PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting with the Solmetric PV Analyzer
|
|
- Gwenda Franklin
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting with the Solmetric PV Analyzer April 11, 2013 Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer cell
2 Review of I-V Curves
3 I-V and P-V Curves Expect this shape for un-shaded, healthy modules & strings Current Power I-V curve Isc Pmax Imp P-V curve Voltage Vmp Voc *P-V curve is calculated from the measured I-V curve
4 I-V Curve Deviations Each represents a reduction of generating power Current (A) Isc Reduced current Normal I-V curve Increased slope Any reduction of the knee of the curve means reduced output power. Reduced slope Max power point Mismatch losses (incl. shading) Voltage (V) Reduced voltage Voc Conventional measurements do not reveal many of these effects
5 Current How I-V Curve Tracing Works (in concept) Current Voltage (I) 2 (V) Read I & V 1 Adjust the load resistor 3 Plot the point (V) (I, V) (I) A curve tracer instrument does all of this automatically The load may be resistive, capacitive, or electronic Voltage
6 Solmetric PV Analyzer
7 Solmetric PVA-600 PV Analyzer 600V, 20A (1000V version coming) Measured vs predicted (5 dots) PC-based (control, display, storage) Wireless interface for convenience and workplace safety
8 How it works Irradiance sensor (in plane of array) Temperature sensor (module backside) All wireless Module make & model Tilt Azimuth Irradiance Module temperature Latitude Longitude Date & time Built-in PV models 5 dots predict curve shape PV Module or string
9 How the Solmetric PV Analyzer Works Bleed resistor Switch Controller & Wireless Capacitor (1 of 3) V sense PV Test Leads I sense NEMA 4X FG Enclosure The PV Analyzer uses a capacitor as the load. Current and voltage change smoothly, at controlled rate, across the voltage range, ideal for accurately testing high efficiency modules.
10 Solmetric PV Analyzer Users I-V curve tracing is embedded in the PV community EPC organizations System Integrators Electrical contractors Module Manufacturers I Consulting Engineers Inverter Manufacturers V O&M Companies Technical colleges IBEW Training Centers Training Organizations
11 PV Analyzer Benefits Greater productivity One measurement per string (& one hookup at combiner box) Allows testing array performance before inverter is online Instant performance check via built-in PV models Automated data analysis and reporting Faster troubleshooting Greater insight I-V curve is the most complete performance measurement possible, capturing Isc, Voc, Imp, Vmp, Pmax, plus the entire I-V curve Independent Pmax measurement for each string Helps us think like a PV array
12 Setup & Measurement - Commercial Systems
13 Setup and Measurement Example: Measuring strings at a combiner box Hardware setup (do once at each combiner box): 1. Move the sensors (if necessary to stay in wireless range) 2. Open the DC disconnect of the combiner box 3. Lift the string fuses 4. Clip PV Analyzer test leads to the buss bars Electrical measurement (repeat for each string): 1. Insert a string fuse 2. Press Measure 3. View and save results 4. Lift the fuse seconds, typically
14 Example Measurement Setup Courtesy of Chevron Energy Solutions 2011
15 Wireless Sensor Kit Irradiance & temperature sensors Irradiance transmitter. K-type thermocouple Omega Part # 5SRTC-GG-K Receiver (USB) Temperature transmitter
16 SolSensor Wireless PV Reference Sensor Integrated construction Silicon irradiance sensor with temperature compensation and software Compatible with external irradiance sensors via auxiliary port Two thermocouples Tilt sensor Clamps to module frame in plane of array 100m wireless range Tripod mounting option Rechargeable
17 Measurement Process 860kW 7-inverter system 1. Open the DC disconnect for the sub-array that you want to test. Courtesy of Portland Habilitation Center and Dynalectric Oregon
18 Measurement Process 2. Locate the combiner box Courtesy of Portland Habilitation Center and Dynalectric Oregon
19 Measurement Process Combiner box wiring 3. With a clamp-meter, verify that the load has been disconnected. 4. Then lift all of the fuses. Courtesy of Portland Habilitation Center and Dynalectric Oregon
20 Measurement Process Insert a single fuse to test the corresponding string 5. Clip the PV Analyzer to the buss bars. 6. Push down a fuse and make an I-V curve measurement. Lift fuse again. 7. View and save results. 8. Repeat for the other strings. Courtesy of Portland Habilitation Center and Dynalectric Oregon
21 Setup & Measurement Residential Systems
22 SolSensor Setup Clamp SolSensor to a module frame Tape thermocouple tip to backside Press the ON button (glows red)
23 Accessing PV Source Circuits for performance measurements Warning: Shut down inverter and open DC disconnect before accessing PV source circuits J-Box Small Residential System DC Disco 4 Inverter DC Disco AC Larger Residential System 1 2 DC Combiner Box 3 DC Disco 5 4 Inverter DC Disco AC Access = Isolating the source circuit + Connecting to it Choose the safest, most convenient point Sometimes you ll need two access points for one string
24 Accessing PV Circuits at an integrated DC disconnect 1. Open the AC and DC disconnects 2. Lift the string fuses 3. Connect the PV Analyzer test leads to the grounded conductor terminal strip and to the ungrounded conductor fuse clip (supply side), observing correct polarity. Use the Solmetric armored, high-current test leads. Attach the supplied alligator clips or high-current probes like the Fluke model FTP. Usually can t alligator clip to a terminal block because of the insulating plastic cover. Install a short, insulated, temporary wire pigtail in the terminal block, to clip to.
