SKA-LOW: Status Update. André van Es SKA-LOW Project Manager

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1 SKA-LOW: Status Update André van Es SKA-LOW Project Manager

2 SKA global community Australia (DoI&S) Canada (NRC-HIA) China (MOST) India (NCRA/DAE) Italy (INAF) Netherlands (NWO) New Zealand (MED) South Africa (DST) Sweden (Chalmers) UK (STFC) France (Maison de France) New members: Spain, France Candidates: Portugal, Japan, Brazil, Switzerland

Construction Cost-cap: 675M Procurement: 2019 -

Australia SKA1-Mid: ~200 x 15m dishes, 0.

3 SKA Phase 1 3 sites (AUS, RSA, UK-HQ) 2 telescopes (LOW, MID) one Observatory (SKAO) Construction Cost-cap: 675M Procurement: SKA1-Low: ~131,000 low-freq dipoles, MHz 65 (40) km max. baseline 110 MHz) Murchison, Western Australia SKA1-Mid: ~200 x 15m dishes, (24) GHz 150 (120) km max. baseline 1.7 GHz; >34 15 GHz) Karoo, South Africa

4 The early history of structure formation in the Universe Figure from Robertson et al When did the Universe emerge from the Dark Ages? How did cosmic (re)ionization proceed? What was the neutral fraction of the IGM as a function of redshift?

Probing the early universe with the 21cm line EoR 5 10 50 100 500 MHz 50

intergalactic medium before and during formation of first stars Cosmic Dawn

5 Probing the early universe with the 21cm line EoR MHz 50 Neutral Hydrogen 21 cm spin-flip transition provides probe of neutral intergalactic medium before and during formation of first stars Cosmic Dawn Dark Ages 1420 MHz/(1 + z) l = 21 cm (1 + z) z T b (mk) eg Pritchard & Loeb

6 The Cradle of Life: exoplanets Zarka ea 2015 from Gregg Hallinan At SKA1-low frequencies (<100MHz), we will be sensitive to radio burst emission from hot Jupiters out to 10 pc: measure rotation periods (Zarka ea, SKA science book) Predicted radio emission from known exoplanets (Zarka ea 2015)

7 SETI are we alone? Detectable stars with airport radar power ~ 10 4 with SKA1 Detectable stars with TV transmitter power ~10 with SKA2 (Siemion+ 2015)

8 SKA1-LOW Location SKA1-LOW located within Boolardy Station, Murchison, WA (3,560 sq km) LOW core location selected, approx. 19.5km between LOW core and ASKAP core Low core location 8

SKA1-LOW design: configuration Outcome of three calibration consultations and input from wide range of scientific, low frequency calibration and engineering experts Pseudo-random core distribution of

9 SKA1-LOW design: configuration Outcome of three calibration consultations and input from wide range of scientific, low frequency calibration and engineering experts Pseudo-random core distribution of (~38m diameter) stations in a compact configuration Groups of six random stations extending out to 65km diameter Supports the concept of virtual (~11m diameter) sub-stations for a limited number of correlations cost neutral Dewdney et al 2016

10 LOW Infrastructure Infrastructure GIS GIS viewer viewer LOW CDR Progress Infrastructure Australia Consortium CDR panel held June 2018 CDR observations closed out October 2018 LOW infrastructure design baseline under configuration control LOW Geographical Information System (GIS) viewer available to the project Heritage surveys underway on site SEAC October

11 Ground Preparation 35m Stations Total central core clearance requirement Total central core area = 201,058 m**2 (42% fill factor) = 500,000 m**2 Existing 35 m dia. stations and array configuration has no overlapping stations Access routes within central core complex but workable 20

12 Power Distribution - Overview Power needs to be transmitted over a large distance to relatively small electrical loads, which a number of unique challenges Approximately 200km of high voltage power distribution cabling to be installed Enough to reach from Amsterdam to Brussels 12

13 Networks- Overview Network topography Master clock design 13

14 TM/SDP Dishes The Telescope Signals Central Signal Processor Science Data Processor SKA Regional Centre Antennae Tango SaFE software development process Regional Data Centre Flexible scheduling approach

15 Computing Challenges (SKA1) SKA-LOW Global Traffic in 2020 ~500 Tb/s Conservative Analysis ~2 Pb/s ~50 PFlops 7.2 Tb/s ~5 Tb/s ~250 PFlops SKA-MID 8.8 Tb/s Tera Peta Exa Zetta ~ Gb/s PB/yr ~130 PB/yr AWS, IBM, Google, Nvidia SGI, Intel,

16 SKA1 Data flow Slide on SRGs and opportunities for regional centres (see AENEAS talk) SDP SA SDP AU Observatory Data Products flow from the Science Data Processors in Perth and Cape Town to Science Regional Centres around the globe

17 SKA1-Low Antenna Development SKALA1-2: Open boom, 9 dipoles SKALA3: Open boom, 9 dipoles SKALA4: Closed boom, dipoles SKALA4 design for SKA1-Low antenna Improved: sensitivity, smoothness, polarisation purity, beam shape SKALA4: Closed boom, optimised

18 SKALA-4 Antenna 18

19 Mechanical design of TPM, ADU and pre-adu And Cabinet 19

20 AAVS1 station First prototype station, build at MWA site 256 antennae (SKALA-2) And SPS 20

21 Gemini LRU Assembled with production Xilinx FPGA par Feature Detail Parts 915 Different Parts 126 Nets 1442 Diff. Pairs 389 Conn Trace 55m Layers 18 %covered 30%

22 Gemini XH LRU FPGA replaced with HBM enabled XCUV37P (extra 300pins) Extra 2x18A Power for HBM Second Configuration Memory removed Front JTAG connector removed Extra 60A Power supply for FPGA Core Increased copper for FPGA core supply MBO positions adjusted to optimise liquid/optical & electrical path

23 Transient Buffer Function (current design status) The proposed bandwidth is 150 MHz the band ranging will go from 150 to 300 MHz. Minimum buffer size 256 Gb/station For 512 stations and 24 triggers/day would result in 3.1 PByte/day However archive limits this at this moment to 1 PiB/day

24 Current Status of LOW design CDR s TM, CDR passed, closed INFRA-AUS, CDR passed, status closing SaDT, CDR passed, status closing CSP, CDR passed, status closing LFAA, CDR dec 2018 SDP, CDR jan 2019 AIV, CDR march 2019 System CDR, June 2019

LOW High Level Schedule LOW High Level Schedule IGO IGO formation Current Activitie s and Program System CDR LOW Bridging Work Construction & Submission AA1-AA4 AA0.

25 LOW High Level Schedule LOW High Level Schedule IGO IGO formation Current Activitie s and Program System CDR LOW Bridging Work Construction & Submission AA1-AA4 AA0.5 verification Contracting AA1-AA4 S1: Preparation and off-site verification AA0.5 Proposal Planning SPS redesign Test Plan Definition SPS upgrade + verification Timing verification Antenna design update S2: Infrastructure + Hardware roll-out Site preparation AA0.5 Field Node Networks and technical buildings S3: Station Calibration 2 Stations 2 Stations S4: Early System Integration S5:Hand over SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW SW

26 Summary SKA-LOW status is not SKA low-status : SKA-LOW is close to CDR status SKA-LOW has important contributions and functions to support SETI But be prepared for the amount of data!!

27 Thanks to: Slides contributed by: Jeff Wagg Martin Austin Tom Booler Jader Monari Evan Keane Maurizio Miccolis Maria Grazia Labate

Status of Design Planning for Construction

Status of Design Planning for Construction Alistair McPherson 18 May 2016 International Design Teams Project Management and System Engineering based at Jodrell Bank, Manchester, UK ~500 scientists & engineers