Flexible Spectrum Management: Models and RRM

Transcription

1 Flexible Spectrum Management: Models and RRM Regional Transactions Server Primary Advertising of reuse opportunities (f i, f s, t 2, t s, admissible CCI) Bidding David Grandblaise Seamless Radio Access Lab June, 30 th 2005 Regional Secondary

2 Spectrum is sporadically used Traffic (spectrum) intensity Busy hour Frequency (MHz) 0 Time [hour] 3 pm 4 pm 5 pm 6 pm 7 pm 8 pm Time of Day (Sec) * * Source: DARPA Presentation October Time [hour] Time [hour] Voice Data Video Space [km] Spectrum reuse opportunities exist: spectrum can be shared between different radio access technologies and/or operators

3 Spatial resolution Regional Multi- cells Single cell User Centric Spectrum Reuse Opportunities Plane Coordination requirements f f f Amount of spectrum requirements Spectrum access and reuse OPPORTUNITIES Real time requirements block f Which RRM approaches for which parts of the plane? Where/how does Cognitive Radio give support to RRM? ms s mn 10 s mn ½ hour hour ½ day day week month Time resolution

4 Outline Models Cognitive radio relevance to the models RRM for collaborative based secondary spectrum usage model Conclusion

5 Outline Models Cognitive radio relevance to the models RRM for collaborative based secondary spectrum usage model Conclusion

6 Differentiating Criteria of the Models Spectrum allocation Which type of spectrum usage can be allowed? Spectrum assignment Who can be authorised to use the spectrum? Decision making for allocation and assignment How has the decision on the allocation and assignment to be done (centralised, distributed?) between the regulatory body and the spectrum users?

7 Models classification Four main models are commonly used* Existing models «Command and Control» model (Licensed) «Commons» model (Unlicensed) Evolutionnary models «Market» model (Licensed Open Spectrum) «Unrestricted Usage» model (Unlicensed Open Spectrum) Models comparison approach: primary allocation/assignment and secondary allocation/assignment * FCC, Et Docket n , Spectrum Policy Task Force Group Report, Dec * Analysis, Econ, HH, Final Report for EC Study on conditions and options in introducing trading of radio spectrum in the European Community, May 2004

8 «Command and Control» model Classical model of spectrum management (static rules) License defines the type of service, the operating band and restrictions on the type of technology Primary Allocation Centralised allocation Regulatory bodies are in charge of the decision making of the allocation. The type of spectrum usage, services supported, and associated technologies are predefined. Primary Assignment Centralised assignment Regulatory bodies are in charge of the initial primary rights assignment of the spectrum usage. Exclusive spectrum usage (license based) Secondary Allocation and Assignment Secondary allocation is not liberalised. Secondary assignment is not allowed.

9 «Commons» model Also commonly named «unlisenced» model First step towards flexible spectrum usage (e.g. WiFi like) in case of short range communications Primary Allocation Primary Assignment Secondary Allocation and Assignment Centralised allocation Regulatory bodies are in charge of the decision making of the allocation. The type of spectrum usage, services supported, and associated technologies are predefined. Distributed assignment Spectrum access is not limited. No «regulatory» based limitation on the number of users in the band since no license is required. Limitation is technology based. Interference protection guaranteed by standardised radio etiquettes. QoS is not guaranteed. Not applicable since no spectrum rights are transferable.

10 «Market» model Also commonly named «Licensed Open Spectrum» Direct evolution from the «Command and Control» model Collaborative based secondary spectrum usage Introduction of a secondary market Primary Allocation Distributed allocation The type of spectrum usage is driven by the market. Primary Assignment Distributed assignment Regulatory bodies are in charge of the initial primary rights assignment of the spectrum usage (exclusive spectrum usage based) However, this can be achieved via market based tools (e.g. trading). Secondary Allocation and Assignment Secondary allocation is liberalised. Market based assignment is allowed.

11 «Unrestricted Usage» model Full flexible approach Direct evolution from the «Commons» model Could be named «Unlisenced Open Spectrum» Technically very challenging!!! Primary Allocation Distributed allocation The users have ful freedom on the type of spectrum usage. Primary Assignment Distributed assignment Any type of user can use spectrum. There is no regulatory body controlling or assuring interference protection. Secondary Allocation and Assignment Not applicable since no spectrum rights are transferable.

