EKT 450 Mobile Communication System

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "EKT 450 Mobile Communication System"

Transcription

1 EKT 450 Mobile Communication System Chapter 6: The Cellular Concept Dr. Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi School of Computer and Communication Engineering 1

2 Introduction Introduction to Cellular System Frequency Reuse Channel Assignment Strategies Handoff Strategies Interference + System Capacity Trunking + Grade of Service Improving Capacity in Cellular System 2

3 Introduction to Cellular System Traditional mobile service was structured in a fashion similar to television broadcasting: One very powerful transmitter located at the highest spot in an area would broadcast in a radius of up to 50 kilometers. Drawbacks: High power consumption Impossible to reuse same frequencies throughout the system - Low capacity 3

4 Introduction to Cellular System Solves the problem of spectral congestion and user capacity. Offer very high capacity in a limited spectrum without major technological changes. Reuse of radio channel in different cells. Enable a fix number of channels to serve an arbitrarily large number of users by reusing the channel throughout the coverage region. 4

5 Frequency Reuse The design process of selecting and allocating channel groups for all the cellular base stations within a system is called frequency reuse or frequency planning. Each cellular base station is allocated a group of radio channels within a small geographic area called a cell. Neighboring cells are assigned different channel groups. By limiting the coverage area to within the boundary of the cell, the channel groups may be reused to cover different cells. Keep interference levels within tolerable limit. 5

6 Frequency Reuse Seven groups of channel (into different cells) from A to G Actual radio coverage is called footprint determined from field measurements or propagation prediction models. Omni-directional antenna versus directional antenna. 6

7 Why Hexagonal Cell? Hexagonal cell shape has been universally adopted, since it permits easy and manageable analysis of a cellular system. For a given distance between the center of a polygon and its farthest perimeter points, the hexagon has the largest area among other sensible geometric cell shapes. By using the hexagon geometry, the fewest number of cells can cover a geographic region, and the hexagon also closely approximates a circular radiation pattern which would occur for an omni-directional base station antenna and free space propagation. What other sensible geometric cell shapes? 7

8 Why Hexagonal Cell? When using hexagons to model coverage areas, base station transmitters are depicted as either being: o In the center of the cell (center-excited), or o On three of the six cell vertices (edge-excited). Normally: o Omni-directional antennas are used in centerexcited cells o Sectored directional antennas are used in cornerexcited cells. 8

9 Concept of Frequency Reuse Consider a cellular system which has a total of S duplex channels. Each cell is allocated a group of channels, k (k < S). The S channels are divided among N cells. The total number of available radio channels, S = kn The N cells which use the complete set of channels is called cluster. The cluster can be repeated M times within the system. The total number of channels, C, is used as a measure of capacity C = MkN = MS 9

10 Concept of Frequency Reuse The capacity is directly proportional to the number of replication M. The cluster size, N, is typically equal to 4, 7, or 12. The frequency reuse factor is given by 1/N. Hexagonal geometry has: exactly six equidistance neighbors. the lines joining the centers of any cell and each of its neighbors are separated by multiples of 60 degrees. How to maximize capacity? solution 10

11 Concept of Frequency Reuse The total number of channels, C, is used as a measure of capacity C = MkN = MS If k and N remain constant, C M If C and k remain constant, N 1 M 11

12 Concept of Frequency Reuse Only certain cluster sizes and cell layout are possible. The number of cells per cluster, N, can only have values which satisfy: 2 N = i + ij + where i and j are non-negative integers. j 2 12

13 Concept of Frequency Reuse To find the nearest cochannel of a neighboring cell: 1. Move i cells along any chain of hexagons. 2. Turn 60 degrees counter clockwise. 3. Move j cell. Method of locating co-channel cells in a cellular system. In this example, N = 19 (i.e., i = 3, j = 2). (Adapted from [Oet83] IEEE.) 13

14 Example 1 solution If a total of 33 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system which uses two 25 khz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels, compute the number of channels available per cell if a system uses: a. Four-cell reuse b. Seven-cell reuse c. Twelve-cell reuse 14

15 Channel Assignment Strategies The choice of channel assignment strategy impacts the performance of the system, particularly as to how cells are managed when a mobile user is handed off from one cell to another. Fixed channel assignment: Each cell is allocated a predetermined set of voice channels. Any call attempt within the cells can only be served by unused channels in that particular cell. If all the channels in the cell are occupied, the call is blocked and the subscriber does not receive service. 15

16 Channel Assignment Strategies Dynamic channel assignment: - Voice channels are not allocated to the cells permanently - Each time a call request is made, the serving base station requests a channel from the MSC. - It reduces the likelihood of blocking, which increases the trunking capacity of the system, since all the available channels in a market are accessible to all of the calls. - But, it requires the MSC to collect real-time data on channel occupancy, traffic distribution, and radio signal strength indications (RSSI) of all channels on a continuous basis. - This increases the storage and computational load on the system but provides the advantage of increased channel utilization and decreased probability of a blocked call. 16

17 Handoff Strategies When a mobile moves into a different cell while a conversation is in progress, the MSC automatically transfers the call to a new channel belonging to the new base station. Handoff operation: Identifying a new base station Re-allocating the voice and control channels with the new base station. 17

18 Handoff Strategies Handoff Threshold: Minimum usable signal for acceptable voice quality (-90dBm to -100dBm) Handoff margin = Pr, handoff Pr,minimum usable cannot be too large or too small. If Δ is too large, unnecessary handoffs burden the MSC If Δ is too small, there may be insufficient time to complete handoff before a call is lost. 18

19 Handoff Strategies 19

20 Handoff Strategies Handoff must ensure that the drop in the measured signal is not due to momentary fading and that the mobile is actually moving away from the serving base station. Running average measurement of signal strength should be optimized so that unnecessary handoffs are avoided. Depends on the speed at which the vehicle is moving. Steep short term average the hand off should be made quickly. The speed can be estimated from the statistics of the received short-term fading signal at the base station. 20

21 Handoff Strategies Dwell time: the time over which a call may be maintained within a cell without handoff, depends on: propagation interference distance speed 21

22 Handoff Measurement In the first generation (1G) analog cellular systems: o Signal strength measurements are made by the base station to determine the relative location of each mobile user with respect to the base station. o Additionally, a spare receiver in each base station, called the location receiver, is used to determine signal strengths of mobile users which are in neighboring cells (and appear to be in need of handoff.) 22

23 Handoff Measurement In second generation systems (TDMA technology): o Handoff decisions are made mobile assisted handoff (MAHO). o Every mobile station measures the received power from surrounding base stations and continually reports the results of these measurements to the serving base station. o A handoff is initiated when the power received from the base station of a neighboring cell begins to exceed the power received from the current base station by a certain level or for a certain period of time. o The MAHO performs at a much faster rate, and is particularly suited for micro cellular environments. 23

24 Handoff Measurement Intersystem handoff: o Moves from one cellular system to a different cellular system controlled by a different MSC. o It may become a long-distance call and a roamer. o Compatibility between the two MSCs need to be determined. Handoff requests is much important than handling a new call. 24

25 Prioritizing Handoff Guard channel concept: o In this a fraction of total available channels in a cell is reserved exclusively for handoff requests from ongoing calls which may be handed off into the cell. Queuing of handoff requests o To decrease the probability of forced termination of a call due to lack of available channels. 25

26 Practical Handoff Consideration Different type of users: High speed users need frequent handoff during a call. Low speed users may never need a handoff during a call. Microcells to provide capacity, the MSC can become burdened if high speed users are constantly being passed between very small cells. Minimize handoff intervention: Handle the simultaneous traffic of high speed and low speed users. 26

27 Practical Handoff Consideration Using different antenna heights and different power levels it is possible to provide large and small cells which are colocated at a single location. This technique is called umbrella cell approach and is used to provide large area coverage to high speed users while providing small area coverage to users traveling at low speeds. The umbrella cell approach ensures that the number of handoffs in minimized for high speed users and provides additional microcell channels for pedestrian users. 27

28 Hard Handoff and Soft Handoff Hard handoff: when the signal strength of a neighboring cell exceeds that of the current cell, plus a threshold, the mobile station is instructed to switch to a new frequency band that is within the allocation of the new cell assign different radio channels during a handoff. For 1 st generation analog systems, if takes about 10 seconds and the value for Δ is on the order of 6 db to 12 db. For 2 nd generation digital systems, typically requires only 1 or 2 seconds, and Δ usually is between 0 db and 6 db. 28

29 Hard Handoff and Soft Handoff Soft handoff: a mobile station is temporarily connected to more than one base station simultaneously. A mobile unit may start out assigned to a single cell. If the unit enters a region in which the transmissions from two base stations are comparable (within some threshold of each other), the mobile unit enters the soft handoff state in which it is connected to the two base stations. Consequently, handoff does not mean a physical change in the assigned channel, rather that a different base station handles the radio communication task. By simultaneously evaluating the receiver signals from a single subscriber at several neighboring base stations, the MSC may actually decide which version of the user s signal is best at any moment in time. 29

30 Interference and System Capacity Sources of interference: another mobile in the same cell a call in progress in the neighboring cell other base stations operating in the same frequency band non-cellular system leaks energy into the cellular frequency band Two major cellular interference: co-channel interference adjacent channel interference 30

31 Co- and Adjacent-Channel Cells Co-channel interference Adjacentchannel cells Adjacentchannel interference Co-channel cells 31

32 Interference and System Capacity Interference on voice channels causes cross talk, where the subscriber hears interference in the background due to an undesired transmission. On control channels, interference leads to missed and blocked calls due to errors in the digital signaling. Interference is more severe in urban areas, due to the greater RF noise floor and the large number of base stations and mobiles. The interference are difficult to control in practice largely due to random propagation effects. Even more difficult to control is out-of-band interference mainly from the base stations of competing cellular carriers (locating their base stations in close proximity.) 32

33 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity Frequency reuse - there are several cells that use the same set of frequencies: co-channel cells co-channel interference To reduce co-channel interference, it cannot be combated by simply increasing the carrier power of a transmitter. Instead, co-channel cell must be separated by a minimum distance. 33

34 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity When the size of the cell is approximately the same co-channel interference is independent of the transmitted power co-channel interference is a function of R : Radius of the cell D : distance to the center of the nearest cochannel cell D Q = = 3N R Q is called the co-channel reuse ratio 34

35 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity A small value of Q (small N) provides large capacity A large value of Q (large N) improves the transmission quality - smaller level of co-channel interference A tradeoff must be made between these two objectives 35

36 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity 36

37 Example 2 solution You are trying to design a cellular network that will cover an area of at least 2800 km 2. There are 300 available voice channels. Your design is required to support at least 100 concurrent calls in each cell. If the co-channel cell centre distance is required to be 9 km, how many base stations will you need in this network? 37

38 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity Let i 0 be the number of co-channel interfering cells. The signalto-interference ratio (SIR) for a mobile receiver can be expressed as: S S = i0 I i = 1 I i S : the desired signal power I i : interference power caused by the i-th interfering co-channel cell base station The average received power at a distance d from the transmitting antenna is approximated by n d d 0 Pr = P0 d 0 or P r (dbm) = P0 (dbm) 10nlog d d n is the path loss exponent which ranges between 2 and 4. 0 P 0 : Measured power Receiver 38

39 Co-Channel Interference and System Capacity When the transmission power of each base station is equal and the path loss exponent same throughout the coverage area, SIR for a mobile can be approximated as 0 ( Di ) Example: for N=7, the first layer of interfering cell, i 0 = 6. For simplification, assume all interferers have equidistance, S I ( D / R) = i 0 n = ( 3N ) i 0 n S I = i i = 1 R n n which relates S/I to the cluster size, and in turn determines the overall capacity of the system 39

40 Adjacent-Channel Interference Adjacent channel interference: interference from adjacent in frequency to the desired signal. Imperfect receiver filters allow nearby frequencies to leak into the pass-band Performance degrade seriously due to near-far effect. receiving filter response signal on adjacent channel signal on adjacent channel desired signal FILTER interference desired signal interference 40

41 Adjacent-Channel Interference Adjacent channel interference can be minimized through : o careful filtering and channel assignment. o Keep the frequency separation between each channel in a given cell as large as possible o A channel separation greater than six is needed to bring the adjacent channel interference to an acceptable level. 41

42 Example 3 solution If a signal-to-interference ratio of 15 db is required for satisfactory forward channel performance of a cellular system, what is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size that should be used for maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is (a) n = 4, (b) n = 3? Assume that there are six co-channel cells in the first tier, and all of them are at the same distance from the mobile. Use suitable approximations. 42

43 Power Control for Reducing Interference In practical cellular radio and personal communication systems, the power levels transmitted by every mobile unit are under constant control by the serving base stations. This is done to ensure that each mobile transmits the smallest power necessary on the reverse channel. Power control not only helps prolong battery life, also reduces the interference on the reverse channel. It is especially important for CDMA systems, because every user in every cell share the same radio channel. (to reduce the co-channel interference.) 43

44 Power Control for Reducing Interference Need for power control? 44

45 Trunking and Grade of Service Trunking exploits the statistical behavior of users so that a fixed number of channels or circuits may accommodate a large, random user community. It allows a large number of users to share the relatively small number of channels in a cell by providing access to each user, on demand, from a pool of available channels. The measure of traffic intensity, namely Erlang. For example: 0.5 Erlangs of traffic = a radio channel that is occupied for 30 minutes during an hour. 45

46 Trunking and Grade of Service 46

47 Trunking and Grade of Service The Grade of Service (GOS): A measure of the ability of a user to access a trunked system during the busiest hour. It is typically given as the likelihood that a call is blocked, or the likelihood of a call experiencing a delay greater than a certain queuing time. 47

48 Trunking and Grade of Service The traffic intensity generated by each user A u = λh Where H is the average duration of a call, λ is the average number of call requests per unit time for each user. The total offered traffic intensity for U users A = UA u In a C channel trunked system, if the traffic is equally distributed among the channels, the traffic intensity per channel is A C = UA C u 48

49 Trunking and Grade of Service AMPS cellular system is designed for a GOS of 2% blocking. This implies that the channel allocations for cell sites are designed so that 2 out of 100 calls will be blocked due to channel occupancy during the busiest hour. 49

50 Trunking and Grade of Service Two types of trunked systems: Blocked Calls Cleared trunking : Offers no queuing for call requests. Calls arrive as determined by a Poisson distribution. There are an infinite number of users. There are memoryless arrivals of requests. The probability of a user occupying a channel is exponentially distributed. A finite number of channels available. a memoryless poisson arrivals an exponential service time This is known as an M/M/m queue. the number of trunked channels 50

51 Trunking and Grade of Service This leads to the derivation of the Erlang B c formula: A P [ blocking] = r C k = 0 C! k A k! GOS where C is the number of trunked channels, A is the total offered traffic. = 51

52 Trunking and Grade of Service 52

53 Trunking and Grade of Service Blocked Calls Delayed trunking : Queuing is provided to hold calls which are blocked. If no channel available, the call request may be delayed until a channel becomes available. Measure of GOS : probability that a call is blocked after waiting a specific length of time. A call not having immediate access to a channel is determined by Erlang C: P c r[ delay > 0] = C 1 k c A A A + C!(1 ) C k = 0 k! A 53

54 Trunking and Grade of Service The GOS of a trunked system where blocked calls are delayed : P [ delay r > t] = = P [ delay r P [ delay r > > 0] P [ delay r 0]exp( ( C > t delay > A) t / H ) 0] The average delay for all calls in a queued system D H = Pr [ delay > 0] C A 54

55 Trunking and Grade of Service The Erlang B formula plotted in graphical form 55

56 Trunking and Grade of Service The Erlang C formula plotted in graphical form 56

57 Example 4 solution How many users can be supported for 0.5% blocking probability for the following number of trunked channels in a blocked calls cleared system? (a) 1, (b) 5, (c) 10, (d) 20 and (e) 100 Assume each user generates 0.1 Erlangs of traffic. 57

58 Example 5 solution Pauh has an area of 1300 square miles and is covered by CELCOM using a seven-cell reuse pattern. Each cell has a radius of four miles and the city is allocated 40 MHz of spectrum with a full duplex channel bandwidth of 60 khz. Assume a GOS of 2% for an Erlang B system is specified. If the offered traffic per user is 0.03 Erlangs, compute: (a) The number of cells in the service area, (b) The number of channels per cell, (c) Traffic intensity of each cell, (d) The maximum carried traffic, (e) (f) (g) The total number of users that can be served for 2% GOS The number of mobiles per unique channel (where it is understood that channels are reused) The theoretical maximum number of users that could be served at one time by CELCOM. 58

59 Example 6 solution An urban area has a population of two million residents. Three competing trunked mobile networks (CELCOM, MAXIS and DIGI) provide cellular service in this area. CELCOM has 394 cells with 19 channels each, MAXIS has 98 cells with 57 channels each, and DIGI has 49 cells, each with 100 channels. Find number of users that can be supported at 2% blocking if each user averages two calls per hour at an average call duration of three minutes. Assume that all three trunked systems are operated at maximum capacity, compute the percentage market penetration of each cellular provider. 59

60 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Methods for improving capacity in cellular systems: Cell Splitting : o o Sectoring : Subdividing a congested cell into smaller cells. Allows an orderly growth of the cellular system o Directional antennas to control the interference and frequency reuse of channels. Microcell Zone Concept : o Distributing the coverage of a cell and extends the cell boundary to hard-to-reach place. Repeaters for range extension. More bandwidth standards, country regulation etc. Borrow channel from nearby cells. 60

61 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Cell Splitting : Split congested cell into smaller cells. Preserve frequency reuse plan. Reduce transmission power. 61

62 Improving Capacity in Cellular System microcell Reduce R to R/2 62

63 Improving Capacity in Cellular System 63

64 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Pt1 P t 2 Transmission power reduction from to Examining the receiving power at the new and old cell boundary P[at old cell r boundary] P 1 R t n P r[ at new cell boundary] t2 P ( R/ 2) If we take n = 4 and set the received power equal to each other Pt 1 P t2 = 16 The transmit power must be reduced by 12 db in order to fill in the original coverage area. Problem: if only part of the cells are splitted: Different cell sizes will exist simultaneously Handoff issues - high speed and low speed traffic can be simultaneously accommodated n 64

65 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Sectoring : Decrease the co-channel interference and keep the cell radius R unchanged Replacing single omni-directional antenna by several directional antennas. Radiating within a specified sector. 65

66 Improving Capacity in Cellular System 66

67 Base Station Antennas Omnidirectional : broadcast Sector : broadcasts 60 0 / 90 0 / Panel / Dish : Point to point 67

68 60 0 Sectoring 68

69 120 0 Sectoring 69

70 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Microcell Zone Concept : Antennas are placed at the outer edges of the cell Any channel may be assigned to any zone by the base station Mobile is served by the zone with the strongest signal. Handoff within a cell No channel reassignment Switch the channel to a different zone site Reduce interference Low power transmitters are employed 70

71 Improving Capacity in Cellular System Repeaters for range extension: 71

Unit-1 The Cellular Concept

Unit-1 The Cellular Concept Unit-1 The Cellular Concept 1.1 Introduction to Cellular Systems Solves the problem of spectral congestion and user capacity. Offer very high capacity in a limited spectrum without major technological

More information

Chapter 3: Cellular concept

Chapter 3: Cellular concept Chapter 3: Cellular concept Introduction to cellular concept: The cellular concept was a major breakthrough in solving the problem of spectral congestion and user capacity. It offered very high capacity

More information

03_57_104_final.fm Page 97 Tuesday, December 4, :17 PM. Problems Problems

03_57_104_final.fm Page 97 Tuesday, December 4, :17 PM. Problems Problems 03_57_104_final.fm Page 97 Tuesday, December 4, 2001 2:17 PM Problems 97 3.9 Problems 3.1 Prove that for a hexagonal geometry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by Q = 3N, where N = i 2 + ij + j 2. Hint:

More information

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 3: Cellular Fundamentals

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 3: Cellular Fundamentals ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2004 Lecture 3: Cellular Fundamentals Chapter 3 - The Cellular Concept - System Design Fundamentals I. Introduction Goals of a Cellular System

More information

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650520) Part 3

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650520) Part 3 Philadelphia University Faculty of Engineering Communication and Electronics Engineering MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650520) Part 3 Dr. Omar R Daoud 1 Trunking and Grade Services Trunking: A means for providing

More information

ECS 445: Mobile Communications The Cellular Concept

ECS 445: Mobile Communications The Cellular Concept Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology ECS 445: Mobile Communications The Cellular Concept Prapun Suksompong,

More information

Wireless Communications Principles and Practice 2 nd Edition Prentice-Hall. By Theodore S. Rappaport

Wireless Communications Principles and Practice 2 nd Edition Prentice-Hall. By Theodore S. Rappaport Wireless Communications Principles and Practice 2 nd Edition Prentice-Hall By Theodore S. Rappaport Chapter 3 The Cellular Concept- System Design Fundamentals 3.1 Introduction January, 2004 Spring 2011

More information

Chapter 3 Ahmad Bilal ahmadbilal.webs.com

Chapter 3 Ahmad Bilal ahmadbilal.webs.com Chapter 3 A Quick Recap We learned about cell and reuse factor. We looked at traffic capacity We looked at different Earling Formulas We looked at channel strategies We had a look at Handoff Interference

More information

Ch3. The Cellular Concept Systems Design Fundamentals. From Rappaport s book

Ch3. The Cellular Concept Systems Design Fundamentals. From Rappaport s book Ch3. The Cellular Concept Systems Design Fundamentals. From Rappaport s book Instructor: Mohammed Taha O. El Astal LOGO Early mobile systems The objective was to achieve a large coverage area by using

More information

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (8) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (8) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (8) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals Improving Capacity in Cellular Systems Cellular design techniques are needed to provide more channels

More information

EEG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (6) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals

EEG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (6) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals EEG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (6) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals Interference and System Capacity Interference is the major limiting factor in the performance of cellular

More information

The Cellular Concept. History of Communication. Frequency Planning. Coverage & Capacity

The Cellular Concept. History of Communication. Frequency Planning. Coverage & Capacity The Cellular Concept History of Communication Frequency Planning Coverage & Capacity Engr. Mian Shahzad Iqbal Lecturer Department of Telecommunication Engineering Before GSM: Mobile Telephony Mile stones

More information

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (4) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (4) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 2 : Week # (4) The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals Frequency reuse or frequency planning : The design process of selecting and allocating channel groups

More information

A Glimps at Cellular Mobile Radio Communications. Dr. Erhan A. İnce

A Glimps at Cellular Mobile Radio Communications. Dr. Erhan A. İnce A Glimps at Cellular Mobile Radio Communications Dr. Erhan A. İnce 28.03.2012 CELLULAR Cellular refers to communications systems that divide a geographic region into sections, called cells. The purpose

More information

Wireless Cellular Networks. Base Station - Mobile Network

Wireless Cellular Networks. Base Station - Mobile Network Wireless Cellular Networks introduction frequency reuse channel assignment strategies techniques to increase capacity handoff cellular standards 1 Base Station - Mobile Network RCC RVC FVC FCC Forward

More information

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring Per Hjalmar Lehne Tel:

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring Per Hjalmar Lehne Tel: UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2015 Per Hjalmar Lehne per-hjalmar.lehne@telenor.com Tel: 916 94 909 Cells and Cellular Traffic (Chapter 4) Date: 12 March 2015 Agenda Introduction Hexagonal Cell

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing (16 M)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing (16 M) Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing (16 M) 1.1 Introduction to Mobile Computing- Mobile Computing Functions, Mobile Computing Devices, Mobile Computing Architecture, Evolution of Wireless Technology.

More information

Cellular Concept. Cell structure

Cellular Concept. Cell structure Cellular Concept Dr Yousef Dama Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology An-Najah National University 2014-2015 Mobile communications Lecture Notes, prepared by Dr Yousef Dama, An-Najah National

More information

The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals

The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Frequency Reuse Channel

More information

ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems

ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems 2.4 Traffic Handling Capacity and Erlang B Formula 1 Dr.Prapun Suksompong prapun.com/ecs455 Capacity Concept: A Revisit Q: If I have m channels per cell, is it true that

More information

UNIT-II 1. Explain the concept of frequency reuse channels. Answer:

UNIT-II 1. Explain the concept of frequency reuse channels. Answer: UNIT-II 1. Explain the concept of frequency reuse channels. Concept of Frequency Reuse Channels: A radio channel consists of a pair of frequencies one for each direction of transmission that is used for

More information

ETI2511-WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II HANDOUT I 1.0 PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION

ETI2511-WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II HANDOUT I 1.0 PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION ETI2511-WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II HANDOUT I 1.0 PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION 1.0 Introduction The substitution of a single high power Base Transmitter Stations (BTS) by several low BTSs to support

More information

LECTURE 12. Deployment and Traffic Engineering

LECTURE 12. Deployment and Traffic Engineering 1 LECTURE 12 Deployment and Traffic Engineering Cellular Concept 2 Proposed by Bell Labs in 1971 Geographic Service divided into smaller cells Neighboring cells do not use same set of frequencies to prevent

More information

Cellular Concept MSC. Wireless Communications, CIIT Islamabad. Cellular Concept

Cellular Concept MSC. Wireless Communications, CIIT Islamabad. Cellular Concept Cellular Concept Course Instructor: Dr. Syed Junaid Nawaz Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of IT, Islamabad, Pakistan. Email: junaidnawaz@ieee.org Courtesy of: Prof.

More information

GTBIT ECE Department Wireless Communication

GTBIT ECE Department Wireless Communication Q-1 What is Simulcast Paging system? Ans-1 A Simulcast Paging system refers to a system where coverage is continuous over a geographic area serviced by more than one paging transmitter. In this type of

More information

Figure 1.1:- Representation of a transmitter s Cell

Figure 1.1:- Representation of a transmitter s Cell Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Study on Improving

More information

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications. Abul Kaosher

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications. Abul Kaosher UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Abul Kaosher abul.kaosher@nsn.com Cells and Cellular Traffic Cells and Cellular Traffic Introduction Hexagonal Cell Geometry Co-Channel Interference (CCI) CCI Reduction

More information

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013 Abul Kaosher abul.kaosher@nsn.com Mobile: 99 27 10 19 1 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Cells and Cellular Traffic- I Date: 07.03.2013 2 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications

More information

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650539) Part 3

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650539) Part 3 Philadelphia University Faculty of Engineering Communication and Electronics Engineering MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (650539) Part 3 Dr. Omar R Daoud ١ The accommodation of larger number of users in a limited

More information

SLIDE #2.1. MOBILE COMPUTING NIT Agartala, Dept of CSE Jan-May,2012. ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala

SLIDE #2.1. MOBILE COMPUTING NIT Agartala, Dept of CSE Jan-May,2012. ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala Mobile Cellular Systems SLIDE #2.1 MOBILE COMPUTING NIT Agartala, Dept of CSE Jan-May,2012 ALAK ROY. Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE NIT Agartala Email-alakroy.nerist@gmail.com What we will learn in this

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing

Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing Chapter 1 Introduction to Mobile Computing 1.1 Introduction to Mobile Computing- Mobile Computing Functions, Mobile Computing Devices, Mobile Computing Architecture, Evolution of Wireless Technology. 1.2

More information

Unit 4 - Cellular System Design, Capacity, Handoff, and Outage

Unit 4 - Cellular System Design, Capacity, Handoff, and Outage Unit 4 - Cellular System Design, Capacity, Handoff, and Outage Course outline How to access the portal Assignment. Overview of Cellular Evolution and Wireless Technologies Wireless Propagation and Cellular

More information

Mobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 4: Cellular Concepts & Dealing with Mobility. [Reader, Part 3 & 4]

Mobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 4: Cellular Concepts & Dealing with Mobility. [Reader, Part 3 & 4] 192620010 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 4: Cellular Concepts & Dealing with Mobility [Reader, Part 3 & 4] Geert Heijenk Outline of Lecture 4 Cellular Concepts q Introduction q Cell layout q Interference

More information

M Y R E V E A L - C E L L U L A R

M Y R E V E A L - C E L L U L A R M Y R E V E A L - C E L L U L A R The hexagon cell shape If we have two BTSs with omniantennas and we require that the border between the coverage area of each BTS is the set of points where the signal

More information

Electromagnetic Interference Compatibility for Mobile Communication System. Abstract

Electromagnetic Interference Compatibility for Mobile Communication System. Abstract Commission E: Electromagnetic Noise and Interference (e) Scientific basis of noise and interference control Electromagnetic Interference Compatibility for Mobile Communication System M.K Raina, Kirti Gupta

More information

SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK

SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE 641107 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK EC6801 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT-I WIRELESS CHANNELS PART-A 1. What is propagation model? 2. What are the

More information

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking. Hung-Yu Wei g National Taiwan University

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking. Hung-Yu Wei g National Taiwan University Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking Lecture 3: Multiplexing, Multiple Access, and Frequency Reuse Hung-Yu Wei g National Taiwan University Multiplexing/Multiple Access Multiplexing Multiplexing

More information

CMC VIDYA SAGAR P. UNIT IV FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT Numbering and grouping, Setup access and paging

CMC VIDYA SAGAR P. UNIT IV FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT Numbering and grouping, Setup access and paging UNIT IV FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT Numbering and grouping, Setup access and paging channels, Channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, Channel sharing and barrowing, sectorization,

More information

Cellular Wireless Networks. Chapter 10

Cellular Wireless Networks. Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks Chapter 10 Cellular Network Organization Use multiple low-power transmitters (100 W or less) Areas divided into cells Each cell is served by base station consisting of transmitter,

More information

Mobile Communication Systems

Mobile Communication Systems Mobile Communication Systems Part II- Traffic Engineering Professor Z Ghassemlooy Electronics & IT Division Scholl of Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University U.K. www.shu.ac.uk/ocr Contents Problems +

More information

Lecture 2: The Concept of Cellular Systems

Lecture 2: The Concept of Cellular Systems Radiation Patterns of Simple Antennas Isotropic Antenna: the isotropic antenna is the simplest antenna possible. It is only a theoretical antenna and cannot be realized in reality because it is a sphere

More information

Cellular Wireless Networks and GSM Architecture. S.M. Riazul Islam, PhD

Cellular Wireless Networks and GSM Architecture. S.M. Riazul Islam, PhD Cellular Wireless Networks and GSM Architecture S.M. Riazul Islam, PhD Desirable Features More Capacity Less Power Larger Coverage Cellular Network Organization Multiple low power transmitters 100w or

More information

UNIT- 3. Introduction. The cellular advantage. Cellular hierarchy

UNIT- 3. Introduction. The cellular advantage. Cellular hierarchy UNIT- 3 Introduction Capacity expansion techniques include the splitting or sectoring of cells and the overlay of smaller cell clusters over larger clusters as demand and technology increases. The cellular

More information

Data and Computer Communications

Data and Computer Communications Data and Computer Communications Chapter 14 Cellular Wireless Networks Eighth Edition by William Stallings Cellular Wireless Networks key technology for mobiles, wireless nets etc developed to increase

More information

Unit 2: Mobile Communication Systems Lecture 8, 9: Performance Improvement Techniques in Cellular Systems. Today s Lecture: Outline

Unit 2: Mobile Communication Systems Lecture 8, 9: Performance Improvement Techniques in Cellular Systems. Today s Lecture: Outline Unit 2: Mobile Communication Systems Lecture 8, 9: Performance Improvement Techniques in Cellular Systems Today s Lecture: Outline Handover & Roaming Hard and Soft Handover Power Control Cell Splitting

More information

Data and Computer Communications. Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks

Data and Computer Communications. Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks Data and Computer Communications Chapter 10 Cellular Wireless Networks Cellular Wireless Networks 5 PSTN Switch Mobile Telecomm Switching Office (MTSO) 3 4 2 1 Base Station 0 2016-08-30 2 Cellular Wireless

More information

Communication Switching Techniques

Communication Switching Techniques Communication Switching Techniques UNIT 5 P.M.Arun Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR NETWORKS TOPICS TO

More information

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2010

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2010 ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2010 Lecture 2 Today: (1) Frequency Reuse, (2) Handoff Reading for today s lecture: 3.2-3.5 Reading for next lecture: Rap 3.6 HW 1 will

More information

(Refer Slide Time: 00:01:29 min)

(Refer Slide Time: 00:01:29 min) Wireless Communications Dr. Ranjan Bose Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture No. # 5 Cell Capacity and Reuse We ll look at some the interesting features of

More information

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Fall Increasing Capacity and Coverage. Lecture 4

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Fall Increasing Capacity and Coverage. Lecture 4 ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Fall 2011 Lecture 4 Today: (1) Sectoring (2) Cell Splitting Reading today: 3.7; Tue: 4.1-4.3, 4.9. HW 1 due Friday 10am in HW locker (#3). Please

More information

CHAPTER 2. Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication ( )

CHAPTER 2. Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication ( ) CHAPTER 2 Instructor: Mr. Abhijit Parmar Course: Mobile Computing and Wireless Communication (2170710) Syllabus Chapter-2.1 Cellular Wireless Networks 2.1.1 Principles of Cellular Networks Underlying technology

More information

1. Classify the mobile radio transmission systems. Simplex & Duplex. 2. State example for a half duplex system. Push to talk and release to listen.

1. Classify the mobile radio transmission systems. Simplex & Duplex. 2. State example for a half duplex system. Push to talk and release to listen. 1. Classify the mobile radio transmission systems. Simplex & Duplex. 2. State example for a half duplex system. Push to talk and release to listen. 3. State example for a Simplex system. Pager. 4. State

More information

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Tenth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - 2013 CHAPTER 10 Cellular Wireless Network

More information

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks

SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks SEN366 (SEN374) (Introduction to) Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (8 th Week) Cellular Wireless Network 8.Outline Principles of Cellular Networks Cellular Network Generations LTE-Advanced

More information

2018/5/23. YU Xiangyu

2018/5/23. YU Xiangyu 2018/5/23 YU Xiangyu yuxy@scut.edu.cn Structure of Mobile Communication System Cell Handover/Handoff Roaming Mobile Telephone Switching Office Public Switched Telephone Network Tomasi Advanced Electronic

More information

Cellular Network. Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MSc., PhD

Cellular Network. Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MSc., PhD Cellular Network Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MSc., PhD Center for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER) Electrical Engineering Department - University of Indonesia E-mail: asvial@ee.ui.ac.id

More information

MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 2

MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 2 MSIT 413: Wireless Technologies Week 2 Michael L. Honig Department of EECS Northwestern University September 2017 1 Wireless Standards: Our Focus Cellular LAN MAN PAN Sensor/IoT GSM CDMA2000 WCDMA UMTS

More information

Wireless WANS and MANS. Chapter 3

Wireless WANS and MANS. Chapter 3 Wireless WANS and MANS Chapter 3 Cellular Network Concept Use multiple low-power transmitters (100 W or less) Areas divided into cells Each served by its own antenna Served by base station consisting of

More information

CHAPTER 19 CELLULAR TELEPHONE CONCEPTS # DEFINITION TERMS

CHAPTER 19 CELLULAR TELEPHONE CONCEPTS # DEFINITION TERMS CHAPTER 19 CELLULAR TELEPHONE CONCEPTS # DEFINITION TERMS 1) The term for mobile telephone services which began in 1940s and are sometimes called Manual telephone systems. Mobile Telephone Manual System

More information

Chapter 2 Cellular Wireless Communication

Chapter 2 Cellular Wireless Communication Chapter 2 Cellular Wireless Communication 2.1 Introduction Originally, the focus of mobile radio systems design was towards increasing the coverage of a single transceiver. A single powerful base station

More information

2.4 OPERATION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

2.4 OPERATION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR SYSTEMS 41 a no-traffic spot in a city. In this case, no automotive ignition noise is involved, and no cochannel operation is in the proximity of the idle-channel receiver. We

More information

The Cellular Concept

The Cellular Concept The Cellular Concept Key problems in multi-user wireless system: spectrum is limited and expensive large # of users to accommodate high quality-of-services (QoS) is required expandable systems are needed

More information

GSM FREQUENCY PLANNING

GSM FREQUENCY PLANNING GSM FREQUENCY PLANNING PROJECT NUMBER: PRJ070 BY NAME: MUTONGA JACKSON WAMBUA REG NO.: F17/2098/2004 SUPERVISOR: DR. CYRUS WEKESA EXAMINER: DR. MAURICE MANG OLI Introduction GSM is a cellular mobile network

More information

CCAP: A Strategic Tool for Managing Capacity of CDMA Networks

CCAP: A Strategic Tool for Managing Capacity of CDMA Networks CCAP: A Strategic Tool for Managing Capacity of CDMA Networks Teleware Co. Ltd. in cooperation with Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA What is CCAP Graphical interactive tool for CDMA Calculates

More information

Chapter 3 Cellular Concept

Chapter 3 Cellular Concept Chapter 3 Cellular Concept 6 3 7 3 5 6 7 6 7 7 5 Objectives To resolve spectral congestion and user capacity To provide additional radio capacity radio capacity with no additional increase in radio Methods

More information

CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS by VIDYA SAGAR POTHARAJU Associate Professor, Dept of ECE,. 1 TEXT BOOKS 1.Mobile and Cellular Telecommunications-W.C.Y.Lee 2 nd Edn, 1989. 2. Wireless Communications-Theodre.S.Rapport,

More information

Prof. Zygmunt J. Haas 1

Prof. Zygmunt J. Haas 1 Wireless Networks Spring 2013 Part #1: Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems and Networks Goals: Introduce the basic concepts of a Wireless System Understand the basic operation of a cellular

More information

Downlink Erlang Capacity of Cellular OFDMA

Downlink Erlang Capacity of Cellular OFDMA Downlink Erlang Capacity of Cellular OFDMA Gauri Joshi, Harshad Maral, Abhay Karandikar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India 400076. Email: gaurijoshi@iitb.ac.in,

More information

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept COE 543 Mobile and Wireless Networks Term 0 Dr. Ashraf S. Hasan Mahmoud Rm -148-3 Ext. 174 Email: ashraf@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa 4//003

More information

Introduction to Wireless Communications

Introduction to Wireless Communications Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Introduction to Wireless Communications Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Wireless Communication Systems Network Radio

More information

1) The modulation technique used for mobile communication systems during world war II was a. Amplitude modulation b. Frequency modulation

1) The modulation technique used for mobile communication systems during world war II was a. Amplitude modulation b. Frequency modulation 1) The modulation technique used for mobile communication systems during world war II was a. Amplitude modulation b. Frequency modulation c. ASK d. FSK ANSWER: Frequency modulation 2) introduced Frequency

More information

3.1. Historical Overview. Citizens` Band Radio Cordless Telephones Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS)

3.1. Historical Overview. Citizens` Band Radio Cordless Telephones Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) III. Cellular Radio Historical Overview Introduction to the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) AMPS Control System Security and Privacy Cellular Telephone Specifications and Operation 3.1. Historical

More information

2016/10/14. YU Xiangyu

2016/10/14. YU Xiangyu 2016/10/14 YU Xiangyu yuxy@scut.edu.cn Structure of Mobile Communication System Cell Handover/Handoff Roaming Mobile Telephone Switching Office Public Switched Telephone Network Tomasi Advanced Electronic

More information

CS Mobile and Wireless Networking Homework 1

CS Mobile and Wireless Networking Homework 1 S 515 - Mobile and Wireless Networking Homework 1 ate: Oct 16, 2002, Wednesday You may benefit from the following tools if you wish: scientific calculator function plotter like matlab, gnuplot, or any

More information

Lecture 8: Frequency Reuse Concepts

Lecture 8: Frequency Reuse Concepts EE 499: Wireless & Mobile ommunications (082) Lecture 8: Frequency Reuse oncepts Dr. Wajih. bu-l-saud Trunking and Grade of Service (GoS) Trunking is the concept that allows large number of users to use

More information

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYNDEY

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYNDEY Cover Page - Type B: THIS PAPER MUST NOT BE REMOVED FROM EXAM CENTRE TO BE RETURNED AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYNDEY SURNAME: FIRST NAME: STUDENT NO: COURSE: AUTUMN SEMESTER

More information

Chapter 2 Overview. Duplexing, Multiple Access - 1 -

Chapter 2 Overview. Duplexing, Multiple Access - 1 - Chapter 2 Overview Part 1 (2 weeks ago) Digital Transmission System Frequencies, Spectrum Allocation Radio Propagation and Radio Channels Part 2 (last week) Modulation, Coding, Error Correction Part 3

More information

Wireless Mobile Communication. 2 MARKS QUESTIONS previous question paper questions

Wireless Mobile Communication. 2 MARKS QUESTIONS previous question paper questions Wireless Mobile Communication Question Bank with Solutions 2 MARKS QUESTIONS previous question paper questions 1. What is Microcell? State it Drawbacks Microcell network is served by a low power cellular

More information

Technical Requirements for Cellular Radiotelephone Systems Operating in the Bands MHz and MHz

Technical Requirements for Cellular Radiotelephone Systems Operating in the Bands MHz and MHz Issue 7 September 2008 Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Standard Radio System Plan Technical Requirements for Cellular Radiotelephone Systems Operating in the Bands 824-849 MHz and 869-894 MHz

More information

Chapter 8 Traffic Channel Allocation

Chapter 8 Traffic Channel Allocation Chapter 8 Traffic Channel Allocation Prof. Chih-Cheng Tseng tsengcc@niu.edu.tw http://wcnlab.niu.edu.tw EE of NIU Chih-Cheng Tseng 1 Introduction What is channel allocation? It covers how a BS should assign

More information

ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems

ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems ECS455 Chapter 2 Cellular Systems 2.2 Co-Channel Interference r.rapun Suksompong prapun.com/ecs455 Office Hours: BK 360-7 Tuesday 9:30-0:30 Tuesday 3:30-4:30 Thursday 3:30-4:30 Co-Channel Cells: Ex. N

More information

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013 ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013 Lecture 3 Today: (2) Trunking Reading: Today: 4.2.2. Thu: Rap 3.7.2 (pdf on Canvas). 1 Trunking Trunking refers to sharing few channels

More information

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013 ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication ystems Lecture Notes, pring 2013 Lecture 2 Today: (1) Channel Reuse Reading: Today Mol 17.6, Tue Mol 17.2.2. HW 1 due noon Thu. Jan 15. Turn in on canvas or in the

More information

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) WINTER 16 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 17657 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)

More information

Page 1. Problems with 1G Systems. Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) EEC173B/ECS152C, Spring Cellular Wireless Network

Page 1. Problems with 1G Systems. Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) EEC173B/ECS152C, Spring Cellular Wireless Network EEC173B/ECS152C, Spring 2009 Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) Cellular Wireless Network Architecture and Protocols Applying concepts learned in first two weeks: Frequency planning, channel allocation

More information

Traffic Modelling For Capacity Analysis of CDMA Networks Using Lognormal Approximation Method

Traffic Modelling For Capacity Analysis of CDMA Networks Using Lognormal Approximation Method IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834, p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 4, Issue 6 (Jan. - Feb. 2013), PP 42-50 Traffic Modelling For Capacity Analysis of CDMA

More information

Chapter 5 The Cellular Concept

Chapter 5 The Cellular Concept hapter 5 The ellular oncept 1 ell Shape Actual cell/ideal cell Signal Strength Handoff egion ell apacity Traffic theory Erlang B and Erlang ell Structure Frequency euse euse Distance ochannel Interference

More information

(8+8) 6. (a) Explain the following in detail concern to the mobile system?

(8+8) 6. (a) Explain the following in detail concern to the mobile system? SET - 1 1. (a) Explain the operation of the cellular system? (b) Discuss analog cellular systems (AMPS) in detail? 2. (a) What is meant by frequency reuse? Explain various frequency reuse schemes and find

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1Motivation The past five decades have seen surprising progress in computing and communication technologies that were stimulated by the presence of cheaper, faster, more reliable

More information

Cellular Mobile Radio Networks Design

Cellular Mobile Radio Networks Design Cellular Mobile Radio Networks Design Yu-Cheng Chang Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Technology Management Chung Hua University, CHU Hsinchu, Taiwan d09603024@chu.edu.tw Chi-Yuan Chang CMC Consulting,

More information

S Radio Network planning. Tentative schedule & contents

S Radio Network planning. Tentative schedule & contents S-7.70 Radio Network planning Lecturer: Prof. Riku Jäntti Assistant: M.Sc. Mika Husso Tentative schedule & contents Week Lecture Exercise. Introduction: Radio network planning process No exercise 4. Capacity

More information

Redline Communications Inc. Combining Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Networks Supporting the Advanced Communication Services of Tomorrow.

Redline Communications Inc. Combining Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Networks Supporting the Advanced Communication Services of Tomorrow. Redline Communications Inc. Combining Fixed and Mobile WiMAX Networks Supporting the Advanced Communication Services of Tomorrow WiMAX Whitepaper Author: Frank Rayal, Redline Communications Inc. Redline

More information

Developing the Model

Developing the Model Team # 9866 Page 1 of 10 Radio Riot Introduction In this paper we present our solution to the 2011 MCM problem B. The problem pertains to finding the minimum number of very high frequency (VHF) radio repeaters

More information

Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications

Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications 9210-119 Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications Sample Paper You should have the following for this examination one answer book non-programmable calculator pen, pencil,

More information

Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT)

Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CONVERTING GE06 DVB-T ALLOTMENTS/ASSIGNMENTS

More information

Technical Requirements for Land Mobile and Fixed Radio Services Operating in the Bands MHz and MHz

Technical Requirements for Land Mobile and Fixed Radio Services Operating in the Bands MHz and MHz Provisional - Issue 1 March 2004 Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Policy Standard Radio System Plans Technical Requirements for Land Mobile and Fixed Radio Services Operating in the Bands 138-144

More information

REPORT ITU-R M

REPORT ITU-R M Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2113-1 Sharing studies in the 2 500-2 690 band between IMT-2000 and fixed broadband wireless access systems including nomadic applications in the same geographical

More information

Performance Analysis of Finite Population Cellular System Using Channel Sub-rating Policy

Performance Analysis of Finite Population Cellular System Using Channel Sub-rating Policy Universal Journal of Communications and Network 2): 74-8, 23 DOI:.389/ucn.23.27 http://www.hrpub.org Performance Analysis of Finite Cellular System Using Channel Sub-rating Policy P. K. Swain, V. Goswami

More information

CDMA - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

CDMA - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS CDMA - QUESTIONS & ANSWERS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cdma/questions_and_answers.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com 1. What is CDMA? CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. It is a wireless technology

More information

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013

ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013 ECE 5325/6325: Wireless Communication Systems Lecture Notes, Spring 2013 Lecture 1 Today: (1) Syllabus, (2) Cellular Systems Intro, (3) Power and Path Loss Readings: Molisch Chapters 1, 2. For Thursday:

More information