Dynamic Performances of Split-Shaft Microturbine Generator (MTG) and Diesel Generator as Distributed Energy Resources

Transcription

1 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 Dynamic Performance of Slit-Shaft Microturbine Generator (MTG) an Dieel Generator a Ditribute Energy Reource Bikah Da, Debariya Da Aitant Profeor, Deartment of Electrical Engineering,Sureme nowlege Grou of Intitution,Mankunu, Inia Profeor, Deartment of Electrical Engineering, Inian Intitute of Technology, haragur, Inia Abtract : Thi aer reent the ynamic analyi of loa following erformance of lit-haft microturbine generator (MTG) an Dieel Generator ytem coniering P-I tye loa following an P-I tye ee controller uner tan-alone moe of oeration. In thi aer microturbine ytem coule with a ynchronou generator (SG) i coniere. The ynamic erformance of lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem are alo examine when they are connecte together to atify the loa eman. Finally, the MTG an ieel generator ytem are connecte to an kv rural itribution network to examine the tranient behaviour uring active ower injection. Simulation reult for all the cae are analyze an reente in thi aer. eywor: Ditribute Generation ( DG ), Slit-Shaft Microturbine Generator( MTG ), Dieel Generator, See Controller, Loa Following Controller, Ditribution Network.INTRODUCTION With recent technological eveloment an to coe with raily increaing loa eman, itribute generation (DG ) become an inearable art of ower generation an itribution ytem. Sulying electric ower to the final uer through generation, tranmiion, an itribution ytem caue high amount of ower lo. By aoting itribute generation ytem thi loe can be reuce an alo it will be oible to uly electric ower to the rural area where utility gri can t uly electric ower. DG have variou benefit to the cutomer, utilitie, an to the environment. DG can be efine a mall an meium ize moular electric generation ytem near to the loa[]. The examle of DG ource are Solar cell, Win turbine, Microturbine, Dieel Generator, Fuel cell etc. DG ource can oerate in tanalone moe a well a when connecte to the utility gri. To integrate DG in the exiting electric network everal technical regulatory an inutrial aect nee to be followe []. Microturbine an ieel generator are very common examle of DG. Microturbine generator ( MTG ) are ueful for eak loa aving cutomer bae-loa requirement. It can alo be ue for tan by an cogeneration alication. Dieel Generator i well known generating ytem for back u uly an to uly electric ower to the rural area. Microturbine i a art of general evaluation of ga turbine technology with imrove erformance an efficiency. Microturbine are mall an imle cycle ga turbine with outut ranging from 5 kw to 500 kw. Low emiion technology which i incororate in MTG ytem make MTG ytem a an environment frienly generation ytem. MTG can run on ifferent fuel like natural gae methane, ethanol, other lan fill gae, an ieel. There are two tye of MTG ytem. One i high ee ingle haft unit with the comreor an turbine are mounte on the ame haft a the electric alternator; the turbine ee of ingle-haft MTG ytem i mainly range from rm to 0000 rm. Due to thi high ee of the turbine the alternator generate electric ower at high frequency (500 Hz 4000 Hz), which i converte to the rate frequency by uing a ower electronic interference. The other tye of MTG ytem i lit-haft MTG ytem in which the haft of the turbine i connecte to the haft of the generator via a gear box. Gear box i ue in the ytem to multily the ee. Slithaft eign of MTG ytem ue ower turbine which rotate at 3000 rm / 3600 rm an generate ower at rate frequency. So electronic interference i not require. Synchronou generator or inuction generator can be ue in the eign of MTG ytem. Detail eveloment of Microtrubine technology i icue in [,3,4]. Dieel Generator i a combination of ieel engine which run on ieel an an electrical