Design of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna with circular and rectangular slot in X Band

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1 International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 162 Available online at & ISSN: Design of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna with circular and rectangular slot in X Band Priyanka Jain, Kaushal S. Yadav, Dipak K. Bhagat, Pooja Banwani, Shally Goyal(A.P.) Department of electronic and communication Engineering Amity university-m.p ABSTRACT- The performance study of rectangular micro strip patch antenna at X band frequency is presented in this paper. The resonant frequency is chosen at 10 GHz which is suitable for a variety of wireless applications. HFSS tool is used as the software environment to design and compare the performance of the antennas. It is found that the return loss of improved patch antenna is very low compare to simple rectangular patch antenna. In addition, the improved rectangular patch antenna has an improved VSWR value of 1.12 than that of the simple patch with VSWR However, simple patch antenna with circular and rectangular slots offers about 50% higher bandwidth. I INTRODUCTION In the era of modern world where communication has become indispensable, antennas are rightly to be said as electronic eyes and ears of the world due to their undeniable place in the communication technology. While, the revolution in antenna engineering leads the fast growing communication systems, Micro strip Patch Antennas have been one of the most innovative developments in the era of miniaturization. Micro strip Patch Antennas are increasingly finding their applications in a broad range of microwave systems from radars, telemetry, navigation, biomedical systems, mobile and satellite communications, missile systems, global positioning system (GPS) for remote sensing and etc. because of their light weight, low volume, low cost, low profile, ease of fabrication, conformability to mounting hosts and ability to be printed directly onto a circuit board[1]. II THE BASIC CONCEPT Micro strip Patch antenna has various advantages. There are different types of antenna slots used with some specific feeding techniques for enhancement of antenna bandwidth. The substrate height and dielectric constant are very important factors that influence variation in bandwidth, radiation characteristics as well as surface wave minimization [5]. Thick substrate with low dielectric constant is used for miniaturization of antennas that provides better efficiency and loosely bound field for radiation in the space. Micro strip antenna has a ground plane on one side of dielectric substrate and other side has a radiating patch as shown in above fig.1.

2 163 Design of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna with circular and rectangular slot in X Band Fig.1 Micro strip patch antenna t= thickness of patch h=height of substrate L= length of patch W= width of patch The patch is generally made of some conducting material like gold or copper and it has many shapes like rectangular, circular based on application used [3]. Dielectric constant of substrate is taken in particular range from 2.2<ε r <12. Substrate parameters such as dielectric constants, its height can be varied to obtain different return loss and ultimately increase in impedance bandwidth. Bandwidth can be increased by decreasing dielectric constant value of the substrate [1]. III. DESIGN CONSIDERATION (A) Effective dielectric constant: (1) Where W is width of patch h is height of substrate (B) Fringes factor: (2) Where W is width of patch h is height of substrate (C) Calculation of length: (3)

3 IJAEEE, Volume 3, Number 3 Priyanka Jain et al. Where (4) Where L is length of patch ΔL is extension in length due to fringing (D) Calculation of width: (5) Where c is speed of light in free space ƒr is resonant frequency (E) Calculation of ground plane dimensions:, (6) Where h is height of substrate, L is length of patch, W is width of patch IV DESIGN PARAMETER The antenna has been designed on the substrate Roger RT5880 for a good dielectric constant of 2.2. The other parameter used to designed configuration of the antenna is shown in table I. Operating frequency Patch size Substrate height Transmission length line 10 GHz 1.588mm 4.4mm Transmission line width 1.2 mm Dielectric constant 2.2 Table1: Parameter of designing of antenna With the help of above parameter the antenna a simple micro strip patch antenna design in HFSS tool as shown in fig. 2 and the simulation result is shown in fig.3 which clearly tells that the return loss is at 10GHz. Thus the performance of this antenna is very weak as per our requirement.

4 165 Design of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna with circular and rectangular slot in X Band Fig.2 simple micro strip patch antenna at X band Fig.3 simulation result of simple micro strip patch antenna at X band V DESIGNED OF IMPROVED ANTENNA FOR X BAND In this paper improved performance of the antenna is achieved by cutting two different slots one is circular slot and other is a rectangular slot. After designing of this antenna we get the result of simulation as return loss of db on frequency of 10GHz. This is much improved from the previous one the parameter for this design is shown in table 2. Operating frequency 10 GHz Patch size Substrate height Transmission 1.588mm line 4.4mm

5 IJAEEE, Volume 3, Number 3 Priyanka Jain et al. length Transmission line 1.2 mm width Dielectric constant 2.2 For circular cut R For rectangular cut 2.98mm Table1: Parameter of designing of modified patch antenna Fig.4 modified micro strip patch antenna at X band Fig.5 simulation result of modified micro strip patch antenna at X band The VSWR plots of both the antennas (fig.6 and fig. 7) points that at the same resonant frequency has a better VSWR in modified patch antenna value of 1.12 than that of the simple patch antenna 2.73 as the VSWR of the more closer to the ideal value of VSWR=1 for an antenna.

6 167 Design of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna with circular and rectangular slot in X Band Fig.6 VSWR Plot of simple Patch Antenna Fig.7 VSWR Plot of modified Patch Antenna VI RESULT AND CONCLUSION In this paper we design a simple patch antenna on X band and getting the simulation results and making some changes for the improvement of the results in antenna design. With the help of the improved antenna design we get the return loss of the comparison of these two results are shown in fig.8 Fig.8 comparison of simple and modified patch antenna on X band.

7 IJAEEE, Volume 3, Number 3 Priyanka Jain et al. In this paper, we have increased the performance of the antenna such as gain and return loss. We do some modification here without changing the dimension of the micro strip patch antenna. This great performance is achieved by modifying the structure of the patch antenna. The improved design gives us the return loss dB, which greatly helps to enhance the performance of the antenna so that it can be efficiently used in the application of X band. REFERENCE [1]Nayna,T.F.A. ; Baki,A.K.M. ; Comparative study of rectangular and circular microstrippatch antennas in X band International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information & Communication Technology (ICEEICT) [2] George Casu, Cătălin Moraru, Andrei Kovacs, Design and Implementation of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Communications (COMM), th International Conference on May 2014 IEEE [3] 2014Balanis C.A., Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Johon wiley and Son, [4] Dipak k. Bhagat, Kaushal S. Yadav, Pooja Banwani, Priyankajain, Shallygoyal COMARISION OF PATCH AND PATCH WITH CIRCULAR SLOT ANTENNA International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN Volume 3, Issue 7, October 2014 [5]John D. Kraus & Keith R. Carver Electromagnetics McGraw-Hill Inc.