Design and Analysis of Single Microstrip Patch Antenna with Proximity Coupler Fed Technique for Wireless LAN Application

Transcription

1 IOSR Junal f Electnics and Cmmunicatin Engineeing (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: ,p- ISSN: Vlume 10, Issue 1, Ve. II (Jan - Feb. 015), PP Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique f Wieless LAN Applicatin Nuaiza Ismail, Suziyani Rhafauzi, Rina Abdullah, Suziana Oma (Depatment f Electical Engineeing / Univesiti Teknlgi Maa (UiTM), Malaysia) Abstact: This pape pesents an analysis and designing single patch micstip antenna with pximity cuple fed technique at.4 GHz esnant fequency apppiate f wieless LAN (WLAN) applicatin. The sftwae used t simulate the patch antenna is Cmpute Simulatin Tls (CST) Micwave Envinment. This antenna is fed by a 50 Ω single micstip line feeding based n quate wave impedance matching technique with width 1.68 mm. In this pape, the effects f antenna paametes like the fequency, etun lss, vltage standing wave ati (VSWR) and gain (db) ae analyzed by using pximity cuple fed technique. The cnstuctin f the antenna cnsists f the micstip feed line n a substate pximity cupled t a single ectangula micstip patch etched in tp f suface. The dielectic cnstant f antenna is 3, the tangent lss 0.03 and thickness f the antenna is 0.76 mm. Keywds: patch antenna, pximity cuple fed technique, etun lss, VSWR, WLAN I. Intductin Micstip antenna have been ne f the mst innvative tpics in antenna they and design in ecent yeas, and ae inceasingly finding applicatin in a wide ange f mden micwave systems [1]. It pvide small size antennas as thee is much acute space available in these devices due t thei cmpact sizes [-4]. The micstip patch antennas ae well knwn f thei pefmance and thei bust design, fabicatin and thei extend usage [5]. Micstip antennas ae speading widely in all the fields and aeas and nw they ae becming in the cmmecial aspects due t thei lw cst f the substate mateial and the fabicatin. Thee ae many applicatins f micstip patch antenna due t the inceasing f thei usage, such as mbile and satellite cmmunicatin applicatin, Glbal Psitining System (GPS) applicatin, Radi Fequency Identificatin (RFID) applicatin, ada applicatin, telemedicine applicatin and s n. Micstip patch antennas ae widely used because f thei many advantages, such as the lw pfile, light weight and cnfmity. Hweve, patch antennas have a main disadvantage which is naw bandwidth [6]. The basic cnstuctin f micstip patch antenna cnsists f a adiating patch n ne side f a dielectic substate which has agund plane n the the side [7]. Recently, wieless lcal aea netwk (WLAN) applicatins ae vey ppula. WLANs can achieve lwe tansmissin latency in the pesence f me pweful netwks [8] and als capable f pviding a high data ate t the end use. The fequency f.4 GHZ ffes a data ate up t 11 Mb/s [9]. Micstip patch antennas have seveal well-knwn feeding techniques, which ae caxial pbe fed (CPF), micstip tansmissin line fed (TLF), pximity cupled fed (PCF) and apetue cupled fed (ACF). In pximity cuple fed micstip patch antennas [10] technique, ffe vaius advantages cnventinal edge caxial pbe fed patches. It allw the patch t exist n a elatively thick substate f impve bandwidth. The feed line with thinne substate educes the spuius adiatin [1] and cupling. An advantage f pximity cupling is that it pvides lage bandwidth and lw spuius adiatin [11]. The dielectic layes need the ppe alignment and incease the veall thickness f the patch antenna. In this pape, Figue 1 shws the gemetic stuctue f a single patch antenna with pximity cuple fed. The cnfiguatin f the ppsed antenna cnsists f tw substates, a tp substate called the antenna substate and a bttm substate called the feed substate [1]. On the tp f feed substate, the feed line is designed t have a chaacteistic impedance f 50 Ω. The bttm f feed substate has a cppe gund plane. The antenna substate has a cppe patch etched n it. Figue 1: Gemety f single patch antenna with pximity cuple fed DOI: / Page

