Politecnico di Milano Facoltà di Ingegneria dell Informazione MRN 9 UMTS. Mobile Radio Networks Prof. Antonio Capone

Transcription

1 Politecnico di Milano Facoltà di Ingegneria dell Informazione MRN 9 UMTS Mobile Radio Networks Prof. Antonio Capone

2 3GPP standards evolution 2G 3G 4G GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS TD-SCDMA HSDPA TDMA FDMA CDMA OFDMA HSUPA HSPA+ R7 HSPA+ R8 LTE FDD TDD LTE Advanced A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 2

3 Macro, Micro, Pico Celle A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 3

4 Services and Applications Intranets Internet Services Mobile Internet PSTN Intranet Access Internet Access Customized Infotainment Multimedia Messaging Location Based Service Voice Business User Business + Consumer Consumer Business + Consumer Business + Consumer Laptop PDA/ Tablet Laptop Mobile Phone SmartPhone SmartPhone PDA/ Tablet Mobile Phone A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 4

5 UMTS architecture: Network domains Infrastructure Domain User Domain Radio Access Domain Core Network Other PLMN Other Networks Uu Interface (radio interface) Uu Interface (radio interface) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 5

6 UMTS architecture: Network domains Cu Uu Iu Yu Home Network Domain Zu USIM Domain Mobile Equipment Domain Access Network Domain Serving Network Domain Transit Network Domain Core Network Domain User Equipment Domain Infrastructure Domain A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 6

7 UMTS architecture: Network domains User Equipment (UE) Domain The USIM is the user identity modulo with all security tools and keys; the Mobile Equipment domain is the mobile station Access Network Domain It can be the new UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or the BSS-GSM Core Network (CN) Domain It s the backbone of the operator network and allows the management of circuit and packet switched services and the access to external networks through gateways A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 7

8 User Equipment Domain MS = ME domain + USIM domain ME = MT (Radio) + TE (Applications) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 8

9 UTRAN Core Network Radio Network Controller NodeB I ub I u I ur Radio Access Network Network Management I ub Mobile Terminals A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 9

10 UTRAN: Network nodes RNS (Radio Network Subsystem) It s the part of the network that allows the access to the core network from the User Equipment (UE) RNC (Radio Network Controller) Within the RNS, the RNC manages the radio resources of a group of base stations (NodeB) Node B It s the UMTS base station and manages one or more cells U u Interface Air interface between UE and Node B I u Interface Interface between CN and RNS I ur Interface Interface between different RNSs I ub Interface Interface between RNC and Node B A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 10

11 Transport layer ATM layer with QoS Physical transport (usually optical) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 11

12 Communication services Bearer service Communication service able to provide bit pipes between point Teleservice Communication includes in this case also the application protocols and formats. Some teleservices (like telephone voice calls) are considedered fundamental and standardized Supplementary service Modify or add information to a teleservice. It cannot be offered as a stand alone service A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 12

13 Quality parameters In UMTS bearer services can guarantee some quality parameters like: Maximum transfer delay Delay variation Bit error ratio Data rate Four UMTS QoS Classes conversational, streaming, interactive, background A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 13

14 Bearer services in UMTS TE MT UTRAN CN Iu edge node UE End-to-end service Core network CN gateway TE Local b.s. UMTS bearer service Ext. b.s. Radio access bearer service CN b.s. Radio b.s. Iu b.s. Backbone Radio Bearer Radio Access Bearer A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 14

15 QoS classes Conversational Streaming Interactive Background low delay low delay variation reasonably low delay low round-trip delay delay is not critical basic QoS requirements speech video telephony/ conferencing video streaming audio streaming www applications basic applications store-and- forward applications ( , SMS) file transfer A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 15

16 QoS classes Conversational Streaming Interactive Background Low delay (< 400 ms) and low delay variation BER requirements not so stringent In the radio network => real-time (RT) connections Speech (using AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate speech coding) Video telephony / conferencing: ITU-T Rec. H.324 (over circuit switched connections) ITU-T Rec. H.323 or IETF SIP (over packet switched connections) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 16

