16582/16418 Wireless Communication. Notes III: Cellular Systems II Dr. Jay Weitzen 1
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1 16582/16418 Wireless Communication Notes III: Cellular Systems II Dr. Jay Weitzen 1
2 US-Channel Allocations CDMA-2000/IS MHz Channels GSM/PCS khz Channels IS khz Channels W-CDMA 3.75 MHz Channels AMPS: 30 KHz IS KHz Dr. Jay Weitzen 2
3 Lecture Contents Cellular and PCS bands in North America Elements of Cellular Systems BSC/MSC BTS Mobile Signaling and Handoff Dr. Jay Weitzen 3
4 800 MHz Cellular Bands in North America Dr. Jay Weitzen 4
5 Dr. Jay Weitzen 5
6 Dr. Jay Weitzen 6
7 US PCS Bands Block Designator Allocated Bandwidth (MHz) Mobile xmit Frequency Base xmit Frequency A (mta) 30 (15/15) D (bta) 10 (5/5) B (MTA) 30 (15/15) E (bta) 10 (5/5) F (bta) 10 (5/5) C (bta) 30 (15/15) Dr. Jay Weitzen 10
8 US-MTA s Dr. Jay Weitzen 11
9 US-BTA s Dr. Jay Weitzen 12
10 NE BTA s Dr. Jay Weitzen 13
11 Major Elements of Cellular System Dr. Jay Weitzen 14
12 MTSO Functions Dr. Jay Weitzen 15
13 Base Station Dr. Jay Weitzen 16
14 BTS Continued Dr. Jay Weitzen 17
15 Terminal Mobile Dr. Jay Weitzen 18
16 Dr. Jay Weitzen 19
17 Making a Mobile Call Dr. Jay Weitzen 20
18 Complete Mobile Connection Dr. Jay Weitzen 21
19 Control in a Cellular System Dr. Jay Weitzen 22
20 Dr. Jay Weitzen 23
21 Voice or Data Channel Dr. Jay Weitzen 24
22 How Cellular Systems work/ Call Control and Call Processing Dr. Jay Weitzen 25
23 Dr. Jay Weitzen 26
24 Dr. Jay Weitzen 27
25 Dr. Jay Weitzen 28
26 Dr. Jay Weitzen 29
27 Dr. Jay Weitzen 30
28 Dr. Jay Weitzen 31
29 Dr. Jay Weitzen 32
30 Call Setup Process Dr. Jay Weitzen 33
31 Dr. Jay Weitzen 34
32 Hand Offs Dr. Jay Weitzen 35
33 Handoff in Cellular Systems Dr. Jay Weitzen 36
34 Types of Handoff Base Station Directed Handoff Mobile Assisted Handoff (MAHO) Mobile Directed Handoff (MDHO) Dr. Jay Weitzen 37
35 Dr. Jay Weitzen 38
36 Why Hand Off? Drop RSSI A B C D Sites A B C D - 50 RSSI, dbm C/I Dr. Jay Weitzen 39 Distance, km
37 Dr. Jay Weitzen 40
38 Dr. Jay Weitzen 41
39 Dr. Jay Weitzen 42
40 Dr. Jay Weitzen 43
41 Hand Off Sequence Signal strength processing circuits in the voice channel radio constantly measure received signal strength from mobile. As mobile signal strength deteriorates, system uses power-up commands to increase mobile s strength. At some point, mobile s signal strength deteriorates to the extent that the mobile becomes a hand off candidate. At this point, the system begins the hand off sequence Dr. Jay Weitzen 44
42 Hand Off Scenario Direction Of Mobile s Travel B G C A X D Cell A Is The Serving Cell F E Assume Mobile Is Here At The Time Call Was First Set Up Dr. Jay Weitzen 45
43 Hand Off Scenario Direction Of Mobile s Travel G B A X C D In This Area System Uses Power Control Commands To Control RSSI From Mobile F E Cell A Is The Serving Cell Dr. Jay Weitzen 46
44 Hand Off Scenario Direction Of Mobile s Travel G B C Mobile Becomes A hand off Candidate At This Approximate Point F A E X D Dr. Jay Weitzen 47
45 Hand Off Scenario Direction of Mobile s Travel B Fairly High Signal Strength Reported G TARGET CELL A X C D Low To Medium Signal Strength Reported F E Very Low Signal Strength Reported Dr. Jay Weitzen 48
46 Hand Off Scenario Once target cell is identified, the MSC checks to see if there is an idle (available) voice channel in the target cell. If so, the MSC sends a message to that voice channel radio, telling it to wake up and start transmitting a specific SAT frequency. The MSC then sends a Blank And Burst message via the voice channel in cell A, telling the mobile to retune to the new (cell B) voice channel frequency and to expect to hear the SAT frequency being transmitted by cell B s voice channel. The mobile responds with 50 ms of ST, then tunes to cell B s voice channel and listens for SAT. If the SAT is OK, the mobile transmits the same SAT back to the cell B voice channel Dr. Jay Weitzen 49
47 Hand Off Scenario When the cell B voice channel hears its own SAT coming back from the mobile, it sends a message to the MSC, telling it that there is now an RF link in cell B to the mobile. When the MSC knows that the cell B RF link is OK, it changes cross connections in the switch network to connect the PSTN trunk to the new (cell B) voice radio. The Call Now Has Been Successfully Handed Off From Cell A To Cell B Dr. Jay Weitzen 50
48 Summarizing the Hand Off Process B Trigger A Trigger RSSI C DMS-MSC Time Screen A - 95 B - 75 C B Locate A Select hand off! hand off Voice Channels C B DMS-MSC A C DMS-MSC Dr. Jay Weitzen 51
49 Hand Off Process Grand Overview Stages, Features, Key Concepts Trigger Measure Screen Select Execute RSSI Analog C/I Digital BER Maintenance Directed MAHO (apply Hysteresis) Screening Criteria (apply bias) Relative RSSI Messaging Queues Trunk Hunt Sequence Retry Dr. Jay Weitzen 52
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Multiple Access Techniques Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +92