2018 ITEA Test Instrumentation Workshop Las Vegas, NV May 2018

Transcription

1 2018 ITEA Test Instrumentation Workshop Las Vegas, NV May 2018 Jeffrey Schleher DET & EWT S&T HPM SME Acknowledgement: These works were funded by the Test Resource Management Center (TRMC) Test & Evaluation/Science & Technology (T&E/S&T) Program and managed by the U.S. Army Program Execution Office for Simulation, Training, and Instrument (PEO-STRI) Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited

2 Topics High Power Microwave Test Space Determining Non-Intrusive E-Field Sensor Requirements Existing Intrusive RF Sensors DET S&T Fielded E-field Sensors Sensor Calibration (NIST Traceability) Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 2

3 High Power Microwave Test Space Blue on Red Red on Blue Source Propagation Medium Target Platform Target Electronics Current DET S&T Need Current DET S&T Need MIL STD 464C Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 3

4 Applications of Radio Frequency/Microwave Receivers High Power Microwave Test (MIL STD 464C) U.S High Power Microwave Weapons (C-IED) High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (MIL STD , etc) Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (MIL STD 464C) Space Test (MIL STD 1541) RADHAZ (DoD ) Electronic Warfare Test Spectrum Verification Communications Test Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 4

5 Present Free Field Sensors D-dot EG&G ACD-2 D-dot Standard Gain Horns SGH X-band Open Wave Guides GHz Radio Frequency Diodes Diode Detector Also Inside Sometimes Target Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 5

6 Sensor Intrusion on Field Measured At Source E-field (near field) 10% At Target Free Field or Near the Ground E-field 10% Beam Shape (antenna pattern) 10% In Target Present Sensor Intrusion E-field 10% Current 25% And, don t forget any baluns, FO converters, cables, and stands included * Source various studies using sensors for the applications noted 6 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 6

7 DET S&T Measured Sensor Intrusion APOS sensor Material Diameter (µm) Q Loss/pass Air ~1% Fiber APOS ~1% Wire % Wire % Wire % Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 7

8 HPM Sensor Test Space Requirements Source o Not Required Diodes Propagation Environment o Free Field Not Required - Horns, D-dot But faster set-up o Ground Effect 3-Axis, Non-Intrusive At Target o Off Set (away from target) B-dots, D-dots o On Surface Single Axis Non-Intrusive Inside Target o o o Large Cavity Non-Intrusive, 3-Axis, Moderately Small, Sensitive Electronics Bay Small, Non-Intrusive, 3-axis or Single Axis, Very Sensitive On-Board Small, Non-Intrusive, Single Axis, Very Sensitive Inside Explosive Targets (C-IED) o Bridge Wire Cavity - Electronics Cheap, Small, Single Axis Sensitive Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 8

9 S&T Alternative Sensors Goals: Non-Intrusive Wideband Sensitive 3-Axis Small Cheap Able to handle HPM power E-Field EO Sensors EO Crystals Pockel Effect Tailored EO Polymers Pockel Effect EO Crystals Kerr Effect Current Sensors No current project Received Proposal but chose B-Field approach Voltage Potential Slab Coupled Optical Sensor Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 9

10 Compact Three Axis Sensor (CTAS) PM input fibers MM output fibers 3-Axis EO probe Field Tested at PAX River Can be Three Singles or 3-Axis Prototype Retained by NRL To work on IEMS Project Provides data on all three axis Being used for Rail Gun Sensing at NRL and Dahlgren Prototype available on conclusion of Rail Gun Project CTAS also used at China Lake Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 10

11 Compact Three Axis Sensor (CTAS) testing at PAX River total field, 1.1 GHz AR Model FL7040 2MHz-40GHz V/m Fiber/laser accessed Commercially Available 3-axis EO probe (V/m) y = 0.762x axis AR probe (V/m) CTAS: Tested 1kHz-12GHz (theory Ku-Band), non-intrusive, 1V/m-2MV/m CW, prototype Admiral Approved: CTAS Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 11