17 QoS classes Conversational Streaming Interactive Background Reasonably low delay and delay variation BER requirements quite stringent Traffic management important (variable bit rate) In the radio network => real-time (RT) connections Video streaming Audio streaming UE Buffer Source video or audio information is buffered in the UE, large delay => buffer is running out of content! A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 17

18 QoS classes Conversational Streaming Interactive Background Low round-trip delay (< seconds) Delay variation is not important BER requirements stringent In the radio network => non-real-time (NRT) connections Web browsing Interactive games Location-based services (LCS) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 18

19 QoS classes Conversational Streaming Interactive Background Delay / delay variation is not an important issue BER requirements stringent In the radio network => non-real-time (NRT) connections SMS (Short Message Service) and other more advanced Messaging services (EMS, MMS) notification, download File transfer A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 19

20 Core network A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 20

21 GSM/GPRS network GSM Radio access network (BSS) GSM/GPRS core network MSC GMSC PSTN BTS VLR MS BSC HLR BTS PCU SGSN LR IP Backbone AuC EIR GGSN LR Internet A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 21

22 UMTS network Rel. 99 Radio access network UTRAN Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) UE Uu Iub BS Iub BS Iur RNC RNC Iu CS Iu PS MSC VLR SGSN LR Gn IP Backbone GMSC HLR AuC EIR GGSN LR PSTN Internet A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 22

23 UMTS network Rel. 99 UE Radio access network UTRAN Uu BS BS Iub Iub Iur RNC RNC Iu CS Iu PS 2G => 3G: RAN MS => UE (User Equipment), often also called (user) terminal New air (radio) interface based on WCDMA access technology New RAN architecture - Iur interface is available for soft handover, - BSC => RNC A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 23

24 UMTS network Rel. 99 2G => 3G: CN MSC is upgraded to 3G MSC SGSN is upgraded to 3G SGSN GMSC and GGSN remain the same AuC is upgraded (more security features in 3G) Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) Iu CS MSC GMSC VLR HLR AuC Iu PS SGSN LR Gn EIR GGSN IP Backbone LR PSTN Internet A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 24

25 UMTS network Rel. 4 Circuit Switched (CS) core network UTRAN MSC Server GMSC Server GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) SGW MGW MGW SGW PSTN New option in Rel.4 PS core as in Rel. 99 A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 25

26 UMTS network Rel. 4 MSC Server takes care of call control signalling Circuit Switched (CS) core network The user connections are set up via MGW (Media GateWay) MSC Server GMSC Server Lower layer protocol conversion in SGW (Signalling GateWay) SGW MGW MGW SGW PSTN SS7 MTP RANAP / ISUP IP Sigtran PS core as in Rel. 99 A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 26

27 UMTS network Rel. 5 CS core UTRAN MGW PSTN IMS (IP Multimedia System) HSS GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio Access Network) SGSN GGSN Internet PS core A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 27

28 UMTS network Rel. 5 The IMS can establish multimedia sessions (using IP transport) via PS core between UE and Internet (or another IMS) Call/session control using SIP (Session Initiating Protocol) Interworking with the PSTN is required for some time... SGSN CS core IMS (IP Multimedia System) PS core MGW GGSN HSS PSTN Internet / other IMS A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 28

29 UMTS network Rel. 5 Alternative Acces s Network BSS/ TE MT GERAN R Um Iu TE MT UTRAN R Uu Iu Iu A Gb Applications & Services *) Iu SCP CAP HSS *) Gr EIR Gf SGSN MGW Mc Mh MSC server Gc Cx Gn Gi Legacy mobile signallingnetw ork R-SGW *) Mw Ms Nb Nc CSCF Mr MRF Gi GGSN Gi Mg Mc CSCF Mm MGCF MGW GMSC server Gi Mc Multim edia IP Networks T-SGW *) PSTN/ Legacy/External T-SGW *) Signalling Interface Signalling and Data Trans fer Interface CAP Applications & Services *) CAP D HSS *) C Mh R-SGW *) *) those elements are duplicated for figure layout purpose only, they belong to the same logical element in the reference model A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 29

