Quanta Technology Advancing the Grid. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) BGE Technology - Application Cases January 4, 2008 Q U A N T A SERVI CES

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1 National Conference of State Legislatures The Forum for America s Ideas April 2011 National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners Q U A N T A SERVI CES Quanta Technology Advancing the Grid Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) BGE Technology - Application Cases January 4, 2008 November 2007 Dr. Aty Edris Sr. Director and Executive Advisor aedris@quanta-technology.com

2 Global Reach - National Presence! Quanta Technology HQ Quanta Technology Offices Quanta Presence Quanta Technology Projects Page 2

3 Power Flow Equation P V 1δ 1 T r a n s m is s io n L in e P = V 2δ 2 X V 1V 1 2 X s in (δ 1 -δ 2 ) Thyristor Gate Turn-Off Edris 3

4 Shunt Reactive Power Compensation-Response Speed Breaker-based Thyristor-based Converter-based Breaker delay 2-3 Cycles 1-2 Cycles MSC / MSR Mechanical Switched Capacitors / Reactors Switchgear Capacitors Reactors 50 MVAr 500 SVC Static Var Compensator Thyristor Valve(s) Control & Protection Transformer Capacitors Reactors 50 MVAr 800 STATCOM Static Synchronous Compensator GTO/IGBT Valves Control & Protection Transformer DC Capacitors 50 MVAr 800 ~ ~ ~

5 Tyristor-based versus Converter-based Controller Cost Structure (25%) Higher Cost Better Performance Versatile Functionality Lower Cost Limited Performance Single Functionality Converter- Based $ $ $ $ $ Thyristor- Based $ $ $ $ Cost Breakdown?? Low Cost High Power Switch 5

6 Smarter Power Electronics-based Dynamic Voltage Support Smarter (Converter-Based Technology) Converter-based Controllers Superior performance Versatile functionality Smaller footprint Smart (Thyristor-Based Technology) Thyristor switched and/or controlled capacitors/reactors Limited performance Limited functionality Large footprint

7 Power Electronics-Based Transmission Controller -- Real Estate Thyristor-Based Technology (SVC) Converter-Based Technology (STATCOM) 30%- 40% Smaller

8 Converter-Based Technology Provides Fast and Transient Free V and Q Control M 50 Mvar Inductive 50 Mvar Capacitive M

9 Voltage Control Voltage Fluctuation 0.2kV With STATCOM 6 hrs

10 Voltage-Sourced Converter A Building Block for New Transmission Controllers V o Transm Transm ission ission line line Two-Level Switching Gate Turn Off Switch GTO, GCT, IGBT L V L V 0 V 0 II Transformer inductance Voltage sourced Sourced inverter Inverter DC DC capacitor Voltage sou rce converter w ith controlled output voltage If V L =V 0, I = 0 If V L <V 0, I = capacitive If V L >V 0, I = inductive V V d c d c Pulse-Width Modulation Three-Level Switching Edris

11 Voltage-Sourced Converter A Building Block for New Transmission Controllers Edris

12 Example of Field Application of Converter-Based Technology The Convertible Static Compensator installed at NYPA s Marcy substation Relieving Major Transmission Bottleneck Marcy Bus BR12 New Scotland line TR-SE2 BR11 Coopers Corners line TR-SE1 TR-SH LV1 LV2 MOD-1 CS-1 MOD-2 CS-2 MOD-3 MOD-4 MOD-5 MOD-6 M M M M M M Thyristor Bypass #1 Thyristor Bypass #2 SWDC1 Transmission bottleneck at Marcy Substation 2x 100 MVA Convertible Static Compensatora smart solution M

13 NYPA s Marcy Convertible Static Compensator Smart Technology Relieving Transmission Bottlenecks Relief of major transmission bottleneck Strong dynamic voltage support at Marcy has resulted in increase of transmission capacity by about 200 MW, approximately enough power for about 200,000 homes. Introduction of unprecedented Smart controllability and flexibility in transmission grids