alternator which convert the mechanical ower generate by ieel engine into electrical ower. Dieel Generator i a very reliable ource of electrical ower. It i ue in houe a well a in inutrie. The outut ower range of Dieel Generator i from few kw to few MW. The ynamic moeling of MTG ytem ha been tuie by everal reearcher. Loa following erformance of MTG ytem i tuie by Zhu an Tomovic [5], which how that the MTG ytem i caable of roviing loa following ervice. El-harkh et al [6] have tuie the loa following erformance of MTG ytem with fuel cell. El-Sharkh ue ee controller to kee the ee eviation of the ytem to it nominal value. Jurao an Saenz [7] have rooe an aative control technique to control the ytem for hybri ower ytem alication with fuel cell. Bertani et al [8] have tuie the ynamic erformance of MTG ytem in tan-alone an gri connecte moe of oeration. Ho et al [9] have tuie the Coyright to IJIREEICE 3

2 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 MTG ytem erformance when it i ue for cogeneration uroe. Saha et al [0] have tuie the loa following erformance of MTG ytem uner ifferent loaing conition. Malateta et al [] have reente the ynamic moel of Dieel Generator, he alo have tuie the ynamic moel of Dieel Generator when it i ue a a art of hybri ower generation ytem with win turbine. Stavro et al [] alo have tuie the ynamic erformance of win-ieel generation ytem in autonomou moe. Abin et al [3] eign a controller for a tan-alone hotovoltaic ieel generator unit uing roortional integral ( PI ) controller to control the generation of ower. Mot of the reearcher of MTG ytem have coniere ingle haft eign of MTG ytem. Single haft MTG ytem ue ermanent magnet ynchronou generator ( PMSG ) or aynchronou generator. Single haft eign of microturbine coule with PMSG or aynchronou generator i imle an it require ower electronic rectifier inverter to uly the loa at nominal voltage an frequency [5,8,4]. Aynchronou generator are cot effective an robut, but their ee een on loa an it alo require ower electronic interference for gri connection. On the other han ue of high ee PMSG for ingle haft MTG ytem have ome rawback, uch a high centrifugal force, more thermal tre, rotor loe ue to fringing effect, emagnetization effect, high cot etc [8,4]. Ue of ower electronic interference for ingle haft MTG ytem to convert the frequency of the generate ower to the nominal frequency alo caue harmonic in generate voltage. Very few reearcher have coniere lit haft eign of MTG ytem coule with ynchronou generator ( SG ), an tuie the ynamic erformance of MTG ytem but comlete block iagram rereentation with roer controller i not available in the literature [0,5]. Main avantage of lit haft MTG ytem i that it oe not require electronic interference to convert the frequency of the generate AC ower. Ue of SG for lit haft MTG ytem eliminate the nee of ower electronic interference for gri connection. In lit haft MTG ytem the turbine i connecte to the generator via a gear box to generate ower at nominal frequency ( 50 Hz / 60 Hz ). Dieel Generator mainly ue ynchronou generator [,] or PMSG [6]. Dieel Generator can be ue for hybri ower ytem with other ower generation ytem like win turbine, fuel cell, hotovoltaic ytem [,6,7,8]. In thi aer lit haft MTG ytem coule with SG i coniere. The loa following erformance of lit haft MTG ytem an Dieel Generator ha been tuie in tan alone moe of oeration an alo when MTG ytem an Dieel Generator are connecte together for ulying the loa eman ha been tuie. The main interet of thi aer i to control the active ower generation with minimal frequency eviation, for that PI controller i ue. For MTG ytem a roortional integral (PI) tye of loa following controller i ue to control active ower generation of MTG ytem an another PI tye of ee controller i ue to control frequency eviation of the ytem. For Dieel Generator one PI tye of loa following controller which control the active ower generation an one PI tye of ee controller which control the frequency eviation are ue. The ynamic erformance of MTG an Dieel Generator in tan alone moe ha been tuie an reente in thi aer. Thi reearch work i alo carrie out to tuy the erformance of lit haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem when they are connecte to a rural itribution. To the bet of the author knowlege, thi imortant iue wa alo not aree by the reviou reearcher.. ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS (a) Fat ynamic uch a lo of ower, fault, an tartu an hutown tranient are not coniere. (b) Main interet of thi aer i on the electro-mechanical behavior of the microturbine an Dieel Generator at normal oerating conition, where loa can change uenly or graually. (c) Uner normal ytem conition, acceleration control an temerature control are of no ignificance an ha not been coniere in the mathematical moel. 3. DYNAMIC MODELING OF SPLIT-SHAFT MICROTURBINE SYSTEM Zhu an Tomovic [5] have reente etail moel of lit-haft MTG ytem. They have ue GAST moel of ga turbine without roo to ecribe the etail moeling of lit-haft MTG ytem. Thi GAST moel i a Wetern Sytem Coorinating Council (WSCC) comliant moel an the moel i imle an follow all the guieline of moeling [9]. In thi aer author have ue wiely accete GAST turbine moel. The moel i hown in Fig., along with control ytem an ower ytem block. The main block are A. Burner:- Burner mainly conit of comreor an combution chamber, where firt the air i being reurize, after that fuel mixe with the reurize ga an burne in the chamber. Burner block can be rereente by a firt orer tranfer function with time contant of T. B. Turbine:- Outut of burner mean the hot an reurize ga i the inut to the turbine block, which rive the turbine an generate ower (P m ). Slit-haft turbine i rereente by a firt orer tranfer function block having time lag contant T. C. Temerature control loo:- Temerature control loo lay an imortant role in MTG ytem moeling. It control temerature of the ytem by controlling generate outut ower by MTG ytem. Temerature control loo ha a lag time contant of T 3. D. Control ytem:- For the uroe of controlling the ytem an to get otimal reult, control ytem lay a vital role. To control the generation of the MTG ytem one PI tye loa following controller i ue having roortional an integral gain of an i reectively. Another PI tye of ee controller having roortional an integral gain of an i reectively. The uroe of the ee controller i to uly electric ower to the loa with minimal frequency eviation. E. Power ytem:- The microturbine outut being the mechanical ower change ΔP m. If ΔP Le rereent an Coyright to IJIREEICE 3

3 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 electrical loa change, the ifference (ΔP m - ΔP Le ) i aborbe by the ower ytem, where the MTG ytem i connecte. Now (ΔP m - ΔP Le ) i accounte for in two way [0, ]: I. Rate of increae of tore kinetic energy (E) in the generator rotor. At cheule ytem frequency ( ), the tore energy i W 0 ke = H P rate kw-sec () Where P rate = rate caacity of MTG (kw) H = inertia contant (Sec). The kinetic energy i roortional to quare of the ee (hence frequency). The kinetic energy at frequency ( + ) i given by 0 W ke = W ( + f) ke W ke HP rate ( + f t W ke = HP rate ) t ( f) () II. It i aume that the loa i enitive to the ee (frequency) variation. However, for mall change in ytem frequency, the rate of change of loa with reect to frequency, that i P Le can be regare a f contant. Thi loa change can be exree a: P Le f. f = D. f (3) Where D = P Le = contant. f Therefore, the ower balance equation can be written a: P m P Le = HP rat e f + D f. P m P rate P Le P rate = H t t f + D P r f. P m u P Le u = f + D f. (4) H t Where D = D P rate (5) In Eqn. (4), ΔP m an ΔP Le are now in er unit (u) value. Taking the Lalace tranform of Eqn. (4), we get: f = P m P Le () D+ H f0 f = P m P Le () + T block a ecribe above the block iagram rereentation of the MTG ytem i hown in Fig.. The value of gain of the loa following controller an ee controller of MTG ytem are electe uing trial an error metho an taken a contant for thi tuy. Fig. : Block iagram rereentation of Slit-haft microturbine with P-I tye ee controller an P-I tye loa following controller 4. DYNAMIC MODELING OF DIESEL GENERATOR Moel of Dieel Generator in [, ] ecribe the ynamic behavior of mall ize Dieel Generator et. Thi moel i wiely accete a the tanar moel of Dieel Generator. A mentione Dieel Generator i a combination of ieel engine an an electric alternator. Dieel engine mainly conit of ee governor, a valve actuator ervomechanim an ieel engine. Valve actuator an ieel engine can be rereente by firt orer tranfer function with time lag contant of T m an T D reectively. A the variation of valve actuator value i very low an can be negligible for mall time interval [], the valve actuator i rereente by contant arameter. Governor work a feeback loo to kee ytem ee / frequency to the nominal value. Fig. how the block iagram rereentation of Dieel Generator with two P-I tye of controller. (6) One controller i loa following controller having Where, roortional an integral gain of D, an Di reectively T = H = ower ytem time contant. to control the generation of the Dieel Generator, an the D = other P-I tye of controller i ee controller with = gain of ower ytem. D roortional an integral gain of D, an Di reectively The arameter of the ytem moel are given in to uly the ower at nominal frequency. Aenix. Microturbine oe not have governor, o governor moel i omitte. A the effect of aming of To convert generate mechanical ower by ieel turbine on ynamic erformance i negligible [5], engine, to electric ower a ynchronou generator i ue. aming of the turbine i neglecte. Another imortant A like MTG ytem, ower ytem block alo can be art of MTG ytem i recuerator, which i a heat moele for Dieel Generator. The ower ytem block i exchanger to rie the efficiency of the MTG ytem. Due alo hown in Fig.. The arameter of the Dieel to very low reone time of recuerator, it ha little Generator ytem a hown in Fig. are given in influence on the time cale of our ynamic imulation, o Aenix. recuerator i not coniere in thi moel. It i alo aume that lit-haft MTG ytem ha 0% eak ower caacity. So L max = V max =.. Combing all the U U ΔP in i i T ΔP t ΔP c ΔP e T T 3 P ref ΔP g ΔP L e ΔP er T Coyright to IJIREEICE 33

4 i ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 R ΔP Dl Di D T m ΔP Dt T D ΔPDm D T D D Di D ΔP Dref Fig. : Block Diagram rereentation of Dieel Generator with P-I tye ee controller an P-I tye loa following controller 5. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SPLIT-SHAFT MTG AND DIESEL GENERATOR SYSTEMS IN STAND- ALONE MODE Dynamic erformance of lit-haft MTG ytem hown in Fig., an Dieel Generator hown in Fig. are analyze in thi ection for tan-alone moe of oeration. For thi tuy, it i aume that the MTG an Dieel Generator ytem were running on no-loa conition for 0 ec. After that a loa iturbance o.5 u i alie to both MTG an Dieel Generator ytem. Fig.3 an Fig.4 how the frequency eviation reone an active ower generation reone for both MTG an Dieel Generate ytem reectively. From Fig.3, it can be een that when uen loa iturbance i alie to both MTG an Dieel Generator ytem uen frequency ro occurre, an it take ome time to reach teay tate conition at which frequency eviation i zero. At teay tate the active ower generation of both MTG an Dieel Generator ytem i ame with the loa eman ( 0.5 u ) which can be een in Fig. 4. Comaring the ynamic erformance of MTG an Dieel generator ytem, it i een from Fig.3 an Fig.4 that the eak eviation an ettling time i more for MTG ytem a comare to that obtaine with Dieel generator ytem. From thi tuy it can be conclue that both lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem are caable for loa following erformance. Fig.4: Dynamic reone of generate active ower by lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem in u 6. COMBINED OPERATIONS OF SPLIT-SHAFT MTG AND DIESEL GENERATOR SYSTEMS. The block iagram rereentation of the combine moel i hown in Fig. 5. The total loa will be hare between the generating unit. For thi tuy it i aume that the loa haring i ame for both the generating unit, mean both MTG ytem an Dieel Generator ytem will hare 50% of the total loa eman. U U Di D ΔP in R i T Di D T m ΔP Dt ΔP t ΔP c ΔP e T T D Fig. 5: Block iagram rereentation of the ytem when lit-haft MTG ytem an Dieel Generator are connecte together T 3 ΔP Dm P ref ΔP g ΔP Dref ΔP L e ΔP er c Tc Fig. 3: Dynamic reone of frequency eviation of lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem in Hz To tuy the ynamic erformance of combine et of MTG an Dieel Generator ytem, it i aume that the combine ytem wa running on no-loa conition for 0 ec, after that a loa iturbance o.5 u i alie to the ytem. Fig. 6 & 7 how the frequency eviation reone of the combine ytem an active ower generation by each of the generating unit reectively. From Fig. 6,it can be notice that when uen loa i alie there i a eviation in frequency but at teay tate the frequency eviation become zero. At teay tate the active ower generation by each of the generating unit i generating 0.5 u of ower which can be een in Fig.7. Coyright to IJIREEICE 34

5 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 Fig. 6: Dynamic reone of frequency eviation of combine lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem in Hz From the ynamic analyi of lit-haft MTG ytem an Dieel Generator ytem connecte together it can be conclue that both the generating unit ( MTG an Dieel generator ytem ) work very well an uly require ower to the loa. To analyze the reone clearly it i coniere that the generating unit will tart oerating at ifferent time. For the firt 0 ec both the MTG an Dieel Generator unit were running on no-loa conition an at that time the active ower injection by the DG wa zero. Then at 0 ec MTG got connecte to the itribution network by cloing the Circuit breaker S with the et reference active ower generation ( P ref = 0.6 u ). After ome time, at time t = 70 ec, Dieel Generator ytem got connecte to the itribution network by cloing circuit breaker S with the et reference active ower generation ( P Dref = 0.4 u ). Fig. 9,0,, an 3 how the ynamic reone uring tranient imbalance. Initially ytem wa on no loa conition for 0 ec. Fig. 9 how the ynamic reone of active ower generation by MTG an Dieel Generator ytem. It can be een from Fig.9 that MTG ytem tart oerating at 0 ec an Dieel Generator tart oerating at 70 ec, an at teay tate both MTG an Dieel Generator ytem generate the ame active ower equal to the loa reference et oint ( 0.6 u for MTG ytem an 0.4 u for Dieel Generator ). Fig.7: Dynamic reone of active ower generation by iniviual generating unit contributing to the loa of combine lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem in u 7. ACTIVE POWER PENETRATION IN A RURAL RADIAL DISTRIBUTION NETWOR BY SPLIT- SHAFT MTG AND DIESEL GENERATOR SYSTEMS. To tuy the effect of active ower enetration in a rural raial itribution network by lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem, a noe kv rural itribution network hown in Fig. 8 i coniere. Data of thi itribution network i given in Aenix. Now a MTG ytem an a Dieel Generator ytem are connecte at noe 5 an noe 9 reectively through 440 V/ kv (Δ - Y) tranformer an circuit breaker S an S reectively. For MTG ytem the reference active ower generation (P ref ) i et at 0.6 u ( 50 kw ), an for Dieel Generator ytem the reference active ower generation ( P Dref ) i et at 0.4 u ( 00 kw ). So when both the DG ytem are in oeration, it will inject a total of 50 kw of active ower to the itribution