Differential Amplifier-Based Second Generation Current Conveyor: Review and Recent Development

Transcription

1 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á Differential Amplifier-Based Second Generation Current Conveyor: Review and Recent Development 1 * Wanlop Surakampontorn 1 Khanittha Kaewdang* 2 1 Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok Tel: kswanlop@kmitl.ac.th 2 Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubonratchathani Tel: khanittha.k@ubu.ac.th Surakampontorn 7 Surakampontorn Liu Palmisano Ismail Soliman Yodprasit Laopoulos Elwan Soliman Hassanenin Abstract A review on the recent developments of second generation current conveyors (CCII) that implemented by based on the used of long tail pair differential amplifiers is outlined in this article. The applications and modifications of Surakampontorn CCII circuits are discussed. Seven differential-amplifierbased CCII circuits are listed, i.e. Surakampontorn et al. CCII, Liu et al. CCII, Palmisano et al. CCII, Ismail and Soliman CCII, Yodprasit CCII, Laopoulos et al. CCII, and Elwan and Soliman CCII. Through simulation results that has been studied by Hassanenin et al., the comparison of the CCII characteristics and performances of the CCIIs are also reported. Keywords: Current conveyor, differential amplifier, CMOS. 1. (voltage mode) (Integrated Circuit IC)

2 62 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á 2553 (current mode) [1] (analog circuit building block) (Current Conveyor CC) K.C. Smith A. Sedra CCI (first generation current conveyor) [2] CCII (second generation current conveyor) [3] [4 9] CCIII (third generation current conveyor) [10,11] (Differential Amplifier: Diff. Amp) (long tail pair) (1) 1 i 0 ; y V V i i (1) x y (1) () X Y (voltage buffer) X Y 1 Vx Vy Y Y i Y = 0 () X Z X Z 1 iz ix ± X Z (+) i Z i x (-) i Z i x z x

3 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á () (VCCS) () (VCCS) () (CCCS) () (CCVS) () () () () 2 () X X Z Z 2 (CCII) (dependent source) 4 [12] 2() (Voltage Controlled Voltage Source VCCS) 2() (Voltage Controlled Current Source VCCS) 2() (Current Controlled Voltage Source CCCS) 2() (Current Controlled Voltage Source CCVS) 2() 2() (voltage amplifier) (current amplifier) 2() 2() (current differentiator) (current integrator)

4 64 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á 2553 [1] 2() Y CCII X I IN X Z I Z = I IN R Y CCII VY IIN R X Y V OUT = V X = IIN R X A. Sedra K.C. Smith [3] (1) (Voltage to current converter V-I) V-I [13-15] W. Surakampontorn P. Thitimajshima (Electronically Tunable Second Generation Current Conveyor ECCII) [16] i 0 ; y V V x y i A i (2) z O x 3 [16] 3 ECCII (bi-polar technology) Q 1, Q 2 I 1 X Y V x V y Q 3 Q 2, Q 3 I 1 /2 X Q 4 Q 15 i Z = A O i X = (I 3 /I 2 )i X A O = I 3 / I 2 I 2 I W. Surakampontorn K. Kumwachara 4() ECCII [17] 4 () ECCII 3 M1 M7 M9 M12 Y X M10 M13 (2) i z / i x A O

5 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á () [22] 4() ECCII (Translinear) [23] [24] () () 4 () () [17] 3 4() (class A) A. Fabre N. Mimeche (class AB) [18] 1997 C.A. Papazoglou C.A. Karybakas ECCII 4() ECCII [19] C.A. Papazoglou C.A. Karybakas 4() ( 5 ) [20] Shahram Minaei ECCII [21-22] 1 [21] 4 () (saturation region) I B W. Surakampontorn [25] 5 W. Surakampontorn (3) (4) r X VX gm 1 V g g g Y m1 d 2 d 3 gd 2 gd 4 g ( g g g ) m5 m1 d 2 d 4 rz g 1 g d 7 d10 V-I W. Surakampontorn [15] (3) (4)

6 66 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á M1 M2 I B1 X Y M3 M4 M1 M2 V GS1 = V GS2 V X = V Y Y i Y = 0 M5 (source follower) I S5 = I D5 M2, M4 M5 X i X X 5 () g mi g di (transconductance gain) (drain conductance) i r X r Z X Z 5 3 () W. Surakampontorn (circuit building block) (capacitance multiplier) ( 3(a) 3(b) 5) [26] V-I scalar [27] ( 6(a) 6(b) 4() 5 ) [28] (current follower) ( 4 5) [29] ( 3 [30] [31] ) 5 () 5 (p channel) ( 3 ) [32] (dual outputs CCII DO-CCII) ( 10 ) [33] 5 2 ( 1 ) [34] ( 1 ) [35] PID [36] (Multiple Outputs CCII MO-CCII) [37,38] Nullator Norator 5 FTFN (Four Terminal Floating Nullor) [39] NMOS [40] () R. Wojtyna