25 Unbroken Conductor Runs The most common example is a negative-grounded system with the negative conductors passing unbroken through a DC disconnect switch. Grounded conductors passing through the enclosure unbroken Can isolate the PV source circuits by opening the switch, and connect to them at the top (supply side) of the switch. Connect to the grounded conductors by attaching a pigtail to their terminal block at the inverter.
26 Live Demo of PV Analyzer Software
27 Irradiance Issues
28 Low Irradiance Problem: Max power performance at low irradiance is not a good predictor of performance at high irradiance. Solution: Negotiate for new date. If that s not possible, test for function, and re-test later for performance.
29 Unstable Irradiance Problem: Unstable irradiance introduces error in irradiance and temperature measurements, making data analysis less accurate. Solution: Trigger tests at moments when irradiance is high Use real-time, wireless sensors rather than manual sensors & data entry.
30 Irradiance (W/m 2 ) Effect of Time Delay Between I-V and irradiance measurements 980 PV performance measurements can be less accurate under conditions of unstable irradiance, even if the irradiance is nominally high. Here is why There is typically some small time delay between the I-V curve and irradiance measurements. As shown in this graph, if the irradiance changes during this time delay, the measured irradiance value will not be representative of the condition under which the I-V curve was measured. In other words, under unstable irradiance conditions, a time delay between the two measurements translates into irradiance measurement error. The longer the time delay, the more vulnerable the performance measurement is to this source of irradiance error s 10s 10s 10s 10s 10-second intervals This error is minimized when using real-time, wireless irradiance sensing with very short time intervals between irradiance measurements. At the other extreme, the error is maximized when you measure and enter irradiance values manually, because of the time these steps require.
31 Data Analysis
32 Frequency Current (Amps) Displays Generated by the I-V Data Analysis Tool String table (one row per string) String I-V combo graph (one per combiner) Voltage (Volts) 7 6 Distribution graph (for each parameter) Pmax (Watts)
33 Tour of the Data Analysis Tool
34 Measurement Examples
35 Current - A High Series Resistance Faulty module Neighboring strings String 4B14 String 4B Voltage - V
36 J-box failure Example of a series resistance problem Probably failure mode: Heat cycling bond degradation resistive heating
37 Hot Spots Backside view Backside view, closeup Frontside view
38 String of Field-aged, Early TF Modules Degraded fill factor, lower output power Array-as-sensor mode for viewing relative changes in curve shape
39 Dropped Cell String from shorted bypass diode Shorted bypass diode, or Mismatch causing diode to turn on when current starts flowing
40 Bypass Diodes
41 Bypass Diodes PV modules designed for grid-tie systems have extra components semiconductor bypass diodes designed to protect shaded, badly soiled, or cracked cells from electrical and thermal damage. Bypass diodes also allow nonshaded modules to keep producing, by shunting current around groups of shaded cells. In most module designs, the bypass diodes are mounted in the junction box on the module backside. In many cases, the junction box can be opened to test and replace the bypass diodes. Each bypass diode protects a different group of cells within the module. For example, in a 72-cell crystalline silicon module there may be three bypass diodes, each protecting a group of 24 cells, usually laid out as two adjacent columns as viewed in portrait mode.
42 Bypass Diodes This sketch shows current flow in a typical 72- cell PV module with 3 bypass diodes (shown at top). If none of the cells is seriously shaded or otherwise impaired in its ability to generate current, the current flows as shown by the green path. The bypass diodes do not conduct current. In the next slide, we shade a cell and the bypass diode protecting that cell group turns on, routing current around the partially shaded group.
43 Bypass Diodes In this sketch, a cell at lower right has been shaded. Assuming this module is loaded, the bypass diode protecting that group of cells turns on, routing current around that group, protecting the shaded cell. Another benefit of bypass diodes is that by eliminating the shade-induced restriction to current flow, they preserve the production of the non-shaded modules and cell groups.
