Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

Transcription

1 , pp Design and Analysis of Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Konika Wanjari 1, Rajasi Gawande 1, Shruti Dhruv 1, Radhika Deshmukh 1, Purval Raut 1, Chaitali Dhongade 1 and Kanchan Wagh 2 1 EngineeringStudent, St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering and Technology, Electronics and Telecommunication, Nagpur 2 Assistant Professor Electronics and Telecommunication, SVPCET, Nagpur Abstract. In this paper a microstrip patch antenna is designed to operate on 2.4Ghz microwave frequency for wireless application. The projected antenna is designed and simulated on CST STUDIOSUITE simulation software. It achieves return loss below -10dBbyusing FR-4 lossy substrate with the permittivity of εr =4.3. In this analysis we have also achieved the antenna parameters such as VSWR, Input impedance, Radiation pattern, Directivity, Gain,3D polar plot. Hence this antenna is highly suitable for applications such as wifi, zigbee, medical applications, satellite and other wireless application Keywords: Inset-fed, Patch antenna, Resonance frequency. 1 Introduction An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending or receiving radio transmissions. [4] Antennas play an important role in the operation of all radio equipment. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves that carry signals through air at the speed of light without any transmission loss. Antennas can be omnidirectional, directional or arbitrary. They are used in wireless local area networks, mobile telephony and satellite communication. 1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna Microstrip antenna consists of very small conducting patch built on a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. This patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. The radiating patch and the feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate. The conducting patch, theoretically, can be designed of any shape like square, triangular, circular, rectangular, however rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used. In this project Square Microstrip Patch antenna is used. Some of the other configurations used are very complex to analyze and require large numerical ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2017 SERSC

2 computations. However, Microstrip antenna has a drawback of low bandwidth and low gain. The bandwidth can be increased by cutting slots and stacking configuration and Gain can be increased by using different patch elements in an array to achieve maximum radiation characteristics. In its most fundamental form, a Micro strip patch antennae consist of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side is illustrated in figure1. Advantages: 1.Low fabrication cost, hence can be in quantities 2.Low cost, less size 3.Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces 4.High Performance 5.Light Weight and Low Volume Disadvantages: 1. Lower gain (Nearly6dB). 2. Low efficiency. 3. Low power handling capacity. Fig. 1. Structure of Microstrip Patch Antenna 1.2 Feeding Techniques of Microstrip Antennas The four most popular feed techniques used are the microstrip line, coaxial probe (both contacting schemes), aperture coupling and proximity coupling (both non contacting schemes). A) Microstrip (Offset Microstrip) Line Feed In this type of feed technique a conducting strip is connected directly to the edge of the microstrip patch. The conducting strip is smaller in width as compared to the patch. This kind of feed arrangement has the advantage that the feed can be etched on the same can be incorporated in to the patch in order to obtain good impedance Copyright 2017 SERSC 297

3 matching without the need for any additional matching element. This is achieved by properly controlling the inset position. B) CoaxialFeed The Coaxial feed or probe feed is one of the most common techniques used for feeding microstrip patchantenn as. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer conductor is connected to the ground plane. C) Aperture Coupled Feed In aperture coupling the radiating microstrip patch element is etched on the top of the antenna substrate, and the microstrip feed line is etched on the bottom of the feed substrate in order to obtain aperture coupling. The thickness and dielectric constants of these two substrates may thus be chosen independently to optimize the distinct electrical functions of radiation and circuitry. D) Proximity Coupled Feed This type of feed technique is also called as the electromagnetic coupling scheme. Two dielectric substrates are used such that the feedline is between the two substrates and the radiating patch is on top of the upper substrate. The main advantage of this feed technique is that it eliminates spurious feed radiation and provides very high bandwidth of about13%, due to increase in the electrical thickness of the microstrip patch antenna. 2 Design Methodology An antenna is a transducer that converts radio frequency (RF) fields into alternating current or vice versa. There are both receiving and transmission antennas for sending or receiving radio transmissions 298 Copyright 2017 SERSC

4 Steps: 1. Calculate Width of the antenna(w): (1) 2. Calculate Effective dielectric constant: (2) 3. Calculate Effective Length: (3) 4. Calculate Length of Antenna: (4) Fig. 2. Design of patch antenna in CST Studio Suit 3 Results and Discussions Figure 3 shows the simulated result of return loss and resonanceoccursat2.404ghz Copyright 2017 SERSC 299

5 Fig. 3. S11 parameter Vs Frequency plot The voltage standing wave ratio(vswr) of the proposed microstrip antenna has VSWR value of for 2.404GHz is shown in the Fig.4. Fig. 4. VSWRVs Frequency plot Figure 5 illustrates the 3Dradiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form. Fig. 5. 3DRadiationPattern 300 Copyright 2017 SERSC

6 Fig. 6. Polar Plot Table 1. Results Parameters of Inset Feed Antenna Sr.No. Parameters Values 1 S-Parameter dB 2 VSWR Directivity 2.994dBi 4 Input Impedance 42.19dB 4 Antenna with Slot Fig. 7. Micro strip antenna with slot Copyright 2017 SERSC 301

7 5 Result and Discussions Fig. 8. Voltage standing wave ratio(vswr) of the proposed microstrip antenna has VSWR value of for GHz The voltage standing wave ratio(vswr) of the proposed microstrip antenna has VSWR value of for GHz is shown in the Fig.8. Fig. 9. VSWRVs Frequency plot Fig. 9. illustrates the 3D radiation patterns of proposed antenna in polar form. Fig D Radiation Pattern 302 Copyright 2017 SERSC

8 Fig. 11. Polar plot Table 2. Results Parameters of Antenna with Slot Sr.No. Parameters Values Return loss dB 2 VSWR Directivity 3.02dBi 4 Input Impedance dB 6 Conclusion 1. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with db return loss is designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is suitable for applications such as Wifi Zigbee, Medical Applications, Satellite communication and other wireless applications. 2. Rectangular patch antenna with Slot at 2.4 GHz with db return loss is designed on CST STUDIO SUITE. The designed antenna has VSWR of value The gain of the antenna is also shown using the polar plot. The designed antenna is suitable for applications such as Radar antennas, for the sector antenna used for cell phones base stations etc. Copyright 2017 SERSC 303

9 References 1. Kanchan Wagh, Microstrip Array Antenna and Beamforming Algorithm for Phased Array Radar, International journal of Advanced Research in Education & Tecgnology Volume 2 Issue 3 ISSN , pp PriyaUpadhyay, Richa Sharma Design And Study Of Inset Feed Square Microstrip Patch Antenna For S- Band Applicationr International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management WebSite: editor@ijaiem.org, Volume 2, Issue 1, January C. A. Balamis (2005) Antenna Theory: analysis and design (3rd ed.). 4. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology Volume4 Issue 8 August2013, ISSN: Micro strip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHZ Wireless Applications Pradeep Kumar, Neha Thakur, Aman Sanghi 1) Assistant Professor, Department of 2)Mtech Student, Department of ECE, NGF College of Engineering and Technology, Palwal 3) Assistant Professor,Department of ECE,NGF College of Engineering & Tech, Palwal New Delhi, IndiaECE, DITMR, Faridabad 304 Copyright 2017 SERSC