12 Integrated Electro-Magneto-optic Sensor (IEMS) Four Axis PAX Scope View NRL is Provider 4-Axis EO/MO probe Field Tested at PAX River Can be Four Singles or 3-Axis EO 1-Axis MO Prototype Retained by NRL Awaiting Classified Test Lasers being used for Rail Gun Sensing at NRL Prototype to PAX River on Conclusion of Rail Gun Project 1.3 GHz Source Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 12

13 Expanding the State-of-Art Crystal EO material have several disadvantages Fixed Sensitivity (by crystals used) Although different axes can have different sensitivity Refractive Index issues causes insertion loses with FO used to access crystal Hard to work with really small crystals Tailored polymers with created EO properties may be the solution Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 13

14 Crystal EO vs. Polymer EO Crystals have fixed sensitivity and insertion loses EO effect and insertion loses can be tailored in polymer EO materials Lowest Polymer DET S&T (Univ Washington) 120 pm/v RI 1.8 Crystal Chemical Formula Refractive Index Sensitivity r ij pm/v Comment Lithium Niobate LiNbO r 33 = 30.8 Stable, Uniform properties, commercial available Lithium Tantalate KTP Potassium Titanium Oxide Phosphate KD*P Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate Lithium Niobate (longitudinal mode) LiTaO r 33 = 30.4 Stable, Uniform properties, commercial available KTiOPO r 33 = 35 Initially used proof Slab Coupled Optical Sensor Technology KD 2 PO r 63 = 24 commercial available, fragile LiNbO r 33 = 7 SBN-75 Strontium Barium Niobate SBN-60 Strontium Barium Niobate Sr 0.25 Ba 0.75 Nb 6O r 33 = 1400 High incoherence. Photorefractive, poor uniformity Sr 0.4 Ba 0.6 Nb 2 O r 33 = 235 High incoherence. Photorefractive, poor uniformity DAST 2.7 or 1.9 r 11 = 78 Hydrophilic, unstable Garzarella, et.al., Non-perturbative, 3-axis electric field Measurements using fiber attached electro-optic sensors Progress in Electromagnetic Research, Cambridge, MA, July 2008 Zinc Telluride ZnTe 2.73 r 41 = 5.5 Highly inhomogeneous Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 14

15 Dielectric Electromagnetic Field Probes (DEFP) E π = λ / (2 n 3 r eff L ) S&T Project Conclusion Technology works well Polymer used not sensitive enough Laser at 1130 nm required Expensive Significant insertion loses Stress and thermal effects can be addressed Some temporal stability issues Max-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) EO Polymer One MZI Probe DEFP 4-Probe Sensor Optical Engine IPITEK is Provider 4-Axis single axis EO MZ probes Field Tested at WSMR Uses old communications Lasers- Fibers-Optical receivers Laser 1130 nm Brass board fibers not range capable No DEFP transition planned Available to laboratory Proof-of-concept Similar probe crystal based probe commercially available: SIRCO, Dayton, OH Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 15

16 Slab Coupled Optical Sensor Technology Used in APOS Project Crystal and Polymer Slab Coupled Optical Sensor (SCOC) Intended for electronics boards in single axis format Brigham Young University Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 16

17 Advanced Polymer Optical Sensors (APOS) Signal (V) Signal (V) Ch1_Ch1 Time (s) Ch1_Ch1 Time (s) -3.00E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E- IPITEK/BYU is Provider 3-Axis Very Small EO Probe 3-Axis Small MO Probe Single Fiber Access Modern Communication Lasers Laser 1550 nm Brass Board Field Tested WSMR Transitioned WSMR Prototype Polymer EO probes, Field Tested 100MHz-12GHz, Uses Slab Coupled Optical Sensor Technology (BYU) Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 17

18 Future E-Field Non-Intrusive Sensor Calibration Effort Every measurