A NOVEL MODE-SELECTIVE GYROTRON WITH A PBG RESONATOR
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1 A NOVEL MODE-SELECTIVE GYROTRON WITH A PBG RESONATOR J. R. Sirigiri, K. E. Kreischer, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, and R. J. Temkin Presented y Jagadishwar R. Sirigiri Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2 OUTLINE Mode-selective gyrotrons at mm wave frequencies MIT research on mode-selective resonators Design of a photonic and gap (PBG) resonator PBG gyrotron experiment Summary
3 MODE COMPETITION Overmoded resonators are necessary for high frequency gyrotrons ut they suffer from mode-competition leading to reduces efficiency and staility of the design mode. Start Oscillation Current High efficiency operating point for the design mode Design mode Competing modes Operating current Magnetic Field
4 PBG STRUCTURES Oversized structure Ease of farication Suitale for high frequency (> 100 GHz ) operation A 140 GHz, TE 041 -like mode PBG cavity for an overmoded gyrotron oscillator experiment. Reduced mode population Periodic oundary discriminates modes with different frequencies Inhomogeneous oundary reduces the numer of modes Simple coupling scheme Disassemled view of a 17 GHz TM 010 like PBG cavity for potential application in linear accelerators Graceful degradation
5 DESIGN PRINCIPLE Design a lattice with a and gap around the desired operating frequency Create a defect (remove rods) in the lattice so as to create a defect mode which will serve as the operating mode of the structure The operating mode eing in the andgap is confined in the transverse direction Competing modes which are offset in frequency will not e confined if they lie in the lattice passand
6 140 GHz PBG RESONATOR 23 mm Cross section of the PBG cavity with a TE 04 like operating mode at GHz 9 mm Cross-section of a conventional cylindrical cavity with a TE 04 operating mode at GHz
7 PBG STRUCTURES y k y M a y a x Γ k y X 2π 2π k x X J x 4π 3 Γ k x PBG structures representing (a) square lattice and () triangular lattice of perfectly conducting cylinders Reciprocal lattices and Brillouin zones for (a) square lattice and () triangular lattice (irreducile Brillouin zones for each type of lattice are shaded).
8 PBG STRUCTURES TM eigenmodes in a square lattice. TE eigenmodes in a square lattice. TM eigenmodes in a triangular lattice. TE eigenmodes in a triangular lattice.
9 PBG STRUCTURES ω/c () a/ TM gap variation with filling fraction. The dot represents the operating point of the 17 GHz TM 010 accelerator cavity show elow. ω/c a a/ TE gap variation with filling fraction. The dot represents the operating point of the 140 GHz TE 041 gyrotron cavity show elow.
10 GYROTRON TEST STAND 100 kv, 70 A, 3µs capale Modulator 6.5 Tesla Superconducting Magnet Magnetron Injection Gun 75 kv, 7 A Demountale setup for quick change of experiments
11 PBG GYROTRON SETUP 1.69 m 140 GHz PHOTONIC BAND GAP GYROTRON
12 PBG GYROTRON RESULTS Frequency = GHz Voltage = kv Current = 5.10 A 12 Power (kw) Magnetic Field (Tesla) Unprecedented range of single mode operation 25 kw peak power at GHz Efficiency limited y high diffraction Q
13 CONFOCAL GYROTRON HE 06 Power Efficiency 20 Output Power (kw) GHz Efficiency (%) RF power (kw) HE GHz Magnetic Field (T) HE GHz Cavity magnetic field (T) The confocal cavity used in the 140 GHz gyrotron oscillator experiments HFSS Model of a section of the cavity showing the HE 06 operating mode of the confocal cavity Reduced mode competition 83 kw peak power at 136 GHz
14 SUMMARY Gyrotron with a PBG resonator designed uilt and tested 25 kw power at 140 GHz Unprecedented range of single mode operation Spurious modes at lest 22 db elow the operating mode A PBG interaction structure can suppress ackward wave oscillations in a gyro-twt Possiility of transverse energy extraction from the PBG resonator to lower the diffraction Q
15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported y the MURI Innovative Microwave Vacuum Electronics (MVE) Program sponsored y the Department of Defense The Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, Department of Energy. The authors wish to thank William Mulligan for his help in running the experiments and Evgenya Smirnova for her support with the theoretical analysis of PBG lattices.
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