7 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á ( 1 ) [41] W. Chiu DDCCII (Differential Difference Current Conveyor) [42] H.O. Elwan A.M. Soliman [43] (LC ladder filter) H. Sedef C. Acar [44] I.M. Filanovsky (CMOS voltage conveyor) [45] S. Emami X [46] Wessam S. Hassanein W. Surakampontorn X 1 5() [47] J. Arcamoni NEMS Resonator [48] Surakampontorn [49] S. Liu et al. [50] Y V B M3 M1 M2 M7 V DD M4 V SS M8 M5 X M9 M6 6 S. Liu (5) (6) VX gm1gm5 V g g ( g g )( g g ) Y m1 m5 d 2 d 3 d 5 d8 g g 1 3 X d d gm1gm5 r r Z g 1 g d 6 d 9 6 S. Liu (M1,M2 M7) (M3 M4) 5 X (source follower) I D4 = I D5 M5 (PMOS) (common source) V GS1 = V GS2 V X = V Y X X M6 i X Z M5 M6 (matched) i Z = i X (5) (6) i X i X I D4 I D5 Z (5) (6)

8 68 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á G. Palmisano G. Palumbo [51] (M3 M7) M5 I B 2I B G. Palmisano G. Palumbo M1 I B M3 M4 M2 M1 M2 I D1 = I D2 V X = V Y M4 M6 X Z i Z = i X (7) (8) M3 M4 Y 8 A.M. Ismail A.M. Soliman X V X = V Y M7 M2 X M9 M10 M11 M2 M10 M11 i X Z M8 2 M7 (9) (10) VX VY 1 g 3 5 ( 3 2 5)( 2 2 7) 1 d gd g d gd gd gd g 2 m1 2gm1 (9) g 3 2 d g r d5 X 2 gm1( gm1 gd 3 gd5) 1 rz gd8 gd11 (10) 7 G. Palmisano G. Palumbo U. Yodprasit [53] V V X Y g g m1 d1 gm1 gd 4 ( gd1 2 gd3) ( g g ) d 3 m4 (7) g 1 2 d g r d 3 X ( gm1 gd1)( gm4 gd 3) gd4( gd1 2 gd3) 1 rz gd 6 gd 7 (8) A.M. Ismail A.M. Soliman [52] 8 A.M. Ismail A.M. Soliman 2 M3 M6 improved Wilson 9 U. Yodprasit VX gm3gm7gm8 V g g g g g g Y m3 m7 m8 d 3 d 5 d 7 (11)

9 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á g d1gd 5g r d 7 X gm1gm5gm7 gm8 1 rz gd11 gd14 gd15 (12) M3 M4 M9 M10 M11 U. Yodprasit X X M5 M6 M1 M2 I D5 = I D6 (M12-M13) V X = V Y X Z M12-M15 8 i X Liu 9 U. Yodprasit M5 M6 (saturation mode) H. M. Hassan and A.M. Soliman U. Yodprasit r X [54] (13) (14) T. Laopolos et al. [55] () T. Laopolos et al. V B2 Y V B1 M1 M3 M10 M16 M11 M4 V SS V DD M2 M12 M13 M14 M15 M7 M5 M8 M6 X M9 () Elwan Soliman 10 T. Laopolos H.O. Elwan A.M. Soliman T. Laopolos et al. 10() M7 M8 3I B I B M1 M4 M5 I D5 = I D6 ( S. Liu et al.) M6 M12 - M13 X M9 M11 M15 X Z H.O. Elwan A.M. Soliman [43] H.O. Elwan A.M. Soliman 10() 5 (Surakampontorn Circuit) (class A) M5 (rail-to-rail) (class AB) NMOS (M1 M2) PMOS (M10 M11) 1.5 Z

10 70 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á [7] () 10() Input Voltage range A V (Average values) V to to to to to to to Voltage offset variation mv to to to to to to to F 3db of voltage transfer gain Input current range A I (Average values) MHz A -100 to to to to to to to Current offset variation A to to to to to to to f 3db of current transfer gain MHz r X Liu et al. 6 M5 X V GS1 = V GS2 V X = V Y X M6 i X Z M5 M6 i Z = i X I.A. Awad A.M. Soliman [56] 4. Wessam S. Hassanein 5 10 [7] 1 10 () r X () r X 6 7 r X

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14 74 ÇÒÃÊÒÃÇªÒ Òà ÇÈÇ ÃÃÁÈÒÊà Á.ͺ.» 3 ºº 2 Ã Ò Á - ¹ÇÒ Á 2553 [53] Yodprasit, U High precision CMOS current conveyor. Electronics Letters, 36: [54] Hassan, H.M. and Soliman, A. M Novel accurate wideband CMOS current conveyor. Frequenz, 60: [55] Laopoulos, T., Sisko, S., Bafleur, M. and Givelin, P CMOS current conveyor. Electronics Letters, 28: [56] Awad, I. A. and Soliman, A. M High accuracy class AB CCII-. AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 58: