Comparison of HF Channel
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1 Comparison of HF Channel Variation Models W.N. Furman Harris Corporation RF Communications Division Rochester, New York, U.S.A. HFIA - 1 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
2 Background 1 Harris utilizes a HF Channel simulator for system development and characterization Previously presented guidelines on how to achieve repeatable testin Simulator is standard Watterson Model with Gaussian shaped Rayleigh fading process Recent Harris projects have: measured longer term SNR variation on HF Channels modeled these variations modified the channel simulator to implement these variation models utilized new simulator for system testing. Work has been reported at HFIA, Nordic HF, MILCOM 2007 HFIA - 2 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
3 Background 2 The goal of this presentation Review SNR variation Models Examine SNR variation vs time Examine spectrum of SNR Examine HF modem performance under different variation models HFIA - 3 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
4 Simulator Block Diagram Frequency Offset Frequency Offset Rayleigh Fading Process Rayleigh Fading Process Intermediate And Long Term Variation Model Tx Filter Hilbert Delay + AGC Rx Filter Gaussian Noise CCIR 322 Noise Jammer Suite Core Functions Added Features HFIA - 4 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
5 Rayleigh Fading Model Gaussian noise Doppler Spread Doppler Gain I Phase Complex baseband Signal I,Q Gaussian noise Doppler Spread Doppler Gain Q Phase Component From Standard Watterson Channel Simulator HFIA - 5 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
6 ITV LTV Variation Model Mean SNR input to Watterson-model simulator is replaced with a momentary SNR parameter reflecting channel quality variation Independent generator structures are used to generate Intermediate-Term (ITV) and Long-Term (LTV) random processes Alpha filter produces noise with exponential autocorrelation High-pass filter eliminates variation in the frequency range attributed to diurnal and longer-term processes Diurnal profile could be based on measurements or VOACAP/ICEPAC predictions (as in Walnut Street ) HFIA - 6 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
7 Comparison of SNR Profiles SNR (db) Doppler 1HZ ITV 1S 4dB ITV 1S 10dB Time (secs) HFIA - 7 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
8 Composite SNR Profile 2 path Fading (2ms-1Hz), ITV(3.89dB-5.2s) LTV(3.493dB-180s) SNR (db) SNR Time (secs) HFIA - 8 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
9 Composite SNR Profile 2 path Fading (2ms-1Hz), ITV(3.89dB-5.2s) LTV(3.493dB-180s) SNR (db) Time (secs) HFIA - 9 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
10 SNR Spectrum - Composite DC Component Specified SNR -30 SNR(dB) Interpolation Effects Variation Spectrum Frequency (db) HFIA - 10 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
11 SNR Spectrum SNR (db) Hz Doppler s ITV/LTV Frequency (Hz) HFIA - 11 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
12 MIL-STD B 2400BPS 1.00E E E E E-04 ITV 10dB 1Hz Doppler AWGN-BER AWGN-BLER 1HZ-BER 1HZ-BLER 1S-4dB BER 1S-4dB BLER 1S-10dB BER 1S-10dB BLER 1.00E ITV 4dB 1.00E db / Division HFIA - 12 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
13 MIL-STD B 600BPS 1.00E E E E E-04 AWGN-BER AWGN-BLER 1HZ-BER 1HZ-BLER 1S-4dB BER 1S-4dB BLER 1S-10dB BER 1S-10dB BLER 1.00E E db / Division HFIA - 13 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
14 Observations Rayleigh Fading variation is faster with deeper nulls Intermediate variation is noticeably slower. 4dB has less total variation, 10dB similar variation ( max-min) Spectrum plots of these SNR variation processes confirm that the Rayleigh Model is higher bandwidth than the intermediate variation, which has a much narrower bandwidth. HFIA - 14 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
15 Observations Data collected for MIL-STD A, 2400bps and 600 bps. Both Short interleaver. Block size set to 1 second ( 2400 and 600 bits) Bit error rate (BER) and Block Error rate (BLER) both 5-8 db better with the 4dB intermediate term variation model than with single path Rayleigh Fading. Bit error rate (BER) and Block Error rate (BLER) both significantly worse with the 10dB intermediate term variation model than with single path Rayleigh Fading. HFIA - 15 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
16 Summary The Fading processes of the well known Watterson HF channel model and that of the new variation models differ in implementation and results. A Rayleigh fading process with 1 Hz Doppler spread has a significantly wider bandwidth than the intermediate term variation model with a 1 second time constant Modem performance is in general better with the intermediate variation than with the faster Rayleigh variation as long as the degree of variation is within the range of the modem waveform. If the Gain of this process is increased there will be SNR swings to lower SNRs which are outside of the range of acceptable modem performance for the given bit rate necessitating a modulation / data rate change. Both Models should be used in conjunction to measure performance of adaptive HF systems, s, especially those such as DLP which may access the channel over time period of 10s of seconds or minutes HFIA - 16 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
17 References Furman and Nieto, Understanding HF Channel Simulator Requirements in Order to reduce HF Modem Performance Measurement Variability, Nordic HF 01 Conference, August 2001, Faro, Sweden Arcoraci, Channel Quality Variation and its Impact on Data Link Protocol Performance, HFIA Meeting, July 2007, Rome, Italy Batts, Furman, Koski, Empirically characterizing channel quality variation on HF ionospheric channels, Nordic HF 07 Conference, August 2007, Faro, Sweden Batts, Furman, Koski, Channel Quality Variation as a Design Consideration for Wireless Data Link Protocols, IEEE Military Communications o Conference e MILCOM 2007, October , Orlando, Florida, USA. HFIA - 17 assuredcommunications 7 Feb 2008
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