TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR BUNCH SHAPE MEASUREMENTS
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1 TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR BUNCH SHAPE MEASUREMENTS A.Feschenko Institute For Nuclear Research (INR), Moscow 3, Russia
2 ),,, ( ),,, ( t z y x t y x ρ ϕ ρ Z,ϕ Y X ),,, ( t y x ϕ ρ dxd y t y x t J = ),,, ( ), ( ϕ ρ ϕ Bunch shape or or ydt dxd y x J = ),, ( ) ( ϕ ρ ϕ
3 The main requirement for Bunch Shape Measurements is sufficient Phase Resolution For typical Bunch Phase Durations ~ phase resolution must be about For f= MHz phase resolution of is equivalent to time resolution of ps. The equivalent bandwidth: Δ F = GHz. 3
4 R γ Δt R cβγ R cβ For W= МeV and R= сm ΔF=.5 GHz. Configuration of electric field of point charge moving in a metal pipe. The way out is localization of space region where the information transfer occurs.
5 There are different possibilities to shrink the area of information transfer:. Cherenkov radiation;. Detached electrons in case of H- (including photodetachment); 3. δ-electrons;. Transition radiation; 5. X-rays;. Electrons obtained due to residual gas ionization;. Low energy secondary electrons;. etc. 5
6 The main characteristics of Low Energy Secondary Electrons influencing BSM parameters Energy distribution Angular distribution Time dispersion (delay of emission) These characteristics almost do not depend on type or on energy of primary particles Time dispersion is principal reason of limitation of BSM phase resolution. Theoretical value of time dispersion for metals is s 5 s. Experiment gives the upper limit of time dispersion. Depending on the accuracy the upper limit was found to be from ( ±) ps to several hundred ps.
7 (Witkover R.L. A Non-destructive Bunch Length Monitor For a Proton Linear Accelerator // Nucl. Instr. And Meth. 9, V. 3, No., - pp. 3) Analyzed beam Secondary Electrons B Foil HV+RF Target Signal Analyzed beam Longitudinal Modulation
8 I.A.Prudnikov et all. A Device to Measure Bunch Phase Length of an Accelerated Beam. USSR invention license. H5h/, No., 93 (in Russian). Analyzed Beam RF Scan Beam Image e e HV Target Focusing Screen Transverse Circular Modulation
9 Configuration of INR Bunch Shape Monitor I(φ) Analyzed beam U м φ U V m foc + sin( nωt + ϕ) + ΔV st Secondary electrons I(Z) Сигнал 3 Z 5 U V m foc sin( nωt + ϕ) ΔV st - target, - input collimator, 3 - rf deflector combined with electrostatic lens, - output collimator, 5 collector of electrons 9
10 Evaluation of phase resolution Displacement of electrons at output collimator Z L = Z max sinϕ Phase resolution Δϕ = ΔZ L Z max where ΔZ L - full width at a half maximum of electron beam size for a δ-function bunch, Z max amplitude of electron displacement at output collimator. In practice we use: Δϕ = (σ ) Z + ( ΔZ max ) where ΔZ focused beam size observed experimentally for rf deflection off, σ rms size of the focused electron beam for a δ-function bunch
11 Example of electron trajectories Trajectories for optimum focusing and rf deflection off Z, мм Trajectories electrons efor two groups of electrons entering rf deflector at different phases (phase difference equals 5 at f=3 MHz) Z, мм
12 Dependence of Phase Resolution on Amplitude of Deflecting Voltage for different Input Collimators (f=35. MHz) Phase resolution, deg Ud, V.5 mm. mm.5 mm
13 Influence of analyzed beam space charge Increasing of the focused beam size Changing of the average position of the focused electron beam at the output collimator φ φ φ Δφ φ+δφ φ φ Aggravation of Phase Resolution Arising of Phase Reading Error δφ 3
14 Influence of analyzed beam space charge Phase Resolution, deg Phase, deg ma ma 5 ma 5 ma ma Phase Error, deg Phase, deg ma 5 ma 5 ma ma Resolution and phase reading error for W=3 MeV H-minus, σy=. mm, σz=. mm, σφ=3º, Zo= mm, f=3 MHz (Model #) Phase Resolution, deg ma.5 ma ma. 5 ma 5 ma.5 5 ma. 5 ma ma.5 ma Phase, deg Phase, deg Resolution and phase reading error for W= MeV, H-minus, σy=. mm, σz=. mm, σφ=.º, Zo= mm, f=3 MHz (Model #) Phase Error, deg
15 Results of experimental test of space charge influence in INR linac at MeV beam I I Without slit ma 3 With slit ма φ 3 φ 5
16 Detector Modifications. Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) for H-minus. Bunch Length and Velocity Detector (BLVD) 3. Detector of Thee-Dimensional Distribution of Particles in Bunches (3D- BSM)
17 Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) for H-minus H-minus H-minus H-minus W= MeV (5. kev) Relative unuts 5. kev.3 kev 3. kev 5. kev. kev 3 kev 5 kev W / Wmax Energy distribution of electrons passed through input BSM collimator