2 Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique. II. Antenna Design and Stuctue A single patch antenna has been designed with ve all dimensins width, W (mm) x Length, L (mm). The designing f pximity cuple fed patch antenna is set at esnant fequency f =.4 GHz and the dielectic substate Tacnic RF-30 (lss fee) is used. The dielectic cnstant f the substate is ε = 3, the tangent lss 0.03 and thickness f the substate h = 0.76 mm. The width and length f the micstip antenna ae calculated using fllwing equatins. 1 V0 W (1) f 1 f 1 Whee V0 is the fee-space velcity f light. The dimensins f the patch alng its length have been extended n each by a distance L, which is a functin f the effective dielectic cnstant ε eff and the width-t-height ati (W/h) and the nmalized extensin f the length h eff 1 1 () W L 0.41 h eff W h W h eff (3) The actual length, L f the patch can be detemine as fllws 1 L L (4) f eff The ppsed gemety n Figue shws the five layes f fu cmpnents which ae gund, feed substate named as substate 1, feed line, antenna named as substate and patch. Feed line placed in between tw substates, substate 1 and substate and used cppe mateial. The bttm line als used cppe mateial and designed f gund. Figue 3 shws the tp view f the pximity cupled fed patch antenna. The width and length f gund same with the width and length f substate 1 and substate which is (88mm X 7 mm). In the design, a single ectangula patch is etched n the tp suface f substate with the width, W is 44mm and length, L is 36mm. Bth f substates used Tacnic RF 30 (lss Fee) with 0.76 mm f thickness, h. Dielectic cnstants, ε f these substates is 3 mm. The micstip feed line length, L f is mm and the W f calculated in de t get the feed line impedance f 50 Ω. The dimensins f the single patch antenna with pximity cupled fed ae shwn in Table 1. The single patch antenna with pximity cuple is simple in cnstuctin but t get the fequency f.4 GHz and etun lss, S 11 smalle than -10dB, the dimensin f length, L f patch need t be ptimized. Figue : Side view f single patch antenna with pximity cuple DOI: / Page

3 S11(dB) Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique. Figue 3: Tp view f single patch antenna with pximity cuple Table 1: Dimensins f the Optimizatin Antenna Fequency, f.4 GHz Patch Cppe W L Fed W f L f 44.0 mm mm Cppe 1.68 mm mm Substate 1, Substate Tacnic RF 30 (lss fee) Dielectic cnstant, ε 3 mm Thickness, h 0.76 mm Tangent Lss 0.03 III. Results and Discussins The design f this pximity cuple fed patch antenna need t be ptimized the length f patch t get the esnant fequency at.4 GHz. Simulatin esults shw that the antenna exhibits thee diffeent lengths t get the esnant fequency. F the fist simulatin, the value f esnant fequency is.33 GHz with length f 33mm. When ptimized the length f patch t 31 mm, the esnant fequency is at.568 GHz and when ptimized again the length f patch, the esnant fequency is at exactly at.4ghz. The length f patch is ptimized t 33.35mm t get.4ghz. Figue 4 and 5 shw the esults f thee esnant fequencies f etun lss and VSWR espectively. These esults ae tabulated in Table. Retun lss is the ppety f an amunt f pwe which is eflected back t the suce fm an incectly teminated line. It shuld be as lage a negative numbe as pssible. The simulated esult shws that all fequencies have gd etun lss which is lwe than -10 db. VSWR is a measue f hw much pwe is deliveed t an antenna. The smalle the VSWR is, the bette the antenna is matched t the tansmissin line and the me pwe is deliveed t the antenna. The minimum VSWR is 1.0, in which case nne f the pwe is eflected, which is the ideal case. Fm the VSWR esult, it was bseved that the VSWR peated esnant fequency at.4 GHz is At esnant fequency f.4 GHz, the bandwidth estimated is abut 1.3 %. It can be said that the ppsed pximity cuple fed patch antenna peated at naw bandwidth. 0 S-Paamete Magnitude in db Fequency (GHz) Figue 4: Simulatin Result f Retun Lss f Thee Diffeent Fequencies. DOI: / Page

4 VSWR Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique. 8 Vltage Standing Wave Rati (VSWR) Fequency (GHz) Figue 5: Simulatin Result f VSWR f Thee Diffeent Fequencies. Table : Tabulated Results f Fequency, Retun Lss and VSWR Length, L (mm) L=31 L=33.35 L=36 Fequency (GHz) Retun lss, S 11 (db) VSWR Figue 6 shws the simulated fa-field amplitude at thee fequency bands. The figue shws that the maximum gain is 7.437, 7.1 and 6.71 db at.4,.568 and.33 GHz espectively. Besides, the figue shwn that this antenna has gd diectinal adiatin patten at.4 GHz cmpaed t anthe fequency. (a) (b) (c) Figue 6: Simulated Fa-Field Amplitude at diffeent Fequencies at diffeent f patch length.(a).57 GHz, (b).4 GHz and (c).3 GHz DOI: / Page

