Geo-Magnetic Disturbance Analysis of HV and EHV Grids

Transcription

1 Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Modeling, Simulation, And Optimization for the 21st Century Electric Power Grid Proceedings Fall Geo-Magnetic Disturbance Analysis of HV and EHV Grids Roger Dugan EPRI Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Roger Dugan, "Geo-Magnetic Disturbance Analysis of HV and EHV Grids" in "Modeling, Simulation, And Optimization for the 21st Century Electric Power Grid", M. Petri, Argonne National Laboratory; P. Myrda, Electric Power Research Institute Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2013). This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at ECI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modeling, Simulation, And Optimization for the 21st Century Electric Power Grid by an authorized administrator of ECI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact

2 Geo-Magnetic Disturbance Analysis of HV and EHV Grids Roger C. Dugan Senior Technical Executive, EPRI Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization for the 21 st Century Electric Power Grid Conference October 21-25, 2012 Lake Geneva, WI

3 EPRI GMD Research Sponsors AEP BPA CenterPoint ConEdison DOE Duke Energy Corp Entergy Exelon Corporation First Energy NERC NYPA Southern Company Tri-State G&T TVA United Illuminating 2

4 Geomagnetic Storm and Electric Power System Solar Flare Induced DC Voltage GIC flow Effects on Power System Monitoring (NOAA) Source: Siemens PTI Half-Cycle Saturation 3 Increased VAR losses Increased Harmonics Increased Hotspot Temp.

5 Geomagnetic Storms Solar Cycle: maximum in solar activity that takes place approximately every eleven years Large geomagnetic storms can occur with smaller cycles. The largest geomagnetic storms on record occurred during smaller-than-average cycles. Electric utilities need to plan not only for Solar Cycles, but any GMD event that can occur. Electric utilities will have hours to 2-day advance notice of geomagnetic storm. [ NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) ] 4

6 Overview of GMD Research Activities Refinement and Enhancement Forecasting Scenario Definition Modeling Mitigation Risk Management Industry Awareness Vulnerability Assessment Measurement Outputs Photo Sources: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center; SOHO (ESA & NASA) 5

7 Creating Scenario Definition Rough visual extrapolation gives 1/100 year 10-second amplitude of 20 V/km Source: Statistical Occurrence of Modeled Geoelectric Field in Quebec (Pulkkinen et al., 2008) 6

8 Effect of Latitude and Geology on Electric Field Gradient E/5 Conductive E Resistive High Latitude Low Latitude 55 Degrees E E/10 Geo-Magnetic Latitude Contours 7

9 Geology 8

10 GIC Induced from GMD Activity Source: National Weather Service, NERC GMD Workshop 2011 Report 9

11 GIC Conduction Paths 10

12 Drivers of GIC Flow (PowerWorld Display) 11

13 Modeling of GIC Flows Scenario Definition Calculate Earth Surface Electric Field Earth Conductivity Run OpenDSS Software GIC Flows Power System Topology With DC Resistance 12

14 System Planning Studies for Vulnerability Assessment GIC Currents from OpenDSS Develop Transformer Models Power System Topology with AC Impedance System Planning Studies (e.g., PowerWorld or PSS E) Transformer Vulnerability Power System Vulnerability 13

15 Sunburst Network GIC Measurement: Halloween Storms of October 29, 2003 Neutral DC (A) :00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 UT 14

16 Developing and Validating Transformer Models OpenDSS (GIC): Predicted GIC Sunburst Measurement Network: Actual GIC Develop detailed model of one or two transformer types Ex: 3-phase, 3-limb, core type, Model ABC Ex: 3-phase, 7-limb, core type, Model XYZ Test actual transformers to validate modeling methodology (Measure harmonics, VARS, temperature, etc.) 3-phase, 3-limb, core type, Model ABC 3-phase, 7-limb, core type, model XYZ Electrical Thermal Electrical Thermal For each transformer type, model a handful of different transformers of that type (e.g., variations in number of turns, cooling systems, etc.) 3-phase, 3-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, ABC 3-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, DEF 3-limb, core type, Model GHI 3-phase, 5-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, JKL 3-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, MNO 3-limb, core type, Model PQR 3-phase, 7-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, STU 3-limb, core type, Model 3-phase, VWX 3-limb, core type, Model AAB Filter these models Select the most conservative result for each type for system modeling and transformer vulnerability analysis 15

17 Transformer Half-Cycle Saturation from GIC Harmonics Heating Increased Vars NERC GMD Workshop April

18 GIC Test Case IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery Oct

19 GIC Test Case One Line Diagram Purpose: Provide a benchmark for software tools that compute GICs in HV/EHV networks 18

20 GIC Test Case Hypothetical Geography 500 kv Sub 2 Sub 7 Sub 8 Sub 3 345kV Sub 1 Sub 6 Sub 4 Sub 5 19

21 Compensating for Earth Curvature V = E L + E L N N E E L N = ( cos ( 2 φ ) ) lat L E = ( cos 2φ ) cosφ long 20

22 Special Models for GIC Calculation - Transformers 2-winding Delta-Wye 3-winding Wye-Delta-Wye Autotransformer w/ Delta Tertiary 21

23 Special Models for GIC Calculations - Lines R dc GMD source appears in series with line resistance R dc V V = E L + E L N N E E V R dc V OpenDSS Simulations are performed at 0.1 Hz 22

24 OpenDSS Script GIC Test Case is provided with the standard installation Search for OpenDSS Described in the User Manual (snippet of script): 23

25 Mitigating GMD Effects Define Optimal Operating Strategies (1, 2, 3) Model Best Practices: What-if? Analyses Using OpenDSS (GIC) and Power Flow Models Timeframes: 1.In Advance 2.Warning ( a few days) 3.Alert (hours) Define and Assess Hardware Retrofits (1) Define Equipment Procurement Standards (1) Assess Effectiveness in Actual GMDs Integrate Into Risk Management Strategy Spares Strategies (STEP, RecX, SEDTF) (1) Refine and Prioritize 24

26 Neutral Blocking Capacitors Hydro-Quebec Transenergie Interconnection 25

27 Questions? 26

28 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity 27