NIST Building Penetration Measurements

Transcription

1 NIST Building Penetration Measurements Horizon West Apartments October, 26 Kate Remley, Bob Johnk, Chris Holloway, Galen Koepke, Dennis Camell, Chriss Grosvenor John Ladbury, David Novotny NIST Boulder, CO Contact: Phone: (33)

2 NIST Building Penetration Measurements Tests conducted Oct. 4-6, story brick and steel apartment building ingress into apartments on floors 2 and 7 detailed measurements in hallways on floors 2 and 7 Four types of tests: (1) Single-frequency (two receive sites) (2) UWB (3) Modulated-signal (4) 82.11j system (ITS) Work in support of COPS/SAFECOM network simulation studies, through NIST OLES FY6

3 Horizon West Layout hallway RX 1 RX 2

4 Test Set-ups: Outside

5 Test Set-ups: Inside

6 Single Frequency Data Data collection at: 16 MHz 22 MHz 45 MHz 9 MHz 1.8 GHz 2.4 GHz 4.95 GHz Transmitters carried through hallways, signals recorded continuously. Two types of receivers: (1) Spectrum analyzer (2) Communications receiver

7 Spectrum Analyzer (top), Communications Receiver (bottom) Horizon West - Site 1 Horizon West - Site 1 L1 1 L2 Apmt L2 N 1 L7 Apmt L7 S db -3 db Freq. = 98 MHz Ref. = dbm -5-6 Approx. noise fl. = -126 dbm time, [s] time, [s] HorizonWest Site 1, without stoping HorizonWest Site 1, without stoping attenuation from reference point (db) L sample numbers L2 Apmt L2 N Freq. = 98 MHz Ref. = dbm Approx. noise fl. = -84 dbm L3 S L6 N attenuation from reference point (db) L7 Apmt sample numbers Attenuation data for 98 MHz, receiver site 1 2 nd floor: ingress into apartment and entry into stairwell are marked L7 S

8 UWB Data Synthetic pulse provides time-delay, excess path loss Rx Antenna S 21 Optical Tx Tx Antenna Vector Network Analyzer Single-Mode Optical Fiber Tx Port Rx Port Optical Rx Apartment Building

9 Signal Processing Sequence Acquire magnitude/phase data as a function of stepped frequencies (48, frequencies) Filter, transform, gate data High resolution time-domain waveforms can be used to identify direct path & reflected components Waveforms can be gated to isolate desired scattering events Building penetration can be compared with antenna-toantenna references (mathematically corrected) to yield excess path loss Horizon West Penetration Frequency Averaged Results over 2 MHz Bandwidth

10 .12 8E E-5 Direct Coupling Received Signal (v) 4E-5-4E-5 Received Signal (v) 4E-5-4E-5-8E-5-8E Time (ns) Time (ns) Full Waveform Early Time Floor 7, Station 8 Waveform-After post-processing VNA data

11 Excess Path Loss (db) -6 Excess Path Loss (db) Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz) Broadband 1-7 GHz GHz Floor 7, Station 8 Excess Path Loss- After post-processing VNA data (reference & Penetration

12 Position 4 (2 MHz BW) Position 5 (2 MHz BW) Position 6 (2 MHz BW) Position 7 (2 MHz BW) Position 8 (2 MHz BW) Position 1 (2 MHz BW) Position 1 (2 MHz BW) noise -1 floor -2-3 Position 11 (2 MHz BW) Position 12 (2 MHz BW) Position (2 MHz BW) Position 12 (2 MHz BW) Position 1 (2 MHz BW) Position 2 (2 MHz BW) A **All numbered points are 5m apart Position 3 (2 MHz BW) Comparison of penetration (in db) from 1-18 GHz: 159' Floor 2 (black, top curve) Floor 7 (red, bottom curve) Antenna Tx Antenna

13 Position 4 (2 MHz BW) Penetration curves close up: -1 Floor 2 (black, top curve) Floor 7 (red, bottom curve) -2-3 Position 5 (2 MHz BW) Position 6 (2 MHz BW) Position 7 (2 MHz BW)

14 Modulated Signal Data Two types of data: (1) Digital data: OFDM 82.11a, QPSK modulation. (2) Multisine signal designed to emulate digital data. QPSK 2.4GHZ, Floor 2, Mark 1 Multisine 2.4GHZ, Floor 2, Mark QPSK 4.95GHZ, Floor 2, Mark Multisine 4.95GHZ, Floor 2, Mark Digital Multisine Measured spectral data from the modulated signals: transmitter inside, receiver outside

15 EVM for the digital data at specific points on floors 2 and noise A 159' **All numbered points are 5m apart 2.4 GHz EVM data (in percent): Floor 2: black, top data Floor 7: red, bottom data Antenna Tx Antenna

16 EVM for the digital data at specific points on floors 2 and 7 noise noise 4 noise noise noise noise noise noise A 159' **All numbered points are 5m apart 4.95 GHz EVM data (in percent): Floor 2: black, top data Floor 7: red, bottom data Antenna Tx Antenna