44 Shading
45 Power Current I-V Curve of a Partially Shaded String Multiple knees multiple power peaks Peaks evolve as conditions change Inverter tries to find and track the highest peak Isc Depth of step is proportional to shading factor on most shaded cell Bypass diode turning on Voltage Voc
46 Partially shaded residential array Measure the single string mounted along lower edge of roof
47 I-V Curve of the partially shaded string Single string mounted along lower edge of roof Approximately 40% reduction in string s output power
48 Shading one cell string drops 1/3 of PV module voltage and power Shade 2 cells in the same cell-string Single module with 72 cells and 3 bypass diodes
49 The same amount of shade, oriented differently, drops 2/3 of PV module voltage and power. Shade 2 cells in adjacent cell-strings Single module with 72 cells and 3 bypass diodes
50 Tapered Shading
51 Current Tapered shading From adjacent row, parapet wall, railing, etc Isc Effect of tapered shade Voltage rows not parallel Voc This effect produces an I-V curve deviation similar to that of shunt loss The tapered sliver of shade causes a slight current mismatch across cell groups and modules In tilt-up system, the impact of this shade is felt only early and late in the day, at low sun angles In general, inter-row shading losses are greater if rows are crowded to increase peak capacity
52 Shade taper across a cell-string Single module with 72 cells and 3 bypass diodes
53 Non-Uniform Soiling
54 Random Non-uniform Soiling (seagull example) Effect is similar to random partial shading Shows up as steps or notches in the I-V curve
55 Lower Edge Soiling ( dirt dam ) Common in arrays with tilt less than 10 degrees Dirty Clean 50% of the power loss 50% of the power loss
56 Snow
57 Snow on Array (light cover)
58 Snow on Array (heavier cover)
59 Troubleshooting Using Selective Shading
60 I-V Curve Deviations Each represents a reduction of generating power Current (A) Isc Reduced current Normal I-V curve Increased slope Any reduction of the knee of the curve means reduced output power. Reduced slope Max power point Mismatch losses (incl. shading) Voltage (V) Reduced voltage Voc Conventional measurements do not reveal many of these effects
61 Selective Shading Technique String with one bad module Key to the technique: Blocking the light turns on the bypass diode, shorting out the cell group. Photo courtesy of Harmony Farm Supply and Dave Bell (shown)
62 Troubleshooting using selective shading to identify a bad module Current Isc Shading the bad module produces this blue curve, with no step. Shading any good module produces this red curve, still showing the step This is the string with no shade, showing a step. Voltage Voc The method can also be used to identify a bad cell string in a single module
63 PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting with the Solmetric PV Analyzer April 11, 2013 Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer cell
PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting. Solmetric PV Analyzer
PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting with the Solmetric PV Analyzer May 9, 2013 Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 Next webinar: May 30 http://www.solmetric.com/webinar.html
More informationCommissioning and Troubleshooting PV Arrays. Solmetric PV Analyzer
Commissioning and Troubleshooting PV Arrays with the Solmetric PV Analyzer November 14, 2013 Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 Topics Review of I-V Curves Introduction
More informationIntroducing the Solmetric PV Analyzer and the New Features of v2.0 PVA Software
Introducing the Solmetric PV Analyzer and the New Features of v2.0 PVA Software Next PVA Webinar November 29, 10am PST http://www.solmetric.com/ webinar.html Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com
More informationNew Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting
New Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting Solmetric PVA-600 Megger MIT430 Paul Hernday Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 April 5, 2012 Audio is available by telephone
More informationNew Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting
New Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting November 10, 2011 Paul Hernday Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 Bryan Bass R&D Engineer bryan@solmetric.com Solmetric
More informationNew Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting
New Tools for PV Array Commissioning and Troubleshooting June 30, 2011 Paul Hernday Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 Bryan Bass Sales Engineer bryan@solmetric.com Solmetric Solutions
More informationSolmetric PVA-600 PV Analyzer
Introducing the Solmetric PVA-600 PV Analyzer Paul Hernday PV Applications Engineer http://www.solmetric.com/pva600.html Bryan Bass Sales Engineer Topics Introduction to Solmetric Verifying PV array performance
More informationAnalysis and Reporting of I-V Curve Data from Large PV Arrays
Analysis and Reporting of I-V Curve Data from Large PV Arrays Solmetric Webinar December 12, 2013 Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com cell 707-217-3094 Goals of I-V Curve Data
More informationSolmetric PVA-1000S Startup Training
Solmetric PVA-1000S Startup Training March 22, 2015 Instructor: Paul Hernday Senior Applications Engineer paul@solmetric.com Topics Introduction to the PVA-1000S PV Analyzer Using the software Making I-V
More informationSolmetric White Paper: Winning Contracts with PV Array Testing
Solmetric White Paper: Winning Contracts with PV Array Testing Contents Introduction...1 Background: I-V Curves in Field Applications...2 What is an I-V curve?...2 Where has I-V curve tracing been used
More informationFor more information:
Verify Tab Click on the Verify tab to compare the measured and predicted max power values. Their ratio, in percent, is the Performance Factor. Solmetric PVA-600 PV Analyzer Quick Start Guide History Tab
More informationAdvanced Test Equipment Rentals
Established 1981 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals Solmetric PVA-600 PV Analyzer Quick Start Guide www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) : When using the wireless PVA Sensor Kit or manual sensors, the end
More informationLaboratory 2: PV Module Current-Voltage Measurements
Laboratory 2: PV Module Current-Voltage Measurements Introduction and Background The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic is the basic descriptor of photovoltaic device performance. A fundamental understanding
More informationField Applications. for I-V Curve Tracers. Silicon PV modules are. By Paul Hernday. I-V Curve Measurements
Field Applications for I-V Curve Tracers By Paul Hernday Courtesy Integrated Energy Systems, Pittsburg Unified School District, Sage Renewables, Solmetric, Stellar Energy Solutions While indispensible
More informationMC Solarline 2 MC4 pin crimper for 10/12 AWG wire MC Solarline 2 open-end spanner set (2-pack)
Tools Array and Battery Cable Tools PV Cable Assembly Tools Crimp-on PV cable connectors (See Wire and Cable section) require special tools to properly attach the connectors. Single- purpose tools from
More informationPV200. Why buy the PV200? The most compact I-V curve tracer around.