12 Outline Models Cognitive radio relevance to the models RRM for collaborative based secondary spectrum usage model Conclusion

13 Inceasing spectrum usage flexibility Limited resources and no flexibility Current models Limited resources and medium flexibility «Market» model «Open Spectrum» model «Commons/Market» hybrid model Unlimited resources and total flexibility «Unrestricted usage» model «Command and Control» model Coordinated «Commons» model Uncoordinated Spectrum Pooling «Collaborative» based Interruptible Non interruptible Spectrum Pooling «No collaborative» based Interruptible Non interruptible Increasing need in cognitive radio features Decreasing need in market based mechanisms

14 Outline Models Cognitive radio relevance to the models RRM for collaborative based secondary spectrum usage model Conclusion

15 Inceasing spectrum usage flexibility Limited resources and no flexibility Current models Limited resources and medium flexibility «Market» model «Open Spectrum» model «Commons/Market» hybrid model Unlimited resources and total flexibility «Unrestricted usage» model «Command and Control» model Coordinated «Commons» model Uncoordinated Spectrum Pooling «Collaborative» based Interruptible Non interruptible Spectrum Pooling «No collaborative» based Interruptible Non interruptible Increasing need in cognitive radio features Decreasing need in market based mechanisms

16 Collaboration space f op p f s op s f i f j t f i f f s op p op s Economic f i, f s, t 2, t s, CCI f Technical constraint s t 1 t 2 t s t f s op p op s s f i op s t 1 t 2 ts t f j, f s op p : primary operator op s : secondary operator f i, f s, t 2, t s s Co-channel interference

17 Spatial resolution Spectrum sharing = trunking gain? f Regional f s dr 1 1 = dreuse RAT1 RAT1 RAT 1 op p op s D = dr 1 1 X s Multi-cells f i Single Cell RAT = Radio Access Technology User centric RAT 2 ms t 1 t 2 op s ts s Co-channel interference X mn D < dr s mn X ½ hour D = dr 1 2 hour X D > dr 1 2 Intra system t interference ½ day Inter system interference dr 1 2 = dreuse RAT1 RAT2 day week X month Time resolution

18 Market based strategies for collaboration Transactions involve Operators Users Transactions phases consist in: Advertising of f i, f s, t 2, t s, admissible CCI Auctionning between the primary and secondary systems Bidding of secondary systems Negotiating Billing Space time constraints can lead to different transactions schemes Single round bidding Multi round bidding Multi unit sealed bid auctionning

19 Centralised based implementation approach Primary Spatial resolution Regional Multi- cells Single cell User Centric Coordination requirements Spectrum access and reuse OPPORTUNITIES IP based Communication Regional Transactions Server Advertising of reuse opportunities (f i, f s, t 2, t s, admissible CCI) Bidding ms s mn 10 s mn Real time requirements ½ hour hour ½ day day week Time resolution month Regional Secondary

20 Distributed based implementation approach Spatial resolution Primary Regional Multi- cells Single cell User Centric Coordination requirements Spectrum access and reuse OPPORTUNITIES Real time requirements transaction server Over the air Communication transaction server transaction server Advertising of reuse opportunities (f i, f s, t 2, t s, admissible CCI) Bidding ms s mn 10 s mn ½ hour hour ½ day day week Time resolution month Secondary transaction server transaction server transaction server

21 Outline Models Cognitive radio relevance to the models RRM for collaborative based secondary spectrum usage model Conclusion

22 Conclusion Jointly with cognitive radio features, multi-bands reconfigurable equipments (BS, terminals) offer new perspective for a more flexible spectrum management Cognitive radio requirements are different depending on the time and spatial resolution perspective Different cognitive radio requirements mean different RRM approaches at the system level Collaborative based secondary spectrum usage models pave the way towards preliminary cognitive radio based solutions Spectrum efficiency improvement (technically speaking) Spectrum usage improvement (economically speaking) Cognitive radio research is multidisciplinary: communications/computer sciences, cognitive sciences and mirco-economy (game theory) Very challenging and exciting research!

23 Thank you for your attention Questions?

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