14 Example of Applied Converter-Based Technology Increased Power Transfer Capability and Improved Voltage Quality Big Sandy 138 kv To Tri-State Baker 345 kv To 765 kv Logan 2 x 160 MVA Inez UPFC 138 kv UPFC Series UPFC Shunt Inez 2000 MW SHUNT TFMR INTERMEDIATE TRANSFORMER SPARE SHUNT TFMR INTERMEDIATE TRANSFORMER INVERTER 1 INVERTER 2 SERIES TFMR Beaver Creek Clinch River & TVA SVC John s Creek Sprigg 14

15 Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC): Improves Quality and Efficiency of Power Delivery Increase of power transfer capability by 100 MW UPFC Frees up transmission capacity for years of load growth on AEP s transmission system. Reduction of real power losses by more than 24 MW, which is equivalent to a reduction of CO 2 emissions by about 85,000 ton/year. 15

16 New BtB tie Technology Interconnecting the US Grid to the Mexican Grid Hamilton Road Asherton 138 kv To Mexico Eagle Pass Distribution Network System Mexico 1 System 2 V 1 P V 2 US B a c k - t o - B a c k A s y n c h r o n o u s /S y n c h r o n o u s T ie Reliable Power Delivery with Unprecedented Control Flexibility 16

17 VSC Back-to-Back Concept HVDC Light/HVDC Plus Technology System 1 System 2 V 1 V P 12 - Smart Idea B a c k - t o - B a c k A s y n c h r o n o u s /S y n c h r o n o u s T ie Transmission line line L V L V 0 V 0 Transformer II inductance Transmission line line L V L V 0 V 0 Transformer II inductance Voltage sourced Sourced inverter Inverter Voltage sourced Sourced inverter Inverter V V d c d c DC DC capacitor V V d c d c DC DC capacitor 17

18 Grid Shock Absorbers Concept The idea! Area 1 MW Area 2 V 1 V 2 V Coupling Transformer Coupling Transformer AT AC TERMINAL 1 Q1 V g Generator 1 ac terminal V V V gc ga gb System variables V g Generator 2 ac terminal V V V gc ga gb AT AC TERMINAL 2 Q2 P 1 < 0 Q 1 > 0 P 1 > 0 Q1 > 0 P 2 < 0 Q 2 > 0 P 2 > 0 Q2 > 0 P 1 < 0 Q 1 < 0 P 1 > 0 Q 1 < 0 P1 Control P 2 < 0 Q 2 < 0 P 2 > 0 Q 2 < 0 P2 MVA limit DC terminal C V dc + Switching converter Parameter setting References Switching I converter dc P 1 = -P 2 + C V dc DC terminal MVA limit Voltage supported buses 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 18

19 P12 B a c k - t o - B a c k A s y n c h r o n o u s /S y n c h r o n o u s T ie Segmentation with Grid Shock Absorbers Proof of Concept on the Eastern Interconnection (EI) System 1 System 2 V 1 P 12 V B a c k - t o - B a c k A s y n c h r o n o u s /S y n c h r o n o u s T ie D A E Ontario Hydro Quebec A New England B B System 1 System 2 V 1 V D New York C Outside World PJM C Voltage supported buses Eastern Interconnection

20 Segmentation with Grid Shock Absorbers Proof of Concept 2003 Blackout Lights on

21 Power Flow Control and System Dynamics HVDC and FACTS have the ability to help in rerouting power to eliminate transmission bottlenecks and prevent a potential of cascading outages situation. Smart Transmission Grid Increased transmission capacity Improved flexibility and controllability of transmission grid Reliability Flexibility Accessibility Controllability Bulk power transmission in the GW range over distances of 1,000 kilometers and more Reduction in CO 2 emissions, grid access of large wind, hydro, and solar power plants Increased robustness and reliability of transmission grid

22 Thanks for your attention Q U A N T A SERVI CES Quanta Technology Advancing the Grid BGE November 2007 January 4, 2008 Dr. Aty Edris Sr. Director and Executive Advisor aedris@quanta-technology.com Edris