18 Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) for H-minus I(φ) Analyzed beam U targ Secondary electrons I(z) 3 5 B Z X Y X - target, - input collimator, 3 - rf deflector combined with electrostatic lens, - output collimator, 5 bending magnet, collimator, Secondary Electron Multiplier Signal
19 Bunch Length and Velocity Detector (BLVD) BLVD is a BSM, which can be mechanically translated along the beam line. A time of flight method of energy measurements is implemented. The translation results in a shift in phase of the observed distribution. Measuring the value of the translation and the value of the shift one can find an average velocity of the beam. The accuracy of velocity measurements: Systematic ±.% Total ±(.3.)%. 9
20 Three Dimensional Bunch Shape Monitor (3D-BSM) 5 3 Vertical Motion y x Electron beam Signal Horizontal Motion Analyzed beam U V + m t+ V foc sin( ω ϕ) Δ z x 3 channels U V m t+ + V foc sin( ω ϕ) Δ
21 BSMs developed and built in INR Тип детектора Лаборатория Анализируемый пучок Год запуска Кол. детекторов BSM ИЯИ РАН H+ ( МэВ, МэВ) 9 BSM SSC H- (,5 МэВ) 993 BLVD CERN Linac-3 Pb + (,5МэВ/н,,МэВ/н) 99 BSM SSC H- (,5 МэВ) BSM SSC H- ( МэВ) BSM SSC H- ( МэВ) 3D-BSM CERN Linac- H+ (5МэВ) 99 BLVD KEK H- ( 3 МэВ) 99 BSM DESY H- ( МэВ,3 МэВ) 99 BLVD DESY H- (5МэВ) 99 BLVD ИЯИ РАН H+ (МэВ) 99 BSM CERN Linac- H+ ( МэВ, 3 МэВ) 999, BSM SNS ORNL H- (,5 MэВ, 9 МэВ) 3- BSM SNS ORNL H- ( МэВ) BSM SNS ORNL H- ( ГэВ) 3 BSM CERN Linac- H- (3 МэВ) (3) BSM J-PARC H- ( МэВ) 3 BSM LANSCE H+,H- (,5; МэВ)
22 The first INR Bunch Shape Monitor 5 e 3б 3а Analyzed beam - kv ( target, input collimator, 3а electrostatic lens, 3б rf deflector, output collimator, 5 collector of electrons)
23 BSMs for DESY Linac-3 and CERN Linac- 3 Рез. () Рез. (3) 3
24 General View of SNS test BSM
25 BSM installed in D-plate (August 3) BSM installed in intersegments, 9 and of CCL Module # (July ) 5
26 BSM for new CERN Linac- (November )
27 5 3 9 BLVD for DESY Linac-3 ( detector body, target actuator, 3 rf deflector, registration unit, 5 corrector magnet, longitudinal motion guide rail, longitudinal motion actuator,,9 bellows, support)
28 BSMs for J-PARC Linac (August-September )
29 3D-BSM view 9
30 Examples of rf deflectors for BSMs. λ/ λ/ λ/ λ/ λ/ λ/ λ/ А Б В 3
31 Some Measurement Results Time, us Phase, deg 5 MHz 5 3 Phase, deg 5 MHz 3 3 Time, us.e+.e.e- Relative units.e-3.e-.e.e-.e- 3 3 Phase, deg 5 MHz 3
32 Setting of accelerating field amplitude in DTL Tank of INR Linac ( MeV). Simulations., Δβ/β Δβ/β Δβ/β,3 -,3 -, -π/ I π/ -π/ π/ -π/ π/ I I -π/ π/ -π/ π/ -π/ π/ E=E E=,E E=,E Beam portraits in longitudinal phase space at the exit of Tank for different amplitudes 3
33 Setting of accelerating field amplitude in DTL Tank of INR Linac ( MeV). Experimental results..9eo.9eo.eo.eo 5 3,E',3E',E',99E',99E' Фаза, град (9. МГц) Bunch shapes for different amplitudes. 3 5 Фаза, град (9. МГц) Bunch shapes in the vicinity of extremum of functions I m (E) и Ф(E). Ф,град Im, отн.ед. Im Ф Ф,град Im, отн.ед. Im Ф E/E' Functions I m (E) and Ф(E) in the vicinity of extremum for nominal injection energy E/E' Functions Im(E) and Ф(E) in the vicinity of extremum for injection energy less than nominal value by %. 33
34 Longitudinal emittance in CCL of SNS Linac.... Energy deviation, MeV Bunch boundaries transformed to the entrance of CCL# and an equivalent phase ellipse Phase, rad.3. Energy deviation, MeV Energy deviation, MeV Phase, rad 5 MHz Equivalent phase space ellipses for different threshold levels. RMS bunch size definition is used Phase, rad 5 MHz Equivalent phase space ellipses for different threshold levels. Full width at the base bunch size definition is used 3
35 Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Integral projection of bunch on longitudinal vertical plane (phase-y). Some results of 3D-measurements at CERN Linac Integral beam cross section Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Integral projection of bunch on longitudinal horizontal plane (phase-x). 35
36 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
37 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
38 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
39 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
40 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
41 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
42 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
43 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