30 UMTS Protocols A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 30

31 UMTS Protocols Different protocol stacks for user and control plane User plane (for transport of user data): Circuit switched domain: data within bit pipes Packet switched domain: protocols for implementing various QoS or traffic engineering mechanisms Control plane (for signalling): Circuit switched domain: SS7 based (in core network) Packet switched domain: IP based (in core network) Radio access network: UTRAN protocols

32 User plane (Circuit Switched) U u I u G n Data streams RLC RLC MAC MAC Frame Protocol (FP) AAL2 AAL2 ATM ATM TDM TDM Phys. WCDMA Phys. Phys. Phys. UE UTRAN 3G MSC GMSC

33 User Plan (Packet Switched) IP U u I u G n IP PDCP PDCP GTP GTP GTP GTP RLC RLC UDP IP UDP IP UDP IP UDP IP MAC MAC AAL5 ATM AAL5 ATM L2 L2 Phys. WCDMA Phys. Phys. Phys. L1 L1 UE UTRAN SGSN GGSN

34 Radio Interface Protocols e.g. MM, CC, SM transparent to UTRAN L3 L2 RRC Signalling radio bearers RLC Logical channels MAC (User plane) radio bearers PDCP L1 Transport channels PHY

35 Radio Interface A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 35

36 Frequency map A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks

37 Frequency map Two frequency bands for TDD and FDD. FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): it s a symmetric band assignment, one for the uplink and one for he downlink TDD (Time Division Duplex) it s a asymmetric channel A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 37

38 W-CDMA A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 38

39 Spreading The number of chips in the spreading code is called Spreading Factor (SF). The chip rate in UMTS is 3.84 Mcps. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 39

40 Scrambling Spreading codes of the same transmitter are mutually orthogonal Code of different transmitters have low cross correlation regardless of the time offset For this purpose, different scrambling codes are used for each transmitter A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 40

41 Orthogonal codes tree The orthogonal spreading codes are generated with different lengths using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) tree. The Spreading Factor (SF) is equal to the number of codes A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 41

42 Radio Interface At the radio interface some channels are for signaling and others for user data. Some channels are for packet switched access while others for circuit switching Different types of channels maps the RAB (Radio Access Bearers) requested by services A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 42

43 Logical/Transport/Physical channels A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 43

44 Logical/Transport/Physical channels : : RLC Logical channels MAC Transport channels Phy WCDMA Phy FP AAL 2 Physical channels : RLC MAC FP AAL 2 : UE Base station RNC

45 Radio protocols A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 45

46 Logical è Transport channels Uplink Downlink Logical channels CCCH DCCH PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH DCCH DTCH DTCH RACH CPCH DCH PCH BCH FACH DSCH DCH Transport channels

47 Transport è Physical channels Uplink Downlink Transport channels RACH CPCH PCH FACH BCH DSCH DCH DCH PRACH PCPCH SCCPCH PCCPCH DPDCH AICH CSICH DPCCH PICH CD/CA- ICH CPICH SCH PDSCH DPCH Physical channels

48 Physical channels Broadcast Channels (to all UEs in the cell) P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel SCH - Sync Channel P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel S-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s) PICH - Page Indication Channel Paging Channels S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel Random Access e Packet Access Channels Node B PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel UE PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel Dedicated Connection Channels DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 48

49 Physical channels: downlink Common Downlink Physical Channels P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary) Broadcast delle informazioni della cella Broadcast della SFN e Timing reference per tutti i canali DL SCH Synchronization Channel Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed con P-CCPCH S-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary) Trasmette l informazione di segnalazione e controllo per gli UE in idle-mode P-CIPCH Common Pilot Channel S-CIPCH Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells) PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Trasmette dati ad alta velocità a più utenti Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels DPDCHDedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel DPCCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel Trasmette la segnalazione e il controllo per i mobili in connessione A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 49

50 Physical channels: downlink (2) Downlink Indication Channels AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel) Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt (Echoes the UE s Random Access signature) PICH (Page Indication Channel) Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel) Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt (Echoes the UE s Packet Access signature) CD/CA-ICH Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt (Echoes the UE s Packet Access Collision Detection signature) Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments CSICH Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 50

51 Physical channels: uplink Common Uplink Physical Channels PRACH Physical Random Access Channe Used by UE to initiate access to BS PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel Used by UE to send connectionless packet data Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels DPDCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel DPCCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 51

