OPERATING PROCEDURE. Table of Contents

Transcription

1 Table of Contents PURPOSE CAISO DISPATCHER RESPONSIBILITIES... 2 Monitor Loads and Generators... 2 Monitor Balancing Areas... 2 Operate CAISO Controlled Grid Voltage Equipment... 3 Voltage Schedules... 4 CAISO Planning PARTICIPATING ENTITY RESPONSIBILITIES... 5 Participating Generator... 5 Participating Load/UDCs... 6 Participating Transmission Owners (PTOs) GENERAL VOLTAGE/VAR CONTROL GUIDANCE... 8 Adjusting Voltage, VARs, or Power Factors... 8 Other measures... 9 Voltage Guidelines... 9 Voltage Schedules... 9 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Operationally Affected Parties Responsibilities References Policy Definitions Version History TECHNICAL REVIEW APPROVAL Purpose Outlines the methods for maintaining acceptable voltage levels and VAR flow on the CAISO Controlled Grid. Page 1 of 13

2 1.0 CAISO Dispatcher Responsibilities Monitor Loads and Generators The CAISO dispatcher conducts the following actions as necessary: Step Action 1 Monitor Loads and Generators to verify that the Grid is operated at the appropriate voltage level. 2 Verify that each Participating Entity is complying with Voltage Support requirements. 3 Coordinate adjustments to prevent offsetting or competing Voltage Support measures. 4 When Then Notified of the loss of an Notify the applicable PTO of the status of automatic voltage the device (the TO will direct the regulator control (AVR), Generator Operator to maintain or change And the SC has not either its voltage schedule or its Reactive notified the PTO, Power schedule as appropriate). Monitor Balancing Areas The CAISO dispatcher conducts the following actions as necessary: Step Action 1 Monitor the interface points between the CAISO Controlled Grid and interconnections with Balancing Areas to confirm that the interconnected power system is operated at the appropriate voltage level with acceptable VAR exchange. 2 Coordinate adjustments with interconnected Balancing Areas. 3 Monitor State Estimator results for accuracy and to ensure that the CAISO Controlled Grid remains within the appropriate voltage parameters Page 2 of 13

3 Operate CAISO Controlled Grid Voltage Equipment The CAISO dispatcher conducts the following actions as necessary: Step Action 1 Maintain operational control of the Voltage Support equipment, And request additional Voltage Support as required. 2 Prior to requesting that Participating Generation Units provide Voltage Support,Dispatch Must-Run units first. 3 Coordinate the use of Voltage Support equipment among PTO s, UDC s, Generators, and other Balancing Areas in order to: Ensure that Participating Entities maintain appropriate Voltage Schedule[s], Ensure that Participating UDCs maintain reactive power flow at Grid interface points within the power factor band of 0.97 lag and 0.99 lead, Coordinate switching of Voltage Support equipment, Ensure that Participating Generators operate Generation within the power factor band of 0.90 lag and 0.95 lead, unless otherwise required by the CAISO, Coordinate events and changes that impact the Voltage Support equipment availability, reliability, or ability to operate within the power factor band, Ensure that the Grid provides the appropriate reactive supply and reserves to the interconnected power system, Coordinate/optimize Voltage Schedules and VAR flows between Balancing Areas for system stability. Page 3 of 13

4 Voltage Schedules Refer to the Participating Entities Voltage/Var Schedules under their applicable Transmission Owner Procedures: UDC Procedure PG&E O-59 SCE SOB 017 SDG&E TMC 1005 LADWP Operating Bulletin 31 SMUD PSE 104 CAISO Planning Conduct power flow studies and determine future Voltage/VAR requirements of the Grid. Page 4 of 13

5 2.0 Participating Entity Responsibilities Participating Generator The Participating Generator operates by the following: Step Action 1 Operate Generation within established protocols and procedures, specifically normal MW/VAR capacity profiles, at the applicable Voltage Schedule. 2 Comply with the Voltage Schedule in automatic voltage control mode (AVR in service and controlling voltage) 3 Produce or consume reactive power when requested by the CAISO. 4 Notify the CAISO of system conditions including, coordination of switching of Voltage Support equipment. 5 Notify the CAISO of events and changes that impact the MW/VAR capacity, reliability, or ability to operate within the power factor band. 6 Notify the applicable PTO and the CAISO as soon as practical, but within 30 minutes of changes to the status of automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) or power system stabilizers (PSSs). 7 Respond to Emergency Requests. NOTE: Compensation for Voltage Support will be in agreement with the CAISO Tariff (e.g., see section ). Page 5 of 13

6 Participating Load/UDCs The Participating Load/UDCs operates by the following Step Action 1 Operate in accordance with Good Utility Practice within established protocols and Operating Procedures, and adhere to specified Voltage Schedules. 2 Maintain reactive power flow at Grid interface points within the power factor band of 0.97 lag and 0.99 lead. 3 Notify the CAISO of system conditions including coordinated switching of Voltage Support equipment. 4 Notify the CAISO of events and changes that impact the Voltage Support equipment availability, reliability, or ability to operate within the power factor band. 5 Respond to CAISO requests for Voltage Support while operating within the power factor band. NOTE: The CAISO has the authority to request connected Loads/UDCs to provide uncompensated Voltage Support while operating in the power factor band. 6 Respond to Emergency Requests. Page 6 of 13