44 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
45 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
46 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
47 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
48 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
49 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
50 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
51 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
52 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
53 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
54 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
55 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
56 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
57 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
58 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
59 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
60 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
61 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
62 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
63 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
64 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
65 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
66 Behavior of 3-D distribution projection on longitudinal vertical and horizontal planes within the beam pulse Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Фаза, град (,5 МГц)
67 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
68 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
69 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
70 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
71 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
72 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
73 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
74 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
75 Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Интенсивность, отн. ед Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 5
76 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
77 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
78 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
79 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
80 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
81 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
82 Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Интенсивность, отн. ед Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #
83 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3 3
84 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3
85 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3 5
86 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3
87 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3
88 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3
89 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3 9
90 Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Интенсивность, отн. ед Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #3 9
91 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
92 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
93 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 93
94 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
95 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 95
96 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
97 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
98 Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Интенсивность, отн. ед Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch # 9
99 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5 99
100 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5
101 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5
102 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5
103 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5 3
104 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5
105 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5 5
106 Интенсивность, отн. ед Фаза, град (,5 МГц) Transverse cross section of a bunch in different phases and at different moments of time within the beam pulse Bunch #5
107 Summary Bunch shape monitors with RF scanning of low energy secondary electrons developed and bult in INR are used for longitudinal parameters measurements of beams of different particles (protons, H-minus ions, heavy ions) within the energy range from several MeV to GeV in several accelerators. The accuracy of measurements is about º at several hundred MHz.
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