Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Transcription

1 January 2014 doc.: IEEE thz_240GHz Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: High Data Rate Wireless Communication using a 240 GHz Carrier Date Submitted: 19 January 2014 Source: Jochen Antes Company: Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor System, Stuttgart, Germany Address Pfaffenwaldring 47, D Stuttgart Voice: +49 (0) FAX: +49 (0) , jochen.antes@ilh.uni-stuttgart.de Re: n/a Abstract: The architecture, implementation and performance of an active MMIC-based 240 GHz frontend for multi-gigabit wireless communication is presented. Using this frontend, indoor transmission experiments show the feasibility of data rates up to 30 Gbit/s. In a long-range outdoor transmission, a distance of 1 km with data rates up to 24 Gbit/s is achieved. Purpose: Information of IEEE SG 100G Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P Submission Slide 1 Jochen Antes, University of Stuttgart

2 High Data Rate Wireless Communication using a 240 GHz carrier J. Antes 1, F. Boes 1, A. Tessmann 2, R. Henneberger 3, I. Kallfass 1 1 University of Stuttgart, Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor System, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics, Freiburg, Germany 3 Radiometer Physics GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany

3 Outline q Motivation q 240 GHz Frontend MMICs & Modules q Transmission Experiments q Receiver sensitivity q Lab experiments q Long range outdoor transmission q Comparison to State-of-the-Art 3

4 MOTIVATION 4

5 Motivation Millimeter Wave Communication q Available bandwidth q Compactness of components q High gain antennas combined with small aperture q Large atmospheric transmission windows Application Scenarios q Point-to-Point links q Backhaul / Last Mile access q Board-to-board q Intra-machine communication 5

6 Atmospheric attenuation in the mmw range q Large atmospheric transmission window between 183 and 325 GHz q Atmospheric attenuation: q Clear atmosphere: db/km q Foggy atmosphere: 9.5 db/km q Rain drops: db/km attenuation (db/km) O 2 O 2 1 bar, 20 C H 2 O H 2 O 43.4% RH heavy rain heavy fog frequency (GHz) I.T.U. Recommendation, Attenuation by atmospheric gases, ITU-R P.676-8, I.T.U. Recommendation, Attenuation due to clouds and fog, ITU-R P.840-4,

7 1.1 km, 240 GHz Wireless Link 7

8 Long Range Demonstrator 8

9 Long Range Demonstrator 9

10 Long Range Demonstrator 10

11 Long Range Demonstrator 11

12 Long Range Demonstrator 35nm mhemt LNA SH-IQ mixer 12

13 Long Range Demonstrator 35nm mhemt LNA SH-IQ mixer 13

14 240 GHZ FRONTEND MMICS & MODULES 14

15 Metamorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor 100 nm f T / f max = 220/300 GHz 50 nm 375/600 GHz 35 nm 515/900 GHz 20 nm 660/>1000 GHz mhemt Al 0.48 In 0.52 As (InP) Al 0.48 Ga 0.52 As (GaAs) Leuther et. al. IPRM inch GaAs wafer MIM MIM on via SiN RF PAD 20 µm Frontside Process Airbridge Backside Process 15

16 240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature transmitter q 35 nm mhemt technology q 2x subharmonic single balanced mixer cells q 240 GHz Lange coupler for I/Q functionality q 240 GHz LNA featuring > 35 db gain q RF transmit power up to -1 dbm 16

17 240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature receiver q Same stages as in Tx, but reversed LNA q Same packaging interfaces as in Tx q Conversion gain 10 db 17

18 240 GHz Subharmonic quadrature receiver q Same stages as in Tx, but reversed LNA q Same packaging interfaces as in Tx q Conversion gain 10 db 18

19 Splitblock Waveguide Packaging 0-40 GHz 120 GHz 240 GHz DC-bias 19

20 Splitblock Waveguide Packaging 0-40 GHz 120 GHz 240 GHz DC-bias 20

21 Splitblock Waveguide Packaging 0-40 GHz 120 GHz 240 GHz DC-bias V-Connector IF port WR-3 RF port 21

22 240 GHz Receiver 14 Noise Figure [db] IF-I IF-Frequency [GHz] Conversion gain q up to 3 db q I/Q imbalance below 2 db DSB noise figure q NF approx. 11 db over 20 GHz IF GHz LO 22

23 240 GHz Transmitter q P LO GHz q P out -3.6 dbm q IF-bandwidth approx. 35 GHz q 2xLO-to-RF isolation >12 dbc q I/Q imbalance below 1 db Lopez-Diaz et.al. EuMC

24 240 GHZ TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS 24

25 Receiver Sensitivity Measurement q Back-to-back configuration with calibrated attenuator between Tx and Rx q Measurement with BERT system q BPSK modulation up to 40 Gbit/s q Optimum Rx input power between -32 and -30 dbm Measured eye diagram at 35 Gbit/s BER < log(ber) Gbit/s 40 Gbit/s 35 Gbit/s Gbit/s Receiver Input Power [dbm] 25

26 Indoor experiments I q Back-to-back and wireless measurements q 10 GS/s AWG as signal source q 80 GS/s, real-time Scope for capturing received signal q Demodulation with VSA software q phase matched cables & IF amplification (22 db) in receiver path q Horn antennas + dielectric lenses (approx. 23dBi) q Up to 40 m distance (WR-3 attenuator for linear Rx operation AWG Scope I Q WR-3 Att I Q LO Tx x6 20 GHz 40 m RF out RF in back to back Rx LO x6 20 GHz 26

