A COMPACT SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS
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1 1059 A COMPACT SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS Sweety Goyal 1, Balraj Singh Sidhu 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Punjab Technical University Campus, Bathinda ABSTRACT Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. This paper presents the design and simulation of a compact slotted microstrip patch antenna for Multiband i.e S-band & C-band applications using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 11 Software. This antenna has been designed and fabricated using Flame Retardant 4, FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4. Microstrip line feed technique has been used in this antenna. The performance of the designed antenna has been analysed in the term of return loss, VSWR and gain. The design has been optimized to meet the best possible results. The results show the multiband antenna is able to operate at 2.45 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 6.3 GHz. Keywords-Microstrip Patch Antenna, Blue tooth, Wi-Fi, Return loss. 1. INTRODUCTION Microstrip antennas are very attractive because of low weight, low fabrication cost, conformal to the surface of objects, easy production and capable of multiband frequency operations [1]. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) requires three band of frequencies: 2.4 GHz ( MHz), 5.2 GHz ( MHz) and 5.8 GHz ( MHz). Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are well established short distance communication standards which uses 2.4 GHz GHz frequency band. Telecommunication via satellite and RADAR use 4-8 GHz band of frequency [2]. The primary disadvantage of simple rectangular microstrip patch antenna is its narrow band frequency response. Most of times, not covering the entire frequency of single application. To overcome this problem, various techniques have been applied such as increasing the substrate thickness, introducing parasitic element, that is coplaner [3] and stack configration [4] or modifying the patch s shape includes designing an E-shaped patch antenna or U-slot H-shaped patch antenna [5-7]. In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna having H-shaped slot for multiband applications is being proposed. 2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY 2.1 Simulation Setup The designed antenna has been optimized using High Structure Simulation Software Ansoft version 11. The design procedure begins with the selection of length, width and type of dielectric substance. Then using the measurement obtained above simulation has been set up for the basic rectangular microstrip antenna parameters are optimized for the best impedence matching. Furthermore three rectangular slots are introduced and unite on the rectangular patch such that it closely resembles H-shape. At last microstrip line feed and waveport are introduced for attaining the required bandwidth and gain value. The proposed design methodology of the antenna has been depicted in Fig. (1) below:-
2 1060 Fig. 1 Block Diagram of designing procedure of antenna 2.2 Antenna Geometry The dimension of the substrate has been taken as 35mm 26mm. The thickness of the substrate has been taken as 1.67mm. The size of patch is L= 26mm and W= 20mm. H-shaped slot is formed on the patch. The dimensions of two slots are taken as 8mm 1mm and third slot is of 1mm 3mm. By unite these slots H-shaped slot is formed on the patch. The microstrip line feed has been used in this antenna. The feed point is being searched by hit and trial approach. The H-shaped microstrip patch antenna has been shown below in Fig. (2) Fig. 2 H-shaped microstrip patch antenna The dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna has been obtained based on the following equations [1] (1.1) (1.2)
3 1061 (1.3) 3. RESULTS AND COMPARISON The return loss for microstrip patch antenna is shown in Fig. (3).The return loss is found to be varying at 2.45 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 6.3GHz. Its value at 2.45 GHz is -19 db, at 5.1 GHz is -18dB and -13 db at 6.3 GHz. Fig. 3 Return loss of Microstrip patch antenna The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of Microstrip Patch Antenna is shown in Fig. (4).The parameter VSWR is a measure that numerically describes how well the antenna is impedence matched to the transmission line it is connected to. VSWR is a function of reflection coefficient, which describes the power reflected from the antenna [8]. The smaller the VSWR is, the better the antenna is matched to the transmission line and the more power is delivered to the antenna. The minimum VSWR is 1.0. In this case, no power is reflected from the antenna, which is ideal. Measured VSWR at 2.45 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 6.3GHz is 1.0. Fig. 4 VSWR of Microstrip patch antenna The simulated radiation patterns of the Microstrip patch antenna have been shown Fig. (5) and Fig. (6).These figures show that simulated antenna is bidirectional.
4 1062 Fig. 5 3D- Radiation Pattern of Microstrip patch antenna Fig. 6 2D- Radiation pattern of Microstrip patch antenna The average simulated gain result of compact slotted Microstrip patch antenna is 3 db. Fig. 7: 3D polar plot of microstrip patch antenna
5 1063 Table 1: Comparison between proposed antenna & conventional antenna Parameters Return loss Gain Band Application Proposed Antenna At 2.45 GHz= -19dB At 5.1 GHz = -18dB At 6.3 GHz = -13 db 3 db Multiband Bluetooth, Wi- Fi, RADAR, WLAN etc. M. H. Mokhtar et al. At 2.45 GHz = -23 db 2.5 db Single band RFID 4. CONCLUSION The design and simulation of microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications has been successfully designed and analysed using Ansoft HFSS software version 11. Results show that antenna operates at three different frequencies (2.45 GHz, 5.1 GHz and 6.3GHz) of S-band and C-band. The achieved average simulated gain result of compact slotted microstrip patch antenna is 3 db. REFERENCES [1] C. A. Balani, Antenna Theory, John Wiley & Sons, INC., U. K, 3 rd edition, 2005 [2] Vandana Chopra, Maninder Kaur, K.V.P Singh, and Sumit Kumar Jha, Design And Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure & Circular Slot on the Patch, International journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, pp , [3] Mukesh R. Solanki, Usha Kiran K., and K. J. Vinoy, Broadband Designs of a Triangular Microstrip Antenna with a Capacitive Feed, Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp , [4] Baskaran Kasi, Lee Chia Ping, and Chandan Kumar Chakrabarty, A Compact Microstrip Antenna for Ultra Wideband, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 67, pp , [5] Indu Bala Pauria, Sachin Kumar, and Sandhya Sharma, Design and Simulation of E-Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wideband Applications, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, Vol. 2, pp , [6] Vaibhav Tarange, Tushar Gite, Piyush Musale, and Sanjay V. Khobragade, A U Slotted H-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with Capacitive Feed for Broadband Applications, International Conference on Emerging trends in Network and Computer Commmunications (ETNCC), pp , [7] M. H. Mokhtar, M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Murad, and H. A. Majid, A Compact Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID Applications, Proceeding of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on RFID Technologies and Applications, pp. 1-4, [8]
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