High Permittivity Design of Rectangular and Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for C-Band Applications
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1 , pp High Permittivity Design of Rectangular and Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for C-Band Applications Dr.K.Srinivasa Naik 1, Darimisetti Sai Kiran 1 and Dr.S.Aruna 2 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 1 Vignan s Institute of Information and Technology, Visakhapatnam, A.P, India nivas @gmail.com 2 Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, A.P, India aruna @gmail.com Abstract. A High permittivity design of Rectangular and Cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas is modeled for C-band applications. The collusion consists of a Rectangular and Cylindrical DRAs with a dielectric constant ε_r of 34(Dibarium nona titanate) excited by a T shaped microstrip feed line. The constructed antenna is placed on a ground plane with a size of mm3. The proposed DRAs offers a high gain of 10 db around the center frequency 4.79 GHz in RDRA and 5 db gain in CDRA around the center frequency 7.46 GHz simulated by using Ansys HFSS Electromagnetic Suite18.1 and gain of 5.03 around the center frequency 4.57 GHz and 4.71 db gain in CDRA around the center frequency 7.39 GHz simulated by using CST Studio Suite Keywords: Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs), Microstrip line feed, Ansys HFSS Electromagnetic Suite and CST Studio Suite 1 Introduction DRAs are mostly used in the microwave and millimeter wave communications for their several applications and they are having dielectric constant ranging from 10 to 100 which are mainly suitable in antenna designing applications [1]. These DRAs were proposed by Robert Richtmyer in 1939 and later on developed by S. A. Long in 1983.In DRA design, the implementation of the DRA geometry and various relative permittivity s can provide different simulation results [5]. Predominantly, DRAs can be initiated through a microstrip feed line to provide better bandwidth [6] and linearly polarized radiation characteristics and easier to fabricate the prototype design [3]. For designing the DRAs, the dimensions and dielectric constant of the resonator are chosen to function properly. By DRAs, we can avoid surface wave losses to increase the bandwidth, better polarization over than the microstrip patch antennas [11]. The DRAs can be designed easily for suitable applications in the required band of frequency. The Proposed work is used for many wireless communications, satellite communications, radar systems [10] and UWB Applications. The proposed antenna ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2017 SERSC
2 aims at providing applications for C-band [8]. The methods to improve the performance of DRAs by optimizing excitation techniques, presenting an air gap between the resonator and ground plane, modifying the resonator shapes and altering the different dielectric constants of the DRAs. Usually DRAs gives low gain value, but to get higher directivity and gain values, arrays of dielectric resonator are to be used. Cylindrical DRA involves a cylindrical shaped dielectric resonator (DR) with a height H c, radius R C, and dielectric constant ε r. The DR is etched on a ground plinth surface and fed by a microstrip line feed. Ease of fabrication and the ability to generate different modes in cylindrical DRA [2] and Rectangular DRA consists of a rectangular shaped dielectric resonator DR with a dielectric constant ε r. The dimensions of the rectangular DRA are width W r,length L r and height H r are etched on a designed plinth with a microstrip line feed and it gives more flexibility in design as compared to the cylindrical DRA and it is characterized by low cross-polarization level as compared to the cylindrical DRA [4]. (a) (b) Fig. 1. Coordinate arrangement of the proposed DRAs: (a) Top view of RDRA (b) Top view of CDRA DRAs are used in high range frequency applications due to a property of low metallic conductor losses [12]. Antenna characteristics having an impact on dielectric material properties of dielectric constant values and loss tangents. In this proposed work, Dibarium nona titanate used as a ceramic material with ferroelectric, piezo electric and pyro electric properties. These crystals are used in capacitors, electromechanical transducers and nonlinear optics. In this proposed work, geometry of rectangular and cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is designed, optimized and analyzed by using simulation software like Ansys HFSS and CST Studio Suite to get antenna parametric results like return loss, VSWR, Directivity and Gain values [13]. Copyright 2017 SERSC 35
