The stamp-collection plotting approach: What monitoring data do we actually have?

Transcription

1 The stamp-collection plotting approach: What monitoring data do we actually have? Nils Reich Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany

2 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

3 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

4 Introduction: What is monitored? slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk, but slightly adapted G I V DC I DC P DC V AC I AC P AC PV array Inverter Grid T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield I C Array capture losses I S System losses PR

5 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? slide stolen from Achim Woyte, next talk G I V DC I DC P DC V AC I AC P AC PV array Inverter Grid T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield I C Array capture losses I S System losses PR

6 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? slide stolen from Achim Woyte, but added some entropy G I PV array V DC I DC P DC Inverter V AC I AC P AC T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

7 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Adding more entropy in the next slides! G I PV array V DC I DC P DC Inverter V AC I AC P AC T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

8 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer - global horizontal - plane-of-array G - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA POA in tracked systems Sun-Tracking sensors - diffuse (shading ball) - direct beam y r Reference yield PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity V DC I DC P DC y A Array yield Inverter V AC I AC P AC y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

9 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Actual system data Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

10 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

11 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

12 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield Calculated quantities PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

13 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter P AC,array y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture PR_array losses often only for sub-systems

14 Monitoring Data: What is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter P AC,array and how is it monitored? y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield Data from inverters? Data from supposedly better quality monitoring? Data from high-quality monitoring? y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems

15 Collecting data looked quite challenging especially with so many participating Task 13 members from all over the world Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter P AC,array and how is it monitored? y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems

16 To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps! Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

17 To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps! Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

18 To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps! Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

19 To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps! Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

20 To master this challenge in Task 13: Stamps! Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array V DC,system I DC,system P DC,system System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

21 Stamp-collection of PV monitoring data

22 PV-stamp-collection One week of data over time

23 PV-stamp-collection One week of data over time G poa T amb T mod V dc I dc P ac PR

24 PV-stamp-collection G T amb T mod V dc I dc P dc PR

25 PV-stamp-collection Relations of quantities during this week

26 PV-stamp-collection Relations during one year

27 Detailing a few of these relations

28 DC power over irradiance intensity

29 DC power over irradiance intensity G?-)

30 DC power over irradiance intensity G G sensor failure

31 DC power over irradiance intensity G G sensor failure?

32 DC power over irradiance intensity G G sensor failure

33 DC power over irradiance intensity G G sensor failure

34 DC power over irradiance intensity G G sensor failure Entire ourtage

35 DC & AC Power over G POA PDC PAC Quite some scattering can be observed

36 DC to AC ratio

37 As a function of G POA DC-PR Inverter efficiency

38 DC-PR as a function of T mod

39 DC-PR as a function of T mod

40 DC-PR as a function of T mod Irradiance intensity effects Temperature related

41 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

42 We collected many collections

43 We collected many collections

44 We collected many collections

45 We collected many collections

46 We collected many collections in master/slave mode

47 The Task 13 members collected many collections

48 The Task 13 members collected many collections This is 18 collections with 35 plots each

49 And had fruitful discussions

50 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

51 Day of year IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Carpet-plots Example of color coded G poa Hour of day Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

52 Day of year IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Carpet-plots Example of color coded G poa Hour of day Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

53 Day of year IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Carpet-plots Hour of day Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

54 Time-stamps imply sun-position is known PR color encoded (red=high, blue = low)

55 Time-stamps imply sun-position is known PR PR_dc η inverter

56 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle Projection of sun elevation (yellow) onto a vertical plane orthogonal to the azimuth of the module rows (red)

57 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

58 DC Power IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY kwh production normalized to RGB DC Voltage Plots created by Stefan Mau (GHGL)

59 Tracker azimuth IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Tracking failures? (astronomical) Solar azimuth Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)

60 Different tracking mechanisms Astronomical based on sky radiance distributions Plots created by Anton Driese (Fhg ISE)

61 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

62 Summary and conclusions The stamp-plot approach proved very helpful Enabled collection of data from many contributors Fostered discussions, eased exchange of expertise Also special phenomena can be covered The stamps have the risk to be confusing, too The diversity can lead to confusion The sheer amount of plots can also be an obstacle We sensed the need to focus & develop user guidelines

63 A big Thank You! to all contributors and you for your kind attention

64 Still enough time????

65 Monitoring inverter power limitation