A PHOTONIC SUBSTRATE U-SLOT DUAL BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS

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1 International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology (IJECET) Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2016, pp , Article ID: IJECET_07_06_004 Available online at Journal Impact Factor (2016): (Calculated by GISI) ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication A PHOTONIC SUBSTRATE U-SLOT DUAL BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS Anila Dhingra ECE Department, SGV University, Jaipur, India, Dr. K. C. Roy ECE Department, KITE, Jaipur, India Dr. O. S. Lamba ECE Department, SGV University, Jaipur, India. Govind Kumar ECE Department, YIT, Jaipur, India. ABSTRACT This work deals with the design and fabrication of U-slot antenna based on photonic substrate for radio frequency identification (RFID) and WLAN/Wi-MAX operating in the low microwave frequency range. In this paper, we developed a alphabetical U cut shape microstrip patch antenna for the performance comparison with the normal microstrip patch antenna using the spectrum analyzer. The designed antenna device consists of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for receiving and transmitting purpose. Microstrip patch element is designed on Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate of dielectric constant ε = 2.2 and thickness h = 1.575mm on CST antenna designing software. The photonic concept in substrate is achieved by using air holes (radius r 1 = 1mm and square lattice constant a = 7mm) in the substrate material. The return loss, radiation pattern & gain of this patch antenna show that it has auspicious characteristics for various wireless communication applications. Key words: CST, matching network, photonic substrate, U slot antenna, Wi-fi, wireless power transmission. Cite this Article: Anila Dhingra, Dr. K. C. Roy, Dr. O. S. Lamba and Govind Kumar, A Photonic Substrate U-Slot Dual Band Patch Antenna For UWB Applications, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp INTRODUCTION A microstrip patch antenna comprised of a radiating patch on one side of dielectric substrate and ground plane is mounted on the other side [1]. The radiating patch can be of any geometrical configuration like square, triangular, rectangle, elliptical, circular etc [2]. The material which has the dielectric constant in the 25 editor@iaeme.com

2 Anila Dhingra, Dr. K. C. Roy, Dr. O. S. Lamba and Govind Kumar range of 2.2 E r 12 can be used as substrate. A microstrip patch antenna finds tremendous attention because of several advantages on the comparison of the conventional antennas. Some of the merits of microstrip patch antenna are low profile, light weight, low volume, low cost and can easily be integrated with the microwave integrated circuits [3]. The photonic crystals (PhCs) have drawn a great agreement of attention because of its ability to control the emission and propagation of EM waves into a dielectric to an extent that was previously impossible [3]. It is also named as electromagnetic band gap material (EBG material). Now a day it has lots of applications in developing components for millimeter and microwave wave devices and also in the antenna designs. In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna based on photonic substrate having shape of alphabet U is being proposed. The proposed antenna is fed co-axially. The simulation is being done using CST software. 2. DESIGNING OF ANTENNA There are three essential parameters for designing of a rectangular MSP antenna. First one is the resonant frequency (f 0 ) of the antenna must be selected appropriately. The frequency range is 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for UWB applications and the design antenna must be able to operate within this range. The second parameter of antenna is substrate thickness plays an important role in the designing. The height of dielectric substrate (h) of the microstrip patch antenna with coaxial feed is to be used in S-band range frequencies. Hence, the height of dielectric substrate engaged in proposed design of antenna is h = 1.575mm. The dielectric substrate (ℇr) is the third important parameter of good antenna design. A thick dielectric substrate having low dielectric constant is desirable. This provides better radiation, larger bandwidth and better efficiency. The fringing field at the patch periphery is increased with the low value of dielectric constant and thus it increases the radiated power lower quality factor Q. The dielectric constant of the substrate material plays an important role in antenna designing. It is placed on infinite ground plane. The length is L g /2 and the patch starts to radiate, that typically incorporates 50 Ohm impedance. The antenna is ideally fed at the diverging edge with the dimension W because it provides acceptable polarization, but the disadvantages area unit the bogus radiation and much needed electric impedance matching, this is often as a result of 150 to 300 typical edge resistance of a MSA ranges. The antenna parameters antenna can be calculated by the transmission line method [4, 16] as exemplified below: 2.1. Width of the Patch The width of the antenna can be determined by: where c is speed of light in free-space. = 2 ( ) 2.2. Resonant Frequency = 2 [ +( ) ]! where m and n are modes along L and W respectively and length Le (Effective Length) is chosen as =+2" The actual length L of the patch is given. Due to fringing effect, the extended length is given as, 26 editor@iaeme.com

