density jump => bad ratio power/weight system complexity scales. Very good algorithms for specific Robots, but difficult to merge all of them into one efficient system the system complexity is very high.

18 Complexity of a humanoids Scientists and specialists from many different fields including engineering, cognitive science linguistics combine their efforts. There is still no robot capable of walking properly without jerky slightly unbalanced movements. Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 18/25

19 Humanoid Projects ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative MObility) Created by Honda Motor Company. Height Mass Walking speed Running speed Continuous operating time 130 cm 54 kg 2.7 km/h 6 km/h 40 min to 1 hour It has the ability to follow the movements of people to greet a person when he approaches. to recognize 10 different faces. Internet connectivity Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 19/25

20 Humanoid Projects ASIMO can also interpret the positioning, movement of a hand, recognize postures and gestures. It can react to and be directed by the natural movements of human beings.! First Robot to have handshaked a minister! It analyses its environment and acts in a safety manner It faces people when being spoken Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 20/25

21 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 20/25 Humanoid Projects ASIMO can also interpret Costs less than $1 million the positioning, movement of a hand, recognize postures and gestures. It can react to and be directed by the natural movements of human beings.! First Robot to have handshaked a minister! It analyses its Some environment units are available and acts to be in hired a safety manner out for $166,000 It faces people when being spoken

22 Humanoid Projects Made in the late 1990s at MIT Aim : demonstrate simulated human emotion and appearance Facial expressions are created through movements of the ears, eyebrows, eyelids, lips, jaw, and head. Kismet Kismet shows a strong resemblance to Gizmo (Gremlins movie) Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 21/25

23 Humanoid Projects ARMAR *European Network of Robotic Research One of the humanoid robots of EURON *. It works in the kitchen at tasks like opening the dishwasher door, filling it closing the door turning the machine on Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 22/25

24 Humanoid Projects If you want to find more projects, you can see Robonaut ( by the NASA ) Nao (by a french Startup : Aldebaran) Repliee Q1 Expo (A Gynoid, by Osaka University ) CB2 ( by Osaka University s Graduate School) Domo (by MIT) Cog ( by MIT)... Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 23/25

25 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 24/25 Evolution Observers like Bill Gates believe that there will be a robot in every home by Scientists estimate robots will be smart enough in 25 to 50 years to hold intelligent conversations with people. The dozens of research programmes united by EURON and a lot of programmes around the world Humanoids are now in vogue The research on HR goes faster and faster...

26 Intelligente Roboter Seminar - Humanoid Robot Julie Chambon 25/25 Questions? Thank you for your attention. Do you have any questions?