27 Indoor experiments II MMIC I/Q Rx & Tx horn-antenna LO x6 VSA-software power supply 80 GSa/s realtime scope attenuator IQ in/out amplifiers lens 27

28 Indoor experiments III q Constellation diagram for a QPSK modulated signal with 5 and 10 GBd 5 GBd 10 GBd back-to-back back-to-back q Demodulated Eyediagram for the 10 GBd signal EVM=7.10% 40 m EVM=11.04% 40 m EVM=9.23% EVM=10.26% 28

29 Indoor experiments IV q Constellation diagram for an 8-PSK modulated signal with 5 and 10 GBd 5 GBd 10 GBd back-to-back back-to-back q Slight decrease in signal quality between b2b and wireless transmission EVM=14.08% 40 m EVM=15.13% 40 m q Data rate limited by sampling rate of AWG EVM=12.30% EVM=15.16% 29

30 Indoor experiments V q Transmission of 16QAM not possible q LNA in transmitter operates in compression 30

31 1.1 km, 240 GHz Wireless Link 1.1 km 31

32 Beam Alignment Antenna Gain 55 dbi HPBW Spot 1 km 2.8 m 32

33 Transmit & Receive Housing with integrated Antenna Tx/Rx + x6 Scope Temperature regulation Cassegrain Antenna System 33

34 1.1 km PSK transmission at 12 GBd q EVM for q BPSK 24.9% q QPSK 22.7% q Both equals a BER better than 1x

35 1.1 km 8-PSK transmission q 6 GBd q EVM 18.5% q 12 GBd q Mapping of symbols not possible q Results in BER around 1x

36 State-of-the-Art Wireless Communication above 100 GHz Frequency Transmitter Receiver Bit rate Group Ref. 120 GHz MMIC 200 GHz Photonic MMIC (direct detection) direct detection 240 GHz MMIC MMIC GHz 300 GHz 300 GHz 625 GHz Photonic Frequency multiplexer 20 Gbps NTT [1] 1 Gbps IEMN [2] Up to 30 Gbps ILH, Fraunhofer IAF, KIT, RPG this work direct detection > 20 Gbps NTT [3] heterodyne detection ~100 Mbps TU Braunschweig [4] Resonanttunneling Diode Frequency multiplexer Resonanttunneling Diode Direct detection 1.5 Gbps Rohm [5] 2.5 Gbps Bell Labs [6] 36

37 Conclusion q 240 GHz Tx and Rx Frontend Modules q Quadrature up- and down-conversion q Subharmonic LO drive q RF pre- and post-amplification q Approx. 20 GHz IF bandwidth on module level q Receiver sensitivity characterized up to 40 Gbit/s q Reasonable BER of better than 6x10-8 for data rates up to 35 Gbit/s q Indoor transmission experiments up to 40 m and 30 Gbit/s q PSK modulation up to 8-PSK q No amplitude modulation possible due to LNA linearity in Tx q Outdoor transmission at 1.1 km and 24 Gbit/s QPSK 37

38 Future Work q Evaluation of the critical system components q Redesign on MMIC level with replacement of the LNA in the transmitter with a power amplifier q Improvements on module level to overcome losses and bandwidth limitations q Replacement of data source to overcome bandwidth limitations 38

39 Acknowledgements q The MILLILINK project partners Fraunhofer IAF, Kathrein, KIT Radiometer Physics, Siemens CT q This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF) in the frame of the MILLILINK project under grant 01BP

40 Thank you for your attention Jochen Antes University of Stuttgart Institute of Robust Power Semiconductor Systems Pfaffenwaldring 47 D Stuttgart Tel.: +49 (0) Fax: +49 (0) jochen.antes@ilh.uni-stuttgart.de 40

41 References [1] A. Hirata, R. Yamaguchi, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, K. Murata, T. Nagatsuma, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, N. Iai, S. Okabe, S. Kimura, H. Ikegawa, H. Nishikawa, T. Nakayama, and T. Inada, 10-Gbit/s wireless link using InP HEMT MMICs for generating 120-GHz-band millimeter-wave signal, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 57, No. 5, pp , [2] G. Ducournau et al., Optically power supplied Gbit/s wireless hotspot using 1.55 mm THz photomixer and heterodyne detection at 200 GHz, Electron. Lett., Vol. 46, No. 19, [3] T. Nagatsuma, H. -J. Song, Y. Fujimoto, A. Hirata, K. Miyake, K. Ajito, A. Wakatuski, T. Furuta, and N. Kukutsu, Giga-bit wireless link using GHz bands, IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP)2009, Th.2.3, Valencia, [4] C. Jastrow, S. Priebe, B. Spitschan, J. Hartmann, M. Jacob, T. Kürner, T. Schrader, T. Kleine- Ostmann, Wireless digital data transmission at 300 GHz, Electron. Lett., vol.46, no. 9, pp , [5] T. Mukai, M. Kawamura, T. Takada, and T. Nagatsuma, 1.5-Gbps wireless transmission using resonant tunneling diodes at 300 GHz, Tech. Dig. Optical Terahertz Science and Technology 2011 Meeting, MF42, Santa Barbara, 2011 [6] L. Moeller, J. F. Federici and K. Su, THz wireless communications: 2.5 Gb/s error-free transmission at 625 GHz using a narrow-bandwidth 1 mw THz source, Tech, Dig. URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, Turkey, August