network. Fig.8: Single line iagram of kv rural itribution network with MTG an Dieel Generator connecte to it Fig.9: Dynamic reone of active ower generate by lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem connecte to a noe rural itribution network Fig.0: Frequency eviation of DG connecte to the rural itribution network. Fig.0 how the frequency eviation of both the DG an it i een that at teay tate thee eviation are zero. Fig. how the ynamic reone of the voltage rofile of noe 8 of the itribution network. From Fig., it can be een that with the enetration of active ower by MTG an Dieel Generator, the voltage rofile of the noe 8 imrove ignificantly. Similar fining for voltage imrovement were alo oberve for other noe alo. Coyright to IJIREEICE 35

6 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 Fig. how the variation of active ower lo uring active ower enetration to the itribution network. From Fig., it i een that active ower lo ha ecreae from 0.7 kw to 4.63 kw Fig.: Dynamic reone of voltage magnitue at noe 8 of the rural itribution network Fig.: Variation of active ower lo of the rural itribution network ue to active ower enetration by MTG an Dieel Generator ytem in kw. The teay tate voltage magnitue of the network before an after connecting MTG an Dieel Generator ytem i given in Table. Significant imrovement of voltage rofile of the itribution network at teay tate can be notice when MTG an Dieel Generator are connecte to the rural raial itribution network. TABLE-: Voltage magnitue of noe of itribution network Noe no Voltage magnitue without DG connecte to the itribution network ( u ) Voltage magnitue with MTG ytem connecte at noe 5 an Dieel Generator connecte to noe 9 (u) CONCLUSIONS In thi work the ynamic analyi of Slit-haft microturbine coule with ynchronou generator an Dieel Generator ha been tuie coniering both P-I tye of loa following controller an P-I tye of ee controller. The tuy reveal that both lit-haft MTG ytem an Dieel Generator ytem work very well in tan-alone moe of oeration. Both the generating unit are caable to meet the loa eman an uly active ower to the loa. When loa eman i higher than the generating caacity of a ingle generating unit ( MTG/Dieel Generator ytem ) then more than one generating unit can be connecte together to meet the require loa eman. For thi uroe, MTG an Dieel Generator can be connecte together an from thi tuy it ha been foun that they together work very well. Dynamic reone of lit-haft MTG an Dieel Generator ytem have alo been examine when they are connecte to a rural itribution network. From the analyi it wa foun that uring tranient imbalance, they erform well an imrove the voltage rofile of the itribution network an reuce the active ower lo of the network at teay tate. REFERENCES [] T. Ackermann, G. Aneron, L. Soer, What i itribute generation?, 3 t North American Power Symoium, Sab Lui Obio, USA,. 3-39, - October 999 [] M. Suter, Active filter for a microturbine, in Proc. Int. Electrical engineering, Telecom energy conference (INTELEC00), Einburgh, U,. 6-65, 00. [3] D.. Nichol an. P. Loving, aement of microturbine generator, in Proc. IEEE PESGM, vol. 4, , July 003. [4] J. Peir, D. Reynaert an F. Verlaeten, A microturbine for electric ower generation, Senor Actuator, vol. 3, , 004. [5] Y. Zhu, an. Tomovic, Develoment of moel for analyzing the loa-followingerformance ofmicroturbine an fuel cell, Electric Power Sytem Reearch, vol.6,. -, May 00. [6] M. Y. El-Sharkh, N. S. Siworaharjo, M Uzunoglu, O. Onar an M. S. Alam, Dynamic behavior of PEM fuel cell an Microturbine ower lant, Journal of Power Source, vol.64,. 