52 Logical channels: downlink Common Downlink Logical Channels BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE PCCH (Paging Control Channel) Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE s location is unknown CCCH (Common Control Channel) Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel) Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only) CTCH (Common Traffic Channel) Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE s. Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) Traffic channel dedicated to one UE A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 52

53 Logical channels: uplink Common Uplink Logical Channels CCCH (Common Control Channel) Common signalingg channel in the uplink Dedicated Uplink Logical Channels DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) Transmits control information from UE DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) Traffic channel dedicated to one UE A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 53

54 Transport channels: downlink Common Downlink Transport Channels BCH (Broadcast Channel) Continuous transmission of system and cell information PCH (Paging Channel) Carries control information to UE when location is unknown Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel) FACH (Forward Access Channel) Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE No closed-loop power control DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE s Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels DCH (Dedicated Channel) Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 54

55 Transport channels: uplink Common Uplink Transport Channels RACH Random Access Channel Carries access requests, control information, short data Uses only open-loop power control Subject to random access collisions CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels DCH Dedicated Channel Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 55

56 DPCH - Downlink (DPCH = Dedicated Physical Channel) 2560 chips TFCI Data TPC Data Pilot ms radio frame TPC: Transmit Power Control TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator

57 DPDCH/DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Data/Control Channel) Dual-channel QPSK modulation: DPDCH (I-branch) 2560 chips Data Pilot TFCI FBI TPC DPCCH (Q-branch) ms radio frame (38400 chips) FBI: Feedback Information TPC: Transmit Power Control TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator

58 Soft handover SRNC Leg 1 BS Iub RNC Iu Core network UE BS Leg 2 Iur Signal combining point is in SRNC (downlink: in UE) Leg 3 BS Iub RNC DRNC

59 Micro/Macro diversity SRNC BS Iub RNC Iu Core network Iur UE Multipath propagation Rake receiver BS Iub RNC DRNC Macrodiversity combining point SRNC in Microdiversity combining point in base station

60 High Speed data services HSPA A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 60

61 Releases 3GGP for UMTS Release 99 UMTS con servizi voce e dati base Release 5 HSDPA Release 6 HSUPA Release 7 HSPA+ con 64 QAM Release 8 HSPA+ con 2x2 MIMO Release 9/10 HSPA+ Multicarrier A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 61

62 Data services UMTS Rel. 99 Maximum Throughput DL: 2 Mbps (with 4 channel at 768 kbps with SF4) Throughput DL : 384 kbps Latency between 100 and 200 ms A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 62

63 UMTS vs HSDPA Dedicated channels 10 ms 2 ms High speed shared channel Feedback on channel quality A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 63

64 Data services - Rel. 5: HSDPA Peak throughput DL 14 Mbps HSDPA vs. UMTS Higher order modulation Variable coding Main characteristics High data rate physical channels Small TTI Fast Scheduling User Diversity Higher order modulation (16 QAM) Flexibility to radio channel adaptation Fast HARQ These technical solutions allow to react quickly to channel variations Increasing throughput Low delay A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 64

65 HSDPA - HS-PDSCH The new channel introduced by HSDPA is the HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel) with SF 16 5 MHz 15 HS-PDSCH The time granularity for resource assignment (TTI) is also transmitted to 2 ms Each user, every 2 ms, can use a variable number of channels (fino a 15) of HS-PDSCH A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 65

66 HSDPA transmission scheme High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) High Speed Signalling Control Channel (HS-SCCH) High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 66

67 Scheduling in HSDPA The dynamic resource allocation by the scheduler (per 2ms TTI) is signaled to the users on a new downlink control channel called High Speed Signalling Control Channel (HS-SCCH). The following information is carried on the HS- SCCH: UE Identity (UE ID) via a UE specific CRC which allows addressing specific UEs on the shared control channel. Transport Format and Resource Indicator (TFRI) which identifies the scheduled resource and its transmission format. Hybrid-ARQ-related information to identify redundancy versions for the combining process. Each user can monitor up to 4 HS-SCCHs. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 67

