LFC/AGC Nordic and European perspective. Exchange of balancing services international workshop Jan 2011 Whitley Gjerde
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1 LFC/AGC Nordic and European perspective Exchange of balancing services international workshop Jan 2011 Whitley Gjerde
2 Contents Nordic Frequency quality Nordic reserve dimensioning project Nordic pilot Nordic and CE configuration alternatives Nordic and CE state of play January 21, REF - DW SR FOU
3 NORDIC - frequency quality to 2010 Weekly over frequency minutes Result cumulative Nordic Target cumulative Weekly under frequency minutes January 21, REF - DW SR FOU
4 NORDIC - frequency quality trend Number of incidents per month 1200 Frequency quality is currently ~ 10,000 min/yr (800x12) in 96 it was 1,000 min/yr The technical definition of frequency reserves set after studies There are no longer satisfactory reserves to stabilize NSA frequency! Increased cross border flow out of the NSA and rapid changes in plans around hour shifts. aug.95 aug.96 aug.97 aug.98 aug.99 aug aug 02.aug 03.aug 04.aug 05.aug 06.aug 07.aug 08.aug 09.aug 10.aug 11.aug January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR FOU 4
5 NORDIC sources of frequency pollution ƒ in Hz NORMAL OPERATION DISTURBANCE Oscilations Normal Op. Hour shift SECONDARY RESERVE ROLE Illustration graph only contribution % under investigation January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR RGN 5
6 NORDIC future frequency quality if no SR! Minutes outside band per month % 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.3% 2.1% % of time on average outside band If we do nothing by end 2013 could have an average of 3,2% and a range +/- 0,6% (peak. 3,8%) % % % % 400 0,9% 05.des 06.apr 06.aug 06.des 07.apr 07.aug 07.des 08.apr 08.aug 08.des 09.apr 09.aug 09.des 10.apr 10.aug 10.des 11.apr 11.aug 11.des 12.apr 12.aug 12.des 13.apr 13.aug 13.des KEY: TRENDS Best case Worst case Based on actual data from 1995 to July January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR RGN 6
7 NORDIC - conclusions The Nordic market has developed substantially in the last 10 years and the reserves solutions to ensure balance have been technically static Automatic secondary reserves are key to securing system security in the Nordics Shorter planning resolutions would also assist Statnett has had a project since April 2009 and some secondary reserves will be in the system in It is technically and commercially complex The Nordic system is 6000 MW/Hz frequency response. Therefore an imbalance has a 500% greater frequency fall in Nordic than in Europe. This requires a more rapid SR and not just a copy of the CE solutions. In addition we have a common Tertiary reserve market (manual activated) which is well functioning and liquid. Without secondary reserves there is little possibility to increase interconnection capacities to CE. January 21, REF - DW SR FOU
8 NORDIC reserve dimensioning The oscillations around 50Hz are due to short term imbalances between production and load more severe around hour shifts Primary reserve arrests the fall, sometimes below Infringing the outage reserves. In the red zone below 49.9 Hz we have insufficent reserves to counter a major outage. More than 175 hours a year the Nordic sytem has insufficient reserves. Note: TR and SR Tc = time constant for activation January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR RGN 8
9 NORDIC - review of automatic reserves project work flow A.1.1 Collecting information A.1.2 Approach for modeling A.1.3 Problem analysis A.2.1 Draft product combinations Work Package B: Volumes A.2.2 Definition of products B.1 Draft method to size reserves B.2 Analysis of reserve volumes A.2.3 Proposal for technical requirements B.3 Volumes and final method sizing January 21, REF - DW SR RGN
10 NORDIC simulated frequency result A typical day (23/3/09) based on a Matlab simulation. With SR unlimited* in blue against actual in grey existing F in Hz Operating Level HVDC ramping effect * Utilised max +980 and -580 MW 06:00 12:00 18:00 Time (Hours) January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR FOU 10
11 NORDIC - pilot test works! Automatic activation of Tonstad G5 based on NSA frequency with 15% of SR. MW 250 Filtered ACE Frekvens ,1 50,05 Hz :45:50 10:48:20 10:50:50 10:53:20 10:55:50 10:58:20 11:00:50 11:03:20 11:05:50 11:08:20 11:10:50 11:13:20 11:15:50 11:18:20 11:20:50 11:23:20 11:25:50 11:28:20 11:30:50 11:33:20 11:35:50 11:38:20 11:40:50 11:43:20 11:45:50 11:48:20 11:50:50 11:53:20 11:55:50 11:58:20 12:00: , :45:50 10:47:30 10:49:10 10:50:50 10:52:30 10:54:10 10:55:50 10:57:30 10:59:10 11:00:50 11:02:30 11:04:10 11:05:50 11:07:30 11:09:10 11:10:50 11:12:30 11:14:10 11:15:50 11:17:30 11:19:10 11:20:50 11:22:30 11:24:10 Setpoint 11:32:30 11:30:50 11:29:10 11:27:30 11:25:50 11:34:10 11:35:50 11:37:30 Actual MW 11:45:50 11:44:10 11:42:30 11:40:50 11:39:10 11:47:30 11:49:10 11:50:50 11:52:30 11:54:10 11:55:50 11:57:30 11:59:10 12:02:30 12:00:50 Time 49,9 January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR FOU 11
12 NORDIC and CE configuration comparision Different configurations MODES Princple FRR DK FIN NO SE Automatic ordering from one master FRR system. A second system as backup.( at SN or SvK) 1. Central controller with back-up controllers all based on Nordic System frequency LFC Automatic ordering from 4 stand alone LFC systems 2. Solution in CE each country holds its cross border flows to zero in normal operation LFC LFC Automatic ordering from 4 cooperating stand alone LFC systems Automatic ordering from 16 cooperating LFC systems 3. Development of 2 in German grid area between TSO to limit up regulation on one side of a border and down on the other side. Operational since March A system of LFCs in each price area is a further development of the German Grid Control January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR FOU 12
13 NODIC and CE - State of play NORDIC CONTINENTAL EUROPE Simulation indicate a ramp of under 3 minutes is required. Guideline requires a delivery in 15Min ramp and allows pool Synchronous system control necessary to maintain TR market National control based on maintaining planned flows over borders Activation every 10s but a block of 10MW is proposed at start Activation time varies but block of 1MW is prevalent ENTSOE forming harmonized criteria for automatic reserves response and dimensioning. January 21, 2011 REF - DW SR FOU 13
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