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1 GRPHS ND DIGRMS ELECTROSTTIC DIGRMS ND GRPHS ELECTROSTTIC (ii) Graph for E or E verses /r2 (i) Graph for electric force (F) or electric field (E) verses distance r E or F E or F r (i) Electric field lines due to a + Q charge. (ii) Electric field due to a -q charge +Q -Q 43

2 (iii) Electric field lines due to two positive charge. (iv) Electric field lines due to a electric dipole. (v) Electric field lines due to a point charges and metal plate 3. Equipotential surfaces (i) due to a isolated positive charge. (ii) due to two positive point charge q 44

3 (iii) due to uniform electric field (iv) due to two positive point charge E 4 (i) Postential verses charge graph for capacitor 45

4 CURRENT ELECTRICITY. Variation of current with potential difference (i) For conductor (ii) For Ga s V Current / (m) Non-Itnear region Negative resistance region I Voltage v (V) 2. Variation of resistivity with temperature (i) For conductor (ii) For Ga s (iii) for nichrome (alloy) Resistivity P( cm) Temperature T (K) P T Resistivity / ( cm) Temperature T (K) 46

5 2. (i) Cricuit diagram to find balanced condition for Wheatstone bridge (ii) Cricuit diagram to find the unknown resistance using Metre ridge. I I4 U nk no wn R4 R C G R3 R2 a nd a t S rm a rd D (i)circuitdiagramtomeasuretheinternal resistanceofacellusingpotentiometer - + (ii) V verses L graph for the potentiometer K R. + - G S 47

6 MOVING CHRGES ND MGNETISM. Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop. L= a 2+ d cos θ y C x2 d I q d sin θ q q x d sin θ q 2 2 L= a +x Y d cos θ d D 2. Magnetic field line (I) Due to circular current carrying conductor (ii) Due to a current carrying solenoid P 48

7 3. (i) Schematic diagram of a Cyclotron (ii) Schematic diagram of a Moving Coil Galvanometer D2 H.F.O. D2 W 4. Conversion of Galvanometer (i) Into ammeter (ii) into voltmeter ELECTROMGNETIC INDUCTION ND LTERNTING CURRENT. Graph Showing Variation of Impedance of LCR Circut, inductive and capacitive reactance Versus Frequency of.c respectively z x r c f f 49

8 2. (i) Phasor diagram for L-C-R series ciruit (ii).c. Generator Q v and I N S P t 3. (i) Transformer (ii) L-C Oscillation Soft iron core input voltage primary coil step-dwon transformer secondary coil Soft iron core input voltage primary coil step-dwon transformer secondary coil ELECTROMGNETIC WVE Type Wavelength Radio >. m Microwave.m to mm Infra-red mm to 7nm Light 7 nm to 4 nm Utravolet 4 nm to nm -rays nm to 3 nm THE ELECTRO MGNETIC SPECTRUM Gamma rays < -3 nm 5

9 RY OPTICS (i) Prisms designed to bend rays by 9 or to invert image without changing it size make use of total internal reflection (iii) Simple microscope (iv) Compound microscope (v) Ray diagram for refracting telescope. (iv) reflecting telescope. 5

10 WVE OPTICS (i) Shapes of wave front Point Source Line Source Source at infinity (ii) Youngs double slit experiment (iii) Single slit diffraction (v) Intensity distribution in single slit diffraction 52

11 7. DUL NTURE OF MTTER & RDITION EPERIMENTL STUDY OF PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT V 3 > V 2 > V V V V Photoelectric current V 3 V 2 V Saturation current Stopping potential (V O) V > V O Metal Metal V > V O -V o3 -V o2 -V o O Collector plate potential Variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for different frequencics of incident radiaton. O V O V O Frequency of incident radiation (V) TOM & NUCLEI Radioactive sample decay 53

12 inding Energy per Nucleon Curve Hydrogen tom Spectral Lines 54

13 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES. Energy band diagram : (a) fro metal (b) for Semiconductor (c) for Insulator (d) N type Semiconductor (e) P Type Semiconductor Conduction band Valence band Conduction band Valence band Conduction band Valence band (d) (e) 55

14 2. (i) Circuit for half wave rectifier (ii) Circuit diagram full wave rectifier Current Flows When D Conducts Current Flows When D2 Conducts Resultant Output Waveform 3. (i) Diode characteristic curve (ii) Input and Output characteristics curve for NPN Transistor (CE) 56

15 4. (i) NPN transistor characteristics (ii) NPN transistor amplifier in CE mode Ic I R2 V VSE C Rn m E E RCE RI RCC Vout RL E VN IE VEE VCE Special type of diodes Solar cell It is a diode with either p or n side made thin to allow light energy falling on it to convert in to electrical energy. Material used for preparing are si and Gas To produce solar power in satellites, space vehicles, Small Electronic Devices (External biasing Not Required) Photo diode It is made from photosensitive material with provision to allow light of suitable frequency to fall at the junction (Reverse biased) Used ad fire alarm, detector circuit Zener diode It is specially designed to work on reverse bias breakdown region Used as voltage regulator Light It has two leads longer lead is p side and shorter is n side; due emitting diode (LED) to recombination of holes and electrons at the junction energy is released at the junction in the form of light. (Forward biased) Used as voltage regulator Open Circut Voltage Short Circut Current I LED curve I Rd VF V 57

16 Logic Gates Name NOT ND NND OR NOR lg. Expr Symbol Truth Table Communication System lock Diagrams Communication System Information Source Message Signal Transmitter Transmitted Signal Channel Received Signal Receiver Message Signal User of Information Noise Production of amplitude modulated wave m (t) msinw m t (Modulating Signal) x(t) + SQURE LW DEVICE c (t) c sinw c t (carrier) y(t) 2 x(t)+cx(t) NDPSS FILTER CENTRED T Transmission of Electromagnetic wave W C M Wave TRNSMITTING NTENN m(t) Message Signal MPLITUDE MODULTOR CRRIER POWER MPLIFIER 58

17 Receiver for an.m. wave RECEIVING NTENN Received signal MPLIFIER IF STGE DETECTOR MPLIFIER OUTPUT Detector for.m wave M Wave RECTIFIER ENVELOPE DETECTOR (a) (b) (c) OUTPUT Time Time Time M input wave Rectified wave Output (without RF component) 59

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