68 Scheduling in HSDPA For the support of channel based scheduling and HARQ the following feedback signaling is transmitted on the High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) in the uplink: Channel Quality Information (CQI) to inform the scheduler about the instantaneous channel condition. HARQ ACK/NACK information to let the sender know the outcome of the decoding process and to request retransmissions. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 68

69 HSDPA Fast Scheduling TTI equal to 2 ms The radio resources could be assigned to the user with the best channel This would be a unfair but channel variations among users are uniformly experienced. The scheduler in any case allows to guarantee quality A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 69

70 HSDPA - Modulations QPSK (2 bits per symbol) [UMTS-R99] 16 QAM (4 bits per symbol) Adaptive modulation A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 70

71 HSDPA Link Adaptation and HARQ Fast Link Adaptation Based on channel coding FEC codes with different rates are adopted HARQ (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Req) FAST : managed by NodeB and not by BSC/RNC HYBRID : Transmissions and retransmissions are combined together to increase information rate A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 71

72 HSDPA - Terminals There are different types of HSDPA terminals Number of HS-PDSCH supported Buffer size for soft-combining Supported modulations and rate Throughput classes 1.2, 7.2, 14.4 Mbps A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 72

73 Data services Rel. 6 - HSUPA USUPA improves performance for the uplink The new characteristics are similar to those of HSDPA for the downlink Introduction of the Enhanced Dedicated Physical Channel (in HSDPA this was Shared) TTI of 2 ms Scheduling in the NodeB Fast Hybrid ARQ Latency of ms It could be used even without the HSDPA Additional terminal categories with maximum throughput of 2 and 5 Mbps A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 73

74 HSDPA vs HSUPA HSUPA brings some of the advanced functionalities of HSDPA in the uplink In particular, evolved Data Channel (edch) is introduced Differently from HSDPA, HSUPA uses power control (range of 70dB) A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 74

75 HSUPA channels For the support of the new functionality several new physical channels were introduced. E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel for dedicated uplink data transmission. During data transmission so-called Scheduling Information such as buffer status, data priority and power headroom can be piggybacked. E-DPCCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel with the associated control data for E-DPDCH detection and decoding. For the support of the scheduler there is a Happy Bit that informs if the UE has sufficient resources for transmission. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 75

76 HSUPA channels E-HICH: E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator Channel to transmit HARQ feed- back information (ACK/ NACK) E-RGCH: E-DCH Relative Grant Channel to grant dedicated resources (up, down, hold) to a UE E-AGCH: E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel is a shared channel that allocates an absolute re- source for one or several UE. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 76

77 HSUPA transmission scheme Based on the rate request (Scheduling In- formation or Happy Bit) the Node B may respond with a resource allocation via the absolute or a relative grant. The UE will use the grant for data transmission and the Node B will acknowledge the received packets. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 77

78 Scheduling in HSUPA The NodeB selects the data rate to use base on the feedback received by the UE Decisions on scheduling are taken by the NodeB based on the QoS parameters of all connections The NodeB also manages retransmissions, using advanced techniques for storing and recombining packets that are partially correctly received A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 78

79 UMTS Release 7 HSPA+ HSPA+ Release 7 includes HSDPA and HSUPA (HSPA) 2x2 MIMO Higher order modulations (DL 32 QAM ) Continuous Packet Connectivity HSPA+ and LTE performance in term of throughput and spectral efficiency are comparable Throughput max DL: 21 Mbps A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 79

80 UMTS Release 8 HSPA+ HSPA+ Release 8 includes 2x2 MIMO Higher order modulation (DL 64 QAM ) Continuous Packet Connectivity It s the last step of the evolution of UMTS data services in 3GPP Throughput max DL: 42 Mbps (2x2 MIMO) Throughput max UL: 11.5 Mbps A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 80

81 HSPA+ network architecture The concept of flat network (then used in LTE) is introduced in HSPA+ Through a tunnel, the User Plane uses a direct connection from NodeB to GGSN without crossing RNC and SGSN A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 81

82 HSPA+ MIMO Multi-antenna techniques allows to exploit multi-paths between transmitter and receiver In particular, MIMO techniques allow to transmit multiple flows on different radio paths increasing the throughput A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 82