The PV200 is a compact & cost effective I-V curve tracer that uses simple push button operation making it an efficient and versatile tester for PV systems. 999 datasets can be stored on the instrument
More informationCHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DERIVED SPV ARRAY CONFIGURATIONS UNDER PARTIAL SHADED CONDITIONS
60 CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DERIVED SPV ARRAY CONFIGURATIONS UNDER PARTIAL SHADED CONDITIONS 4.1 INTRODUCTION The basic configurations have been discussed in the last chapter. It is understood
More informationUpsolar Smart Modules
Upsolar Smart Modules Optimized by Energy Improve ROI with No Upfront Cost Smart Modules optimized by Energy deliver more energy, active management and enhanced safety through state-ofthe-art module-embedded
More informationLeading the World in PV Test Solutions
seawardsolar.com Leading the World in PV Test Solutions seawardsolar.com/usa The Seaward Solar range of electrical safety test solutions enables PV installers to meet all testing and certification requirements
More informationPeter Hoberg VP Marketing
Peter Hoberg VP Marketing Topics Why measure shade? Important terms and concepts Operating the Solmetric SunEye Resources for more information Why measure shade? Choose optimum location for panels Predict
More informationPV210. Why buy the PV210?
The PV210 is a compact & cost effective I-V curve tracer that utilizes NFC technology, eliminating the need for a laptop on site. I-V curve tracing is made fast with simple push button operation; making
More informationEngineering Thesis Project. By Evgeniya Polyanskaya. Supervisor: Greg Crebbin
Simulation of the effects of global irradiance, ambient temperature and partial shading on the output of the photovoltaic module using MATLAB/Simulink and ICAP/4 A report submitted to the School of Engineering
More informationTraditional PWM vs Morningstar s TrakStar MPPT Technology
Traditional PWM vs Morningstar s TrakStar MPPT Technology Morningstar s MPPT charge controllers use our patented TrakStar advanced control MPPT algorithm to harvest maximum power from a Solar Array s peak
More informationUnderstanding Solar Energy Teacher Page
Understanding Solar Energy Teacher Page Photovoltaic Power Output & I-V Curves Student Objective The student: will be able to determine the voltage, current and power of a given PV module given the efficiency,
More informationQuality Assurance in Solar with the use of I-V Curves
Quality Assurance in Solar with the use of I-V Curves Eternal Sun Whitepaper Written by: RJ van Vugt Introduction I Installers, wholesalers and other parties use performance tests in order to check on
More informationPV Activity 3 PV Loads
The purpose of this activity is to investigate the current and voltage output of photovoltaic cells when connected to various loads. This activity includes an optional extra investigation related to power
More informationTools for field testing
Tools for field testing Gianluca Corbellini - SUPSI October 6 th 2015 1 Agenda 1. Introducing SUPSI 2. Context of PV testing 3. State of the art field testing 4. Procedure for inverter testing 5. Procedure
More informationBETTER DESIGN BETTER MATERIALS BETTER PROCESSES BETTER MODULES
BETTER DESIGN BETTER MATERIALS BETTER PROCESSES BETTER MODULES TM FULL RANGE OF CERTIFIED MODULES Mono Crystalline Watt to 50 Watt Poly (Multi) Crystalline Watt to 80 Watt Glass Cells High Efficiency A-Grade
More informationInsulation Testers and Earth Ground Testers
Insulation Testers and Earth Ground Testers With a 5000 V MegOhmMeter for industrial-strength insulation testing and a range of compact hand-held instruments, we offer a solution for every troubleshooting
More informationMaximum Power Point (Student Handout) (The Principles of Optimizing Photovoltaic Cell Power Output)
Name(s): Maximum Power Point (Student Handout) (The Principles of Optimizing Photovoltaic Cell Power Output) Part 1: Investigating How a Photovoltaic (PV) System Works Take a look at the animation of a
More informationInsulation resistance testing. A complete solution for every application.