3 2 DRA Design Considerations The coordinate arrangement of the proposed DRAs is constructed in Fig. 1. The antennas are incorporated with rectangular and cylindrical DRA fed by a T shaped microstrip line feed which is supported by a mm 3 substrate with relative permittivity of ε s = 4.4 of material FR-4 Epoxy. The RDRA with relative permittivity ε r = 34 and loss tangent tan δ = has a dimensions of length L r = mm, width W r = 22.5 mm, and a height H r = 5.55 mm respectively and CDRA has radius R c = 9 mm and Height H c = 6mm with relative permittivity ε r = 34 and loss tangent tan δ = A PEC conductor with a size of mm 3 is applied on the bottom plane of the FR-4 Epoxy substrate. Designed antenna has been acted through analysis for operations in C-band frequency range with the dimensions are aligned in below Table 1. Table 1. Dimensions of the Proposed Antennas Parameters Value/Dimension (mm) Parameters Value/Dimension (mm) ε r 34 L S 50 mm W r 11.9 mm H s 1.6 mm L r 22.5 mm W g 50 mm H r 5.55 mm L g 50 mm R C 9 mm H g mm H c 6 mm L f1 = L f2 15 mm W s 50 mm W f1 = W f2 3 mm 3 Numerical Analysis The lowest order mode TE111 field equations are used to design the RDRA structural dimensions to get theoretical resonant frequency of the desired dominant mode which are presented below in the equation (1). k z tan(k z d/2) = (ε r 1)k k z 2 (1) Where, k x 2 + k y 2 + k z 2 = ε r k 0 2 and k 0 = 2πf 0, k x = mπ W r, k y = nπ L r, k z = pπ 2H r Where, f 0 is the operating frequency andw r, L r, H r represents the Width, Length and Height of the rectangular dielectric resonator antenna respectively. The CDRA structural dimensions are represented below to get resonant frequency [7] in the equation (2). f r = (2.208 c 2π H c ε r + 1)[ ( R c H c ) ( R c H c ) 2 ] (2) 36 Copyright 2017 SERSC
4 Where, f r -Resonant frequency c - Velocity of light = m/sec R c -Radius of the CDRA H c -Height of the CDRA. These dielectric resonators are excited by a T shaped microstrip feed line to allocate wider bandwidth and better radiation patterns [9]. 4 Simulated Results In these DR antennas, the transmitted signal reflected energy is find through the Return Loss (impedance bandwidth S11) as shown in the figures 2-5, VSWR ratio is nothing but power reflected from the antenna, those results are shown in the figures 6-9, and Gain plots are shown in the figures A. Return Loss Fig. 2. Return Loss of RDRA using HFSS Fig. 3. Return Loss of CDRA using HFSS Copyright 2017 SERSC 37
5 Fig. 4. Return Loss of RDRA using CST Fig. 5. Return Loss of CDRA using CST B. VSWR Fig. 6. VSWR plot of RDRA using HFSS Fig. 7. VSWR plot of CDRA using HFSS 38 Copyright 2017 SERSC
6 Fig. 8. VSWR plot of RDRA using CST Fig. 9. VSWR plot of CDRA using CST C. Gain Fig. 10. Gain plot of RDRA using HFSS Fig. 11. Fig 11. Gain plot of CDRA using HFSS Copyright 2017 SERSC 39
7 Fig. 12. Gain plot of RDRA using CST Fig. 13. Gain plot of CDRA using CST Table 2. Performance comparison of the proposed DRAs between Antenna Parameters Parameters HFSS CST RDRA CDRA RDRA CDRA Dielectric Constant Resonating Frequency 4.79 GHz 7.46 GHz 4.57 GHz 7.39 GHz S dB dB dB dB VSWR Directivity 10 dbi 5 dbi 5.13 dbi 5.75 dbi Gain 10 dbi 5 dbi 5.02 dbi 4.70 dbi The above Table 2 shows the performance comparison of the proposed DRAs between Antenna Parameters. 40 Copyright 2017 SERSC
8 5 Conclusion The design of Rectangular and Cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna using T shaped microstrip feed line has been proposed. The presented DRAs will works in the range of 4-8 GHz frequency and a multi band configuration is presented in these DRAs. It consists of a rectangular and cylindrical DRAs excited by T shaped microstrip feed line. The proposed DRAs have a potential to work in wideband applications operating at C-band. As per the proposed design, HFSS results will give better than CST based results and RDRA gives best results than CDRA. By designing arrays and by altering the feed mechanisms through this DRAs, Directivity and Gain factor will increases. References 1. Richtmyer, R. D., Dielectric resonators," J. App. Phy., Vol.10, , Jun S. A. Long, M.W. McAllister, and L. C. Shen, The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-31, pp , May Petosa, Dielectric Resonator Antenna Handbook, Norwood: Artech House Inc., R. K. Mongia and A. Ittipiboon, Theoretical and experimental investigations on rectangular dielectric resonator antennas, IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 9, pp , Sep A. Petosa and S. Thirakoune, Rectangular dielectric resonator antennas with enhanced gain, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 4, pp , Apr Saed, M. and R. Yadla, Microstrip-fed low profile and compact dielectric resonator antennas, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 56, , De Young, C. S. and S. A. Long, Wideband cylindrical and rectangular dielectric resonator antennas, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, No. 1, , Rezaei, P., M. Hakkak, and K. Forooraghi, Dielectric resonator antenna for wireless LAN applications, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2, , July K. P. Esselle, A low-profile rectangular dielectric resonator antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, no. 9, pp , Copyright 2017 SERSC 41
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