7 Participating Transmission Owners (PTOs) The Participating Transmission Owners operate by the following: Step Action 1 Operate the system in accordance with Good Utility Practice and in a manner that ensures safe and reliable operation. 2 Maintain appropriate Voltage Schedule(s). 3 When Then A Generators Operator or the Direct the Generator Operator Cal ISO notifies the PTO of to maintain or change either its changes to the status of voltage schedule or its automatic voltage regulators Reactive Power schedule as (AVRs) or power system appropriate. stabilizers (PSSs) 4 Notify the CAISO of system conditions and coordinate switching of Voltage Support equipment. 5 Notify the CAISO of events and changes that impact the Voltage Support equipment availability, or reliability. NOTE: The CAISO has the authority to coordinate the use of all Voltage Support equipment as required. 6 Respond to requests for Voltage Support. 7 Respond to Emergency Requests. Page 7 of 13

8 3.0 General Voltage/Var Control Guidance Adjusting Voltage, VARs, or Power Factors Use the table below for guidance on how to adjust voltage, VARs, or Power Factors (includes preventing voltage collapse): To increase voltage, produce VARs, and/or shift power factor towards lag Increase Generator Terminal Voltage [over-excite, move power factor toward lag] De-energize Shunt reactors Energize Shunt Capacitors Energize HVDC harmonic filters Boost synchronous condensers [over-excite, move power factor toward lead] Synchronize additional equipment [generators, condensers] capable of producing VARs Energize additional circuits [high voltage transmission lines and cables] Reduce load To decrease voltage, consume VARs, and/or shift power factor towards lead Decrease Generator Terminal Voltage [under-excite, move power factor toward lead] Energize shunt reactors De-energize Shunt Capacitors De-energize HVDC harmonic filters Buck synchronous condensers [under-excite, move power factor toward lag] Synchronize additional equipment capable of consuming VARs De-energize circuits [high voltage transmission lines and cables capable of being unloaded] Increase load (e.g. pump load) Page 8 of 13

9 Other measures The following are other miscellaneous measures that can be taken to adjust Voltage/VARS: Part Description 1 Transformer Bank Taps can be changed to push VARs. 2 Generally, increasing the high side voltage and decreasing the lowside voltage will cause VARs to flow towards the high side and away from the low side. 3 Series Capacitor switching will change the MW and VAR loading on associated line(s) and parallel lines. This will generally impact transfer capability. Voltage Guidelines The CAISO will use Protocols and power flow studies to establish and issue specific Voltages Schedules for specific circuits on the Grid. The general voltage guidelines are as follows: Nominal Voltage [kv] Operating Limits Ideal Voltage Range Voltage Schedules Refer to the Participating Entities Voltage/Var Schedules under their applicable Transmission Owner Procedures: UDC Procedure PG&E O-59 SCE SOB 017 SDG&E TMC 1005 LADWP Operating Bulletin 31 SMUD PSE 104 Page 9 of 13

10 Supporting Information Operationally Affected Parties N/A Posted on the Internet Responsibilities CAISO Participating Generators Participating Loads Transmission Owners Maintains acceptable voltage levels and VAR flow on the CAISO Controlled Grid using all voltage control support equipment required to meet the operating criteria specified in the NERC and WECC Minimum Operating Reliability Criteria. Participating Generators are required to operate within a specified power factor band. Generators operating within this range shall receive no compensation for Voltage Support. Notify the PTO & the CAISO of changes as soon as practical, but within 30 minutes to the status of AVRs and PSSs. Participating Loads are required to maintain VAR flow at Grid interface points within a specified power factor band. Loads operating within this range shall receive no compensation for Voltage Support. Transmission Owners operate Voltage Support equipment to maintain normal voltage and VAR flow according to the CAISO Protocols. Dispatch of voltage support equipment will not be compensated, provided that the specified power factor range is maintained. Page 10 of 13

11 References ISO Tariff Sections and CAISO Transmission Control Agreement PG&E Transmission System Voltage Control Procedure O-59 SCE System Operating Bulletin No. 17 SDG&E TMC 1005 LADWP Operating Bulletin 31 NERC Standard VAR bookmark: R4 VAR-001-1a bookmark: R1, R8, R9 Policy The CAISO operates the CAISO Controlled Grid as deemed appropriate to ensure System Reliability. This may include the use of any available voltage support equipment so that the operation of the CAISO Controlled Grid will meet or exceed the operating criteria as specified by the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). The CAISO will operate and monitor the system in accordance with the Good Utility Practice to ensure safe and reliable operations. Definitions Unless the context otherwise indicates, any word or expression defined in the Master Definitions Supplement to the CAISO Tariff shall have that meaning when capitalized in this Operating Procedure. The following additional terms are capitalized in this Operating Procedure when used as defined below: Participating Entity A Participating Generator, Participating Load/UDC, or PTO. Page 11 of 13

12 Version History Version Change By Date 1.0 Drafted 12/4/97 Reviewed 12/30/97 Revised 9/29/ Summer Update 6/5/ Semi-Annual review, no change 12/10/ Summer Update, no change 5/7/ Annual Review, no change 12/15/ New Format 8/16/ Step to monitor State Estimator results 11/30/ AVR & PSS 11/20/ Annual review and changed PG&E Procedure to O-59 and added O-59 as references 4/15/ Annual review and added SMUD Voltage Procedure PSE /21/ Annual Review, verified all information is correct and up to date. 12/8/09 Page 12 of 13

13 Technical Review Reviewed By Content Expert Operations Support Regional Transmission System Operations Market Ops Outage Management Scheduling Signature Date Approval Approved By Signature Date Director of Grid Operations Page 13 of 13