Insulation resistance testing A complete solution for every application. Why perform insulation testing? Safety The most important reason for testing insulation is to ensure public and personal safety.
More informationCP /240-MC4 User Manual
CP-250-60-208/240-MC4 User Manual Chilicon Power LLC Jan 2014 1 CONTENTS Important Safety Instructions... 3 Safety Instructions... 3 CP-250 Microinverter System Introduction... 4 Inverter Label Information...
More information1 Exam Prep Photovoltaic System Design Questions and Answers
1 Exam Prep Photovoltaic System Design Questions and Answers 1. All of the following are major elements to consider when properly designing PV system EXCEPT? A. energy use B. energy storage C. energy conservation
More informationSolmetric PV Analyzer
Solmetric PV Analyzer I-V Curve Tracer with SolSensor PVA-1000S, PVA-600 + User s Guide Copyright Solmetric Corporation, 2010 2014 All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without
More informationUnderstanding Potential Induced Degradation for LG NeON Model
Understanding Potential Induced Degradation for LG NeON Model Table of Contents 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. PID Mechanism 4 3. LG NeON model PID Characterization 5 4. Description 7 6. Test Result 11
More informationSCATT Biathlon shooting trainer User s Manual
SCATT Biathlon shooting trainer User s Manual Russia, Moscow, ZAO SCATT Internet: www.scatt.com E-mail: info@scatt.com Tel/Fax: +7 (499) 70 0667 Please read the User s Manual before installation, operation,
More informationExperiment 3 Ohm s Law
Experiment 3 Ohm s Law The goals of Experiment 3 are: To identify resistors based upon their color code. To construct a two-resistor circuit using proper wiring techniques. To measure the DC voltages and
More informationAbstract. silicon photovoltaic (PV) system on the roof of the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Garage of the
Abstract CHRISTY, DANIEL WILLIAM. An Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of the Amorphous Silicon PV Array on the NCSU AFV Garage. (Under the direction of Dr. Herbert M. Eckerlin.) A comprehensive
More informationFarr High School HIGHER PHYSICS. Unit 3 Electricity. Exam Question Booklet
Farr High School HIGHER PHYSICS Unit 3 Electricity Exam Question Booklet 1 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. 3. 2. 4. 3 5. 6. 7. 4 8. 9. 5 10. 11. 6 12. 13. 14. 7 15. 16. 17. 8 18. 20. 21. 19. 9 MONITORING
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE
EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Component List Resistors, one of each o 1 10 10W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic Capacitor
More informationInstallation requirements
Installation requirements for SUNNY CENTRAL 500U 1 Contents This document describes the requirements which have to be observed for the installation site of the Sunny Central 500U. The installation and
More informationDr E. Kaplani. Mechanical Engineering Dept. T.E.I. of Patras, Greece
Innovation Week on PV Systems Engineering and the other Renewable Energy Systems. 1-10 July 2013, Patras, Greece Dr E. Kaplani ekaplani@teipat.gr Mechanical Engineering Dept. T.E.I. of Patras, Greece R.E.S.
More informationElgar ETS TerraSAS. 1kW-1MW V. Standalone TerraSAS Photovoltaic Simulator
Elgar ETS TerraSAS Standalone TerraSAS Photovoltaic Simulator Low output capacitance High bandwidth up to 30kHz High resolution I-V curve simulates static and dynamic conditions Designed for high speed
More informationTel Fax
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING PERFORMANCE UNDER PARTIALLY SHADED PV ARRAY CONDITIONS Roland BRUENDLINGER ; Benoît BLETTERIE ; Matthias MILDE 2 ; Henk OLDENKAMP 3 arsenal research, Giefinggasse 2, 2 Vienna,
More informationDC CIRCUITS AND OHM'S LAW
July 15, 2008 DC Circuits and Ohm s Law 1 Name Date Partners DC CIRCUITS AND OHM'S LAW AMPS - VOLTS OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW To learn to apply the concept of potential difference (voltage) to explain the action
More informationPhotovoltaic System Commissioning and Testing A Guide for PV System Technicians and Engineers
4097 PV Com & Test_CoverV3:Layout 2 28/6/12 09:41 USA Office: Seaward Group USA 6304 Benjamin Road, Suite 506, Tampa, Florida, 33634 Page 2 Part of Tel: +1 (813) 886-2775 Email: enquiry@seawardsolar.com
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION
EXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION Component List Resistors, one of each o 2 1010W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic
More informationDS-1000 I-V CURVE TRACER User Manual
daystar, inc. DS-1000 I-V CURVE TRACER User Manual Daystar, Inc. 3240 Majestic Ridge Doc Version 7000 Las Cruces, NM 88011 May 2014 575-522-4943 pvvern@zianet.com http://www.daystarpv.com This I-V curve
More informationIn this lab you will build a photovoltaic controller that controls a single panel and optimizes its operating point driving a resistive load.
