Characterizing Performance of Locating/Tracking Technologies for First Responders

Transcription

1 Precision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency Responders Workshop Characterizing Performance of Locating/Tracking Technologies for First Responders Nelson Bryner and David Stroup Fire Fighting Technology Group Building and Fire Research Laboratory August 6-7, 2007 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA

2 Locating / Tracking Performance Metrics Overview Develop performance requirements Characterize performance of RF Technology Signal Penetration into Apartment Building Corridor Transmission/RF-Linked PASS High Temperature RFID Tag Performance Standards Development NFPA 1800 Electronic Safety Equipment Fire Fighter

3 Location and Tracking Performance Metrics Characterizing performance What yardstick or metrics does one use to evaluate required performance? Establish measurement techniques Signal quality Signal penetration Develop representative test scenarios Building Materials Thermal environments Performance metrics passed to Standards Development Organizations NFPA, ASTM, NIJ

4 Electromagnetic Penetration Measurements of an Apartment Building using an Ultra-Wideband Measurement System (Bob Johnk, Dennis Camell, Chriss Grosvenor, Galen Koepke, John Ladbury, Kate Remley, David Novotny, Chris Holloway ) Tests conducted Oct. 5, story brick and steel apartment building apartments on floors 2 and 7 detailed measurements in hallways on floors 2 and 7 Work in support of COPS/SAFECOM network simulation studies, through NIST OLES FY06

5 Apartment Signal Penetration Study T

6 Signal Penetration versus Location T

7 NIST Building Penetration Measurements Building Penetration Metric Compare transmission into a building with a corrected free-space reference NIST VNA based system looks promising for short range UWB propagation measurements Examine systematic shifts in penetration Frequency dependence Location dependence High resolution td waveforms useful for channel modeling Useful freq domain parameters excess path loss, effects of shadowing, multipath, etc.

8 Corridor Penetration Performance (Kate A. Remley, Galen Koepke, Amir Aslani) Abandoned Mine Oakland CA RF Linked Robot Search/Rescue Track performance Signal Penetration RX

9 P avg [dbm] Corridor Penetration Study 0 #5 #4 #3 # time [sec] MHz Received Signal (dbm) Tunnel B Measured Theory Adj Theory Adj Theory Distance (m) Model predicts wave guiding effects of corridor: more complicated than simple attenuation Relevant for PASS testing?

10 Corridor Penetration Preliminary Findings RF transmission down corridor/tunnel Not just simple attenuation Other losses Represent different effect of building configuration

11 RF-Based PASS Performance (Kate A. Remley, Galen Koepke, Amir Aslani, Nelson Bryner) Objective Compare RF-based PASS device signal strength time-delay spread (multipath) with and without building penetration with and without repeater

12 RF-Based PASS Performance Wing 4 19 ft ft 50 ft 50 ft ft 50 ft 50 ft ft Wing 6

13 With Building Penetration, Straight Path Top: No repeater Bottom: With repeater Light color: Not tested, presumed good

14 RF-Linked PASS Systems Preliminary Findings Repeater extends range Building penetration generally successful Corridor penetration can present difficulties especially when coupled with building penetration Multipath delay spread not significant for spread spectrum signal for moderately sized corridors

15 RFID Tag Thermal Performance (Nelson Bryner, Randy Lawson, David Stroup) Objective Expose passive RFID Tags -full scale fire tests -lab scale fire tests Track performance -before and after -real-time Radiant Panel Tests

16 RFID Tag Thermal Performance Passive RFID Tags Exposed & Protected

17 Sixteen Story Building of Opportunity RFID Tags Exposed To realistic fire conditions

18 RFID Tag Thermal Performance Exposed & Protected Passive RFID Tags

19 RFID Tag Thermal Performance Field Tests -Gas temperatures at same elevation exceeded 250 C -Tags- both Class 1 Gen 1 and Class 2 Gen 2 Lab Scale Tests -Class 1 Gen 1 Tags Able to read up to 60 C -Class 2 Gen 2 Able to read up to 120 C

20 Location and Tracking Performance Standards Apartment Signal Penetration NIST Boulder Developing techniques to characterize signal penetration Penetration Metric Corridor Signal Penetration NIST Boulder Demonstrated effects of tunnels/corridors RF Linked PASS Systems NIST Boulder Demonstrated attenuation due to building configuration RFID Tags Survived Thermal Class III conditions Can operate in Thermal Class 1 and 2

21 Locating / Tracking Performance Metrics Develop performance requirements Characterize performance of RF Technology Signal Penetration into Apartment Building Corridor Transmission/RF-Linked PASS High Temperature RFID Tag Performance Standards Development NFPA 1800 Electronic Safety Equipment Fire Fighter

22 Locating and Tracking Performance Standards Thank you. Questions? Nelson Bryner David Stroup

23 Locating and Tracking Performance Standards Contact Information Signal Penetration in Apartment Bob Johnk, Dennis Camell, Chriss Grosvenor, Galen Koepke, John Ladbury, Kate Remley, David Novotny, Chris Holloway NIST Time Domain Fields Project Corridor Penetration Kate A. Remley, Galen Koepke, Amir Aslani NIST Electromagnetics Division 818 Boulder, CO RF-Linked PASS Systems Kate A. Remley, Galen Koepke, Amir Aslani NIST Electromagnetics Division 818 Boulder, CO