Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems
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1 Workshop Cognitive PMSE Systems Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ruediger Kays Communication Technology Institute
2 Contents Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Motivation Basic Concepts Application Scenarios Outlook CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 2
3 Contents Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Motivation Basic Concepts Application Scenarios Outlook CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 3
4 Motivation (1) Radio spectrum is scarce... See e.g. German "Frequenznutzungsplan", a document of 674 pages... Source: "Frequenznutzungsplan zum Herunterladen", Stand , Download CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 4
5 Motivation (2) Radio spectrum is expensive... Price of UMTS licenses in Germany in 2000 (120 2 GHz, 20 years): 50.8 billion Price of licenses for mobile communication in Germany in 2010 ( GHz): 2.96 billion CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 5
6 The Race for Efficiency Efficiency is extremely important! The history of communication efficiency: 1948: C. E. Shannon: Information Theory 1950s/1960s Algebraic Channel Coding 1970s/1980s Convolutional Codes, Concatenated Codes Early 1990s The "Turbo Revolution" Late 1990s: MIMO Systems: Multiple Antennas ~ Multiple Transmission Capacity CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 6
7 But in reality, in any location most of the radio spectrum is free! Motivation (3) Measurement of power density, LS KT, TU Dortmund, CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 7
8 Contents Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Motivation Basic Concepts Application Scenarios Outlook CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 8
9 Definition Cognitive Radio Cognitive Radio System (ITU Definition): A radio system employing technology that allows the system to obtain knowledge of its operational and geographical environment, established policies and its internal state; to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to its obtained knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives; and to learn from the results obtained. Definition in Rec. ITU-R SM.2152, 2009 CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 9
10 Some related definitions... Software Defined Radio: A transmitter/receiver employing a universal hardware structure which can be adapted to apply different radio transmission modes (modulation, channel coding, transmission frequency) by software SDRs are useful tools to implement cognitive radio! Antenna RF Frontend A D D A Signal Processor Data out Data in Control/Software CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 10
11 Some related definitions... White Spaces: White spaces are channels within the licenced TV spectrum that are not used for TV services at a given location Especially the TV UHF bands ( MHz) are an interesting resource! EBU: 10 things you need to know about..., September 2011 Measurement of power density, LS KT, TU Dortmund, CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 11
12 Technical Concept Cognitive Radio......allows reuse of spectrum in white spaces...supports dynamic spectrum access...enables efficient transmission...can make wireless transmission arbitrarily robust CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 12
13 Technical Concept Cognitive Radio: Often means dynamic spectrum allocation, e.g. reuse of spectrum allocated to incumbent users/applications Where does the C.R. information come from? Spectrum sensing Specific signalling Data bank By the way: A certain reuse of spectrum can also be achieved by UWB technology CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 13
14 How to become cognitive (1) Pros: Spectrum Sensing Detection of incumbent users without the need for infrastructure a backward compatible solution! Detection also of other cognitive systems self organization of spectrum reusers possible Cons: Implementation effort for spectrum scanner Reliable detection of incumbents or other users of spectrum not possible in certain constellations Detector CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 14
15 Problems of Spectrum Scanning CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 15
16 Problems of Spectrum Scanning incumbent cognitive radio CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 16
17 Problems of Spectrum Scanning WhereisGPS??? CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 17
18 How to become cognitive (2) Signalling of incumbent usage Pros: Adaptive solution possible Helps to support self organisation of cognitive radios Cons: Signals have to be generated Scanning required Additional transmission effort No backwards compatibility CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 18
19 How to become cognitive (3) Use of a data bank Pros: Dynamic spectrum effort for spectrum scanner avoided Can supply reliable information about incumbent users Cons: Detailed information for each location has to be provided Cognitive radio nodes need localisation Information has to be distributed (e.g. by cognitive channel ) No support of cognitive network organisation CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 19
20 Solution Universal solution for cognitive radio systems: Combine concepts Different information sources should be combined, depending on application and scenario CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 20
21 Universal Cognitive Radio System Cognitive Radio Node C.R.S. Distributed Data Base Internal Data Base Policy and Etiquette Local Cognitive Engine Cognit. Ch. Transceiver Spectrum Scanner "Ether" Data * Adjustment of: frequency transmission power modulation scheme and FEC medium access parameters Adjustable Radio Transceiver* CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 21
22 Contents Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Motivation Basic Concepts Application Scenarios Outlook CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 22
23 Hierarchy Dynamic Spectrum Usage Hierarchy Incumbent User always has right of way Cognitive Radio System #1 coordination? Cognitive Radio System #2... Cognitive Radio System #n give right of way to incumbents CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 23
24 Application Scenarios (1) SFN 1 SFN 2 Cognitive Radio System in White Space DVB-T@f 1 DVB-T@f 1 DVB-T@f 1 DVB-T@f 1 CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 24
25 Application Scenarios (2) C-PMSE CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 25
26 Application Scenarios (3) Mobile Network CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 26
27 Application Scenarios (4) Cognitive Home Network Sat- Receiver Cognitive Media Network 1 Cognitive Home Media Network 2 Gateway Local Server Cognitive Control Network CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 27
28 Contents Overview of Cognitive Radio Systems Motivation Basic Concepts Application Scenarios Outlook CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 28
29 Current Situation Cognitive Radio is a hot topic in research, development and standardization European and international standardization: ITU-R, e.g. WRC-2012 ETSI (e.g. TC Reconfigurable Radio Systems) IEEE (SCC 41, P1900, IEEE 802,...) Research projects ~ 20 projects in EU FP 7, e.g. QoSMOS,... German national projects, e.g. C-PMSE, research program Kognitive drahtlose Kommunikationssysteme,... CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 29
30 Outlook Outlook Basic idea of cognitive radio is not new Basic concepts are known, at least in principle BUT: Complexity of wireless transmission environment requires a lot of research on practical solutions for different scenarios! The paradigm of fixed frequency assignments has to be replaced by dynamic spectrum access to achieve optimal usage of wireless ressources! CogRadio_Kays.ppt Slide 30
31 Thank You for Your Attention!
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