EE 155/255 Lab #3 Revision 1, October 10, 2017 Lab3: PV MPPT Photovoltaic cells are a great source of renewable energy. With the sun directly overhead, there is about 1kW of solar energy (energetic photons)
More informationCHAPTER 7 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING USING HILL CLIMBING ALGORITHM
100 CHAPTER 7 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING USING HILL CLIMBING ALGORITHM 7.1 INTRODUCTION An efficient Photovoltaic system is implemented in any place with minimum modifications. The PV energy conversion
More informationTeacher Page. Understanding Solar Energy. Photovoltaic Power Output & I-V Curves. Student Objective
Understanding Solar Energy Teacher Page Photovoltaic Power Output & I-V Curves Student Objective The student: current and power of a given PV module will be able to determine the size of the array necessary
More informationBreadboard Primer. Experience. Objective. No previous electronics experience is required.
Breadboard Primer Experience No previous electronics experience is required. Figure 1: Breadboard drawing made using an open-source tool from fritzing.org Objective A solderless breadboard (or protoboard)
More informationReference: Photovoltaic Systems, p
PV systems are comprised of building blocks of cells, modules and arrays to form a DC power generating unit with specified electrical output. Reference: Photovoltaic Systems, p. 115-118 Reference: Photovoltaic
More informationOptional Features. Linear Performance Warranty 10 Years product warranty 25 Years linear performance warranty
Those who dream of a better future can help lead to a more meaningful and enriched world. As a leading solar module manufacturer in Korea, we never stop to achieve competitiveness through differentiation,
More informationVCE VET INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES
Victorian Certificate of Education 2015 SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE Letter STUDENT NUMBER VCE VET INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES Written examination Monday 9 November 2015 Reading time: 9.00 am
More informationAgilent U1253B True RMS OLED Multimeter. Quick Start Guide
Agilent U1253B True RMS OLED Multimeter Quick Start Guide The following items are included with your multimeter: Silicone test leads 4 mm probes Alligator clips Printed Quick Start Guide Rechargeable 8.4
More informationInsulation resistance testing. A complete solution for every application
Insulation resistance testing A complete solution for every application Insulation resistance The latest test tools from the testing experts You asked. We responded. Now you have more insulation testing
More informationECE3204 D2015 Lab 1. See suggested breadboard configuration on following page!
ECE3204 D2015 Lab 1 The Operational Amplifier: Inverting and Non-inverting Gain Configurations Gain-Bandwidth Product Relationship Frequency Response Limitation Transfer Function Measurement DC Errors
More informationCHAPTER-3 Design Aspects of DC-DC Boost Converter in Solar PV System by MPPT Algorithm
CHAPTER-3 Design Aspects of DC-DC Boost Converter in Solar PV System by MPPT Algorithm 44 CHAPTER-3 DESIGN ASPECTS OF DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER IN SOLAR PV SYSTEM BY MPPT ALGORITHM 3.1 Introduction In the
More informationPLOT PLAN INSTRUCTIONS ROOF MOUNT SOLAR AN ACCURATE PLOT PLAN IS NECESSARY TO PROCESS YOUR PERMIT
PLOT PLAN INSTRUCTIONS ROOF MOUNT SOLAR Building Division 1855 Placer Street, Suite 102 Redding, California 96001 Phone: (530) 225-5761 Fax: (530) 245-6468 Inspection Request Line: (530) 244-5068 Web:
More informationDETAILED MONITORING AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A LARGE FAÇADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY
DETAILED MONITORING AND PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A LARGE FAÇADE-MOUNTED PV ARRAY Anton Driesse Steve Harrison Solar Calorimetry Laboratory Queen s University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, CANADA e-mail:
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL. I-V Curve Checker MP-11. Software Version Number: Firmware Version Number: Manual Version Number: 4
8-3. Main Menu & Monitoring Screen INSTRUCTION MANUAL I-V Curve Checker MP-11 Software Version Number: 01.001 Firmware Version Number: 04.103 Manual Version Number: 4 1. Index 1. Index 1 2. Important User
More informationSOLARONIX. Solixon A-1525-V
SOLARONIX Solixon A-1525-V Based on Solaronix' exclusive light engine, our solar simulation equipment delivers a perfect and continuous artificial sunlight 24/7, allowing for accurate stability and performance
More informationDC PV Arc fault detection Unit
DC PV Arc fault detection Unit Installation, usage and other information Author: Peter v. Galen, Product Manager Date: 15-09-2014 Revision: B 1. Introduction The National Electrical Code 2011 states arc-fault
More informationUsing the V5.x Integrator
Using the V5.x Integrator This document explains how to produce the Bode plots for an electromagnetic guitar pickup using the V5.x Integrator. Equipment: Test coil 50-100 turns of 26 AWG coated copper
More information2-Terminal Device Characteristics and Diode Characterization
Laboratory-1 2-Terminal Device Characteristics and Diode Characterization Introduction The objectives of this experiment are to learn methods for characterizing 2- terminal devices, such as diodes, observe
More informationHandouts for Mulanax Solar Panel Project
Handouts for Mulanax Solar Panel Project Student handouts/prints to be made from the book, Teaching Solar, by Rahus Institute. Page 5: Panel Orientation Page 8: Sun s Position Page 9: Azimuth Page 9: Altitude
More informationConstruction Electrician/Industrial Electrician/Power Electrician Common Core Level 2
Common Core Level 2 Unit: B1 Commercial Electrical Code Level: Two Duration: 60 hours Theory: Practical: 60 hours 0 hours Overview: This unit is designed to provide the apprentice with the knowledge about
More informationShade Matters. Peter Hoberg Solmetric Corporation
Shade Matters Peter Hoberg Solmetric Corporation Shade Matters Shade s impact on PV production Cell, module, string, array Example measurements Characterizing shade Why measure shade? Shade measurement
More informationApplications Overview
Applications Overview Galvanic Cycling of Rechargeable Batteries I-V Characterization of Solar Cells and Panels Making Low Resistance Measurements Using High Current DC I-V Characterization of Transistors
More informationYour Origin SLIVER system will be supplied with one of the following sets of panels:
SLIVER3000 Solar System Panel Specifications Your Origin SLIVER system will be supplied with one of the following sets of panels: Manufacturer Mono Or Poly Size (Watts) Panels Required To Achieve Minimum
More informationPORTABLE LED FLASHER WITH IMPLEMENTED BYPASS DIODE TESTER
PORTABLE LED FLASHER WITH IMPLEMENTED BYPASS DIODE TESTER Daniel Schär 1, Franz Baumgartner ZHAW, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, IEFE www.zhaw.ch/~bauf, Technikumstr. 9,
More informationPractical 2P12 Semiconductor Devices
Practical 2P12 Semiconductor Devices What you should learn from this practical Science This practical illustrates some points from the lecture courses on Semiconductor Materials and Semiconductor Devices
More informationEGR Laboratory 1 - Introduction to Circuit Analysis
EGR 215 Laboratory 1 Introduction to Circuit Analysis Authors D. Wilson, R.D. Christie, W.R. Lynes, K.F. Böhringer, M. Ostendorf of the University of Washington Objectives At the end of this lab, you will
More informationA Revision of IEC nd Edition Data Correction Procedures 1 and 2: PV Module Performance at Murdoch University
School of Engineering and Information Technology ENG470 Engineering Honours Thesis A Revision of IEC 60891 2 nd Edition 2009-12 Data Correction Procedures 1 and 2: PV Module Performance at Murdoch University
More informationLab 3 DC CIRCUITS AND OHM'S LAW
43 Name Date Partners Lab 3 DC CIRCUITS AND OHM'S LAW AMPS + - VOLTS OBJECTIVES To learn to apply the concept of potential difference (voltage) to explain the action of a battery in a circuit. To understand
More informationArray. Source-circuit configuration is arguably the most
Array Source-circuit configuration is arguably the most important aspect of PV system design. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of a PV array follow from this fundamental design decision, which
More informationInstallation Instructions
Installation Instructions 30 Built-In Wall Oven with Microwave JTP86, JT965 If you have questions, call 1.800.GE.CARES or visit our website at: ge.com Before You Begin Read these instructions carefully
More informationThe Art of Electrical Measurements
The Art of Electrical Measurements Purpose: Introduce fundamental electrical test and measurement tools and the art of making electrical measurements. Equipment Required Prelab 1 Digital Multimeter 1 -
More information9/28/2010. Chapter , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 4 Sensors are are used to detect, and often to measure, the magnitude of something. They basically operate by converting mechanical, magnetic, thermal, optical, and chemical variations into electric
More informationPower Rating of Photovoltaic Modules Using a. New Outdoor Method. Meena Gupta Vemula
Power Rating of Photovoltaic Modules Using a New Outdoor Method by Meena Gupta Vemula A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Technology Approved
More informationENGLISH. The Science Behind the Tigo Energy Maximizer Series Product (MM-ES) Tigo Energy Inc. 420 Blossom Hill Road Los Gatos, CA 95032
ENGLISH The Science Behind the Tigo Energy Maximizer Series Product (MM-ES) Tigo Energy Inc. 420 Blossom Hill Road Los Gatos, CA 95032 Tigo Energy has developed a revolutionary solution for harvesting
More informationDevelopment of a GUI for Parallel Connected Solar Arrays
Development of a GUI for Parallel Connected Solar Arrays Nisha Nagarajan and Jonathan W. Kimball, Senior Member Missouri University of Science and Technology 301 W 16 th Street, Rolla, MO 65401 Abstract
More informationInsulation resistance testing. A complete solution for every person.
