Test Methods and Standards for RF Based Emergency Equipment
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1 Test Methods and Standards for RF Based Emergency Equipment Precision Indoor Personnel Location and Tracking for Emergency Responders International Technology Workshop August 1-, 011 Kate Remley, William Young, and Jacob Healy (PREP) The National Institute of Standards and Technology Presented by: William Young Title: Electronics Engineer Office: Electromagnetics Division Phone: (0)
2 Overview Develop performance metrics and standard transmission test methods for radio-frequency (RF)-based equipment used by emergency responders. Includes current and new technologies such as personal alert safety systems (PASS), handheld radios, and position locator beacons. Methodology: Collect and interpret field test data from representative emergency responder environments. Develop lab-based test methods appropriate for fire service and/or other response agency standards. Serve as RF expert on standards committees. Assist technical committees with language for standards.
3 Objectives & Goals The methods developed will be applied to test the RF communications links of other RF-based emergency equipment such as locator beacons and urban search and rescue robots. To illustrate the methodology, we discuss RF performance metrics and testing protocols for RF based PASS devices and other RF-based emergency equipment.
4 Field Tests: Collect Baseline Data Signal penetration, variability, and multipath in complex structures Representative difficult responder radio environments: Office buildings Apartments Processing facilities Urban settings etc. Apartments Office Building Convention Center Refinery High-rise Office Building
5 Field Tests: Measurement Methods Narrowband Continuous recording of signal penetration throughout structure 0 MHz, 10 MHz, MHz, 0 MHz, 900 MHz, 1. GHz,. GHz, and.9 GHz Wideband Signal penetration at select locations Transform for time response (multipath) 00 MHz to 1 GHz, 1 GHz to 1 GHz Performance testing of wireless devices Deploy RF PASS, wireless robots at same locations Correlate performance to channel characteristics
6 Performance Metrics: Link to Field Test Data
7 Developing Standards: Technical Approach/Issues/Challenges Lab based tests: Use of portable test chambers to replicate field test data Develop performance verification tests Revision of NFPA 19: Task group on RF PASS formed (our suggestion) Draft language composed test methods for RF PASS unify terminology in standard to include RF PASS test chamber
8 Fundamental Lab Test: Signal Attenuation Replicate path loss measured in field tests Motion alarm (remote distress alarm) Evacuation alarm (from base to remote unit) Test Results: Devices M1 & M Attenuation Test Concept Anechoic chambers shield RF PASS from base station Specified path is loss set by attenuator, other path components Test: Reception of alarm signals under specified path loss Antenna Gain Free Space Loss Cable Loss External Attenuator Cable Loss Antenna Gain Free Space Loss RF PASS (e.g., SCBA on its side) Base Station Two of the test chambers
9 Number of Repeats Number of Repeats Lab Tests: Including RF Interference Interference Test: replicate interference from other RF devices Moderate interference: Evacuate is not reliable with about 0 db less path loss. 10 Lower-level interference 0-10 sec 10-0 sec 0-0 sec over 0 sec 0 1 Relative Path Loss db Motion alarm (remote distress alarm) Evacuation alarm (from base to remote unit) High interference: Evacuate is not reliable with about 0 db less path loss. 10 Higher-level interference 0-10 sec 10-0 sec 0-0 sec over 0 sec 0 1 Relative Path Loss db 9
10 Lab Based Reflective Tests: Using a Reverberation Chamber Small chamber placed in a large chamber Eliminates the direct path between the two antennas (wireless devices) Chamber Basics: Fields in a Metal Box with Large Scatterer (Paddle) Nested Chamber Large, outer Chamber Paddle Large changes in locations where very high field values occur Large changes in locations where very low field values occur Antenna Antenna 10
11 Bulkhead side; cm Bulkhead side; cm Lab Based Tests: Acceptance and Adoption. Issue: Will RF PASS language be adopted? Complicated concepts/procedures. Can be expensive. Test Field Uniformity of Chamber Example Resolution(?): Make language, test methods as simple and inexpensive as possible. Results at each grid point are averaged over all three field components. Normalized to 0 db = minimum measured field strength Relative power,(db) Back face (opposite of door); cm 900 MHz patch antenna Circularly polarized Field Uniformity of Chamber Maximum variation over center 1 (0 cm) of table: db +/-0. db for patch, db +/-0.dB for horn System 1: portable 9 unit Relative power,(db) Back face (opposite of door); cm Broadband horn Polarization is evident System : base station
12 Products/Accomplishments Key outcomes and deliverables: General test methods for wireless devices used in public-safety applications Straightforward to conduct Inexpensive Accurately represents device performance in expected responder environments Publications and presentations: Kate A. Remley, Standardized Testing of RF-Based PASS, presentation at NFPA Electronic Safety Equipment meeting, San Diego, CA, Jan Kate A. Remley, Michael R. Souryal, William F. Young, Daniel G. Kuester, David R. Novotny, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri, Interference Tests for 900 MHz Frequency-Hopping Public-Safety Wireless Devices, to be presented at the IEEE EMC Symposium, August 011. Major Accomplishments: RF PASS Task Group formed. Agreed on proposed language for standard. Task Group, includes test labs and manufacturers, key to acceptance of RF test methods. 1
13 Future Plans Continue attending NFPA Electronic Safety Equipment meetings as RF expert. Refine and further validate test methods Reflective environment test Multihop test Develop similar test methods for other RF-based emergency equipment. 1
William F. Young. This work was sponsored by the Public Safety Communications Research Lab of NIST, under Dereck Orr, Program Manager.
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