35-3, 007. [7] F. Jurao an J. R. Saenz, Aative control of a fuel cell microturbine hybri ower Plant, IEEE Tranaction on Energy Converion, vol. 8, no., , June 003. [8] A. Bettani, C. Boi, F. Fornari, S. Maucco, S. Selta an F. Tivegna, A microturbine generation ytem for gri connecte an ilaning oeration, Proc. IEEE Power Sytem Conf. Exo. (PES), vol., , October 004. [9] J. C. Ho,. J. Chua, S.. Chou, Performance tuy of a microturbine ytem for cogeneration alication, Renewable Energy, vol. 9,. -33, 004. [0] A.. Saha, S. Chowhury, S. P. Chowhury, an P. A. Croley, Moeling anerformance analyi of a microturbine a a itribute energy reource, IEEE Tranactionon Energy Converion, vol.4, no., , June 009. [] PB Malateta, MP Paaooulo, G Stavrakaki. Moelling an ientification of ieel win turbineytem for win enetration aement. IEEE Tran. on Power Sytem, vol. 8, iue 3, , 993. [] Stavro A Paathanaiou an Michael P Paaooulo, Dynamic characteritic of autonomou win ieel ytem, Renewable Energy,Volume 3, Iue,. 93 3, June 00, [3] E. S. Abin, A. M. Oheiba, an M. M. hater, Moeling an otimal controller eign for a tan-alone hotovoltaic- ieel generator unit, IEEE Tran. on Energy Converion, vol. 4, No. 3, , Setember 999. Coyright to IJIREEICE 36

7 ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) Vol., Iue 0, October 04 [4] A. Al-Hinai, an A. Feliachi, Dynamic moel of a microturbine ue a a itribute generator, in Proc. IEEE Sytem Theory,. 09-3, March 00. [5] M. alantar, S. M. Mouavi G, Dynamic behaviour of a Stanalone hybri ower generation ytem of win turbine, microturbine, olar array an battery torage. Alie Energy,vol. 87, No. 0, , 00. [6] M. A. Rahman, A. M. Oheiba, T. S. Rawan, an E. S. Abin, Moeling an controller eigh of an iolate ieel engine ermanent magnet ynchronour generator, IEEE Tran on Energy Converion, vol., No., , June 996. [7] TomonobuSenjyu, Tohiaki Nakaji, atumi Uezato, antohihia Funabahi, A hybrie ower ytem uing alternative energy facility in iolate ilan, IEEE Tran. on Energy Converion, vol. 0, No., , June 005. [8] J. A. M. Bleij, Win turbine ynamic reone ifference between connection to large utility network an iolate ieel micro-gri, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol., iue, , June 007. [9] M. Nagal, A. Mohref, G.. Morion, Exerience with teting an moeling of gaturbine In: Proc IEEE/PES, Winter Meeting00, Columbu, Ohio, USA, vol.,. 65-6, 00. [0] O. I. Elger, Electric energy ytem theory an introuction New Delhi: TataMcGraw Hill, 983. [] D. Da, Electrical ower ytem, New Age International () Limite Publication, 006. [] D. Canever, G. J. W. Dugeon, S. Maucco, J. R. Mc Donal, an F. Silvetro, Moel valiation an coorinate oeration of a hotovoltaic array an a ieel ower lant for itribute generation, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 00, vol., , 00. APPENDIX TABLE : Parameter of lit-haft MTG ytem moel Parameter Rereentation Value P r Rate Real ower generation caacity 50 kw T Fuel ytem lag time 0.0 contant T Fuel ytem lag time 0. contant T 3 Temerature control loo lag 3.0 time contant g Low value gate 0.7 t Temerature control loo.0 gain D Daming of generator H Inertia of generator 0.86 V max Maximum value oition. V min Minimum value oition -0. L max Temerature control loo. reference ' Proortional gain of loa -3.5 following controller ' i i Integral gain of loa following controller Proortional gain of ee controller Integral gain of ee controller Branc h no. Parameter Rereentation Value P Drate Rate caacity of Dieel 50kW Generator T m Value actuator lag time 0.05 contant T D Dieel engine lag time 0.5 contant H D Inertia of Dieel Generator.5 ytem D D Daming of Generator ytem Frequency 50 Hz R Droo of ee governor..4 D Proortional contant of loafollowing -0.5 controller. Di Integral contant of loafollowing -0.3 controller D Proortional contant of loa -0.3 frequency controller Di Integral contant of loa frequency controller -0. TABLE 4: Data of noe itribution network Sen ing en noe no. Recei ving en noe no. Branc h reita nce (ohm) Branc h reacta nce (ohm) Active ower loa at receiving en noe (kw) Reactive ower loa at receiving en noe (kvar) TABLE 3: Parameter of Dieel generator Coyright to IJIREEICE 37