Insulation resistance testing. A complete solution for every person. Insulation resistance. The latest test tools from the testing experts. You asked. We responded. Now you have more insulation testing
More informationLoop calibration and maintenance
Loop calibration and maintenance pplication Note Introduction Process instrumentation requires periodic calibration and maintenance to ensure that it is operating correctly. This application note contains
More informationChapter 4. Impact of Dust on Solar PV Module: Experimental Analysis
Chapter 4 Impact of Dust on Solar PV Module: Experimental Analysis 53 CHAPTER 4 IMPACT OF DUST ON SOLAR PV MODULE: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION: On a bright, sunny day the sun shines approximately
More informationInitial solar cell characterisation test and comparison with a LED-based solar simulator with variable flash speed and spectrum
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Initial solar cell characterisation test and comparison with a LED-based solar simulator with variable flash speed and spectrum This item was submitted
More informationSOLAR PV MICROINVERTER/ACM STANDARD PLAN - COMPREHENSIVE Microinverter and ACM Systems for One- and Two- Family Dwellings
SOLAR MICROINVERTER/M STANDARD PLAN - COMPREHENSIVE Microinverter and M Systems for One- and Two- Family Dwellings SCOPE: Use this plan ONLY for systems using utility-interactive Microinverters or Modules
More informationEnhancement of PV Array Performance during Partial Shading Condition
Enhancement of PV Array Performance during Partial Shading Condition Ahmed M Mahmoud 1, Salah M Saafan 2, Ahmed M Attalla 1, Hamdy El-goharey 1 Department of Electrical Power and Machines, Ain Shams University,
More informationPerformance of high-eciency photovoltaic systems in a maritime climate
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Performance of high-eciency photovoltaic systems in a maritime climate This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by
More informationEScope Pro (P/N ESO1000) (Patent Pending)
EScope Pro (P/N ESO1000) (Patent Pending) The EScope Pro is an eight channel dual time base PC diagnostic scope. This allows for viewing of up to eight channels on two different time bases. This scope
More informationUniversity of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department. EE 204 Electrical Engineering Lab
University of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department EE 204 Electrical Engineering Lab EXPERIMENT 1 MEASUREMENT DEVICES Prepared by: Prof. Mohammed Hawa EXPERIMENT 1 MEASUREMENT
More informationSoP for I-V System. Part - 1 SUN 3000 SOLAR SIMULATOR. ABET Technologies
SoP for I-V System Part - 1 SUN 3000 SOLAR SIMULATOR ABET Technologies Introduction: The solar cell I-V measurement system can measure current-voltage (I-V) of cells under both, dark and illuminated condition
More informationAgilent U1231A/U1232A/U1233A Handheld Multimeter. Quick Start Guide
Agilent U3A/U3A/U33A Handheld Multimeter Quick Start Guide Verify that you received the following items in the shipment of your multimeter: One pair of red and black test leads Four.5 V AAA alkaline battery
More informationMeasurement and Monitoring of Performance Parameters of Distributed Solar Panels using Wireless Sensors Network
Measurement and Monitoring of Performance Parameters of Distributed Solar Panels using Wireless Sensors Network C. Ranhotitogamage, S. C. Mukhopadhyay, S. N. Garratt and W. M. Campbell School of Engineering
More informationDIODE / TRANSISTOR TESTER KIT
DIODE / TRANSISTOR TESTER KIT MODEL DT-100K Assembly and Instruction Manual Elenco Electronics, Inc. Copyright 1988 Elenco Electronics, Inc. Revised 2002 REV-K 753110 DT-100 PARTS LIST If you are a student,
More informationESD Ground Testing of Triple-Junction Space Solar Cells with Monolithic Diodes *
Trans. JSASS Space Tech. Japan Vol. 7, pp. 11-17, 2009 ESD Ground Testing of Triple-Junction Space Solar Cells with Monolithic Diodes * By Yukishige NOZAKI 1), Hirokazu MASUI 2), Kazuhiro TOYODA 2), Mengu
More informationExtraction of Maximum Power from Photovoltaic Array under Partial Shading Conditions
Extraction of Maximum Power from Photovoltaic Array under Partial Shading Conditions http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v2i2.3660 Aswathy Kanth SNS college of Engineering, Coimbatore, India Abstract The efficiency
More informationPractical Evaluation of Solar Irradiance Effect on PV Performance
Energy Science and Technology Vol. 6, No. 2, 2013, pp. 36-40 DOI:10.3968/j.est.1923847920130602.2671 ISSN 1923-8460[PRINT] ISSN 1923-8479[ONLINE] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org Practical Evaluation
More informationApplication Note 5012
MGA-61563 High Performance GaAs MMIC Amplifier Application Note 5012 Application Information The MGA-61563 is a high performance GaAs MMIC amplifier fabricated with Avago Technologies E-pHEMT process and
More information