3 A Photonic Substrate U-Slot Dual Band Patch Antenna For UWB Applications "=0.412h ( +0.3* ( +, ) ( 0.258* +, = 2 = [ 1+12 h 2 2 ]1! Where, h = Height of dielectric substrate W = Width of the patch Ground Dimension For practical considerations, it is essential to have a fixed size ground plane. The size of the ground plane is much larger than the patch dimensions approximately six times. Hence, the ground plane dimensions would be given as: L g = 6H+L W g = 6H+W So it can be calculated L*W the dimension of the main patch and Lg*Wg the dimension of the ground plane Feed Location Design The antenna radiates when a feed is used to excite it by direct or indirect contact. The feed of microstrip antenna can be achieved by following configurations like microstrip line, coaxial, proximity coupling and aperture coupling. But for fabrication point of view microstrip line and the coaxial feeds are relatively achieved easily. Ease of use and the input impedance of the coaxial cable (typically 50 ohm) made wide use of coaxial probe feed. Several points are on the patch where it has 50 ohm impedance. First find out those points and do a matching with the input impedance. Feed point is decided at the point of radiating patch where maximum area of patch is covered. By changing feeding points antenna radiates at different radiating frequency. Coaxial probe feeding technique is used in this work Geometry of Patch Antenna The geometry of patch of the proposed antenna is shown in fig. 1 which is the front view of the structure which comprises of three elements and fig. 2 represents patch placed on photonic substrate. First element is designed as a rectangular with U-slot. Dimensions of rectangular shape and U-slot are (W 2 L 3 ) and (W 1 l u ) respectively, while dimension of below element is (W 1 l 2 ) with a cut of W c on the both side separated by W i = 1.5mm. The antenna is excited by using an offset 50 ohm microstrip line. The dimensions of the microstrip line and ground plane are (W t l 1 ) and (W l g ) respectively editor@iaeme.com

4 Anila Dhingra, Dr. K. C. Roy, Dr. O. S. Lamba and Govind Kumar Figure 1 The dimensions of proposed patch Figure 2 The patch placed on photonic substrate Table 1 Parameters And Values of Proposed Antenna Parameter Value(mm) Parameter Value(mm) W 50 L g 10 L 50 W i 1.5 W 2 20 W u 14 W 1 15 L u 3 L 2 10 r 5 W c 1 L x 1 W t 4.75 h L 1 8 L SIMULATION AND RESULTS The design and simulation of proposed antenna based on photonic substrate is done on CST software and get results on following parameters: 3.1. Return Loss Plot The simulation of input return loss is shown below in fig. 3. The fabricated antenna satisfies the 10-dB return loss requirement from 2.1 to 10GHz with two band notch obtained one located at GHz used 28 editor@iaeme.com

5 A Photonic Substrate U-Slot Dual Band Patch Antenna For UWB Applications for RFID/Bluetooth/WiMAX and for Wi-Fi. other notch is obtained at frequency ranging from GHz used Figure 3 Simulation of return loss characteristics for an optimized microstrip-fed antenna with photonic crystal as substrate (r 1 = 1mm, a = 7mm) Radiation Pattern The power distribution of antennaa radiation is represented by radiation pattern. It can be either directional or omni directional depends on the direction it spreads the power. (a) (b) Figure 4 Radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at (a) 2.4GHz and (b) 5.5GHz editor@iaeme.com