5 Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique. Figue 8 shws the simulated adiatin patten at.3,.4 and.57 GHz.dy9 Half pwe beamwidth (HPBW) is the angle between the tw diectins in which the adiatin intensity is ne-half value f the beam in a plane cntaining the diectin f the maximum f a beam. On the the wds, the HPBW (-3 db) is a measue f the diectivity f the antenna. (a) (b) (c) Figue 7: Simulated Radiatin Patten at (a).3 GHz, (b).4 GHz and (c).57 GHz A side lbe is a adiatin lbe in any diectin the than the intended lbe. The side lbe f fa field adiatin patten at.4 GHz can be bseved in Figue 7(b). The adial distance fm the cente epesents signal stength. The signal stength f the side lbes is db. It can be bseved in Figue 7(b) that the antenna s gain is in fwad diectin (0 ) at.4 GHz. This is bette as cmpaed t.3 and.57 GHz fequency that attains t the left and ight diectin espectively. IV. Cnclusin The single patch antenna with pximity cuple fed is pesented in this pape f cveage standad IEEE in.4ghz band esnant fequency. By nly adjusting the length f the patch, it can btain the desied esult at the esnant fequency and satisfacty pefmances. Fm the simulatin esults, it can be cnclude that the antenna peate ptimally at esnant fequency.4 GHz with gd etun lss, VSWR and gain cmpaed t the fequencies. DOI: / Page

6 Design and Analysis f Single Micstip Patch Antenna with Pximity Cuple Fed Technique. Acknwledgements We wuld like t expess u special gatitude t UiTM f suppt us by giving Dana Kecemelangan and UiTM(T), especially Reseach Management Institute (RMI) unit f the valuable guidance, cpeatin and encuagement in cmpleting this pject. Refeences [1]. David M. Pza, Micstip Antennas Pc. IEEE, Vl 80, 199. []. Kai-Fng Lee, and Kin-Fai Tng, Micstip Patch Antenna-Basic Chaacteistics and sme ecent advances, Pc. IEEE, Vl. 100, 01, [3]. S. Maci and G.BGentili, Dual-Fequency Patch Antennas IEEE Antennas and Ppagatin Magazine, Vl.39, [4]. Dau-Chyh Chang and Cheng-Nan Hu, Smat Antennas f Advance Cmmunicatin System, Pc. IEEE, Vl.100, 01, [5]. Indasen Singh, D. V. S Tipathi Micstip Patch Antenna and its Applicatin: a Suvey Int. J. Cmp. Tech. Appl., Vl (5), [6]. Fan Yang, Xue Xia Zhang, Xianing Ye,Yahya Rahmat Samii Wide-Band E-Shaped Patch Antennas f Wieless Cmmunicatins IEEE Tansactin n Antenna and ppagatin, Vl. 49, 001. [7]. A. Ben, D. D. S. Emmanuel, T. Sidhuj, K. Packia Lakshmi, Mdified Cmpact High gain Multiple Patch Sltted Micstip Antenna f Multiband wieless cmmunicatin Intenatinal Junal s Scientific & Engineeing Reseach Vl., 011. [8]. ZigBee and wieless adi fequency cexistence, ZigBee Standads Oganizatin, vl. White Pape, 007. [9]. W. Sng, H. Jiang, W. Zhuang, and Xuemin Shen, "Resuce management f QS suppt in cellula/wlan intewking," Netwk, IEEE, Vl.19, 005,1-18. [10]. D.M.Pzza and B. Kaufman, Inceasing the bandwidth f micstip antenna by pximity cupling, Electnics Lettes, Vl. 3, 1987, ,. [11]. Kshitiz Agawal, G.P. Ra, M. V. Katikeyan, M. K. Thumm, A pximity fed ciculaly plaized micstip patch antenna with a css slt in the gund plane, Electnics Lettes, Vl. 3, 1987, [1]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna They, Jhn Wiley, New Yk, 00. DOI: / Page