6 Anila Dhingra, Dr. K. C. Roy, Dr. O. S. Lamba and Govind Kumar D Polar Plot (a) (b) Figure 5 Represents 3D polar plot of radiation pattern of the radiating patch on photonic crystal substrate at freq: (a) 2.4GHz and (b) 5.5GHz 4. CONCLUSION The design, simulations and measurements of a patch antenna having photonic crystal substrate is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna can operate from 2.1 to 10GHz with two rejection bands around GHz and GHz. Sensible return loss and radiation pattern characteristics are achieved in the frequency band of interest which is very clear from the figure 4 and figure 5. The UWB antenna having photonic substrate can be used as directional antenna as gain increases in the one direction significantly. The Photonic Crystal substrate has also an advantage that it reduces the surface wave mode propagation. REFERENCE [1] W. C. Brown, The history of power transmission by radio waves, IEEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. MTT-32, no. 9, pp , Sep [2] B. H. Strassner and K. Chang, Microwave power transmission, in Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley, 2005, vol. 4, pp editor@iaeme.com

7 A Photonic Substrate U-Slot Dual Band Patch Antenna For UWB Applications [3] J. O. McSpadden and J. C. Mankins, Space solar power programs and microwave wireless power transmission technology, IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 3, no. 4, pp , Dec [4] G. Franceschetti, The new scientific scenario of power wireless transmission, in Proc. IEEE APSURSI, Toronto, ON, Canada, Jul , 2010, p. 1. [5] W. C. Brown and J. F. Triner, Experimental thin-film, etched-circuit rectenna, in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 1982, pp [6] [6] T. Yoo and K. Chang, Theoretical and experimental development of 10 and 35GHz rectennas, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 40, pp , June [7] P. Koert and J. T. Cha, Millimeter wave technology for space power beaming, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 40, pp , June 1992 [8] U. S. Modani, Raj Kumar Sharma, Avinash Garhwal, A compact U-slot dual band antenna for WLAN/Wi-MAX and RFID applications International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 10, October-2015 [9] J. O. McSpadden and K. Chang, A dual polarized circular patch rectifying antenna at 2.45 GHz for microwave power conversion and detection, in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 1994, pp [10] L. W. Epp, A. R. Khan, H. K. Smith, and R. P. Smith, A compact dual-polarized 8.51-GHz rectenna for high-voltage (50V) actuator applications, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 48, pp , Jan [11] Y. H. Suh and K. Chang, A circularly polarized truncated-corner square patch microstrip rectenna for wireless power transmission, Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 7, pp , Mar [12] N. shinohara and H. Matsumoto,"Experimental study of large rectenna array for mocrowave energy transmission IEEE Trans.microwave theory tech. vol. 46, pp , mar [13] J.O. McSpadden, F.E. Little, M.B. Duke, and A. Ignatiev, " An in-space wireless energy transmission exprriment," in Proc. IECEC Energy Conversion Engineering Conf., vol.1, Aug.1996, pp [14] K. Kai Chang, Microwavering Circuit and Antenna. New York: Wiley, [15] L.W. Epp. A. R. Khan, H. K. Smith, and R. P. Smith "A compact dual polarized 8.51GHz rectenna for high voltage (50 V) Actuator applications" IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.,vol.48, pp Jan [16] Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, 2 nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd [17] Priya Shukla, Aman Verma, Vidhushi, Neha and Kuldeep Singh Naruka, Dual Band Notched UWB Antenna with a T-Shaped Parasitic Strip and a Defected Ground Plane, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology (IJECET), 5(5), 2014, pp [18] Dr. Nagraj K. Kulkarni,A Novel U-Slot Circular Microstrip Antenna for Triple Band Operation. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 5(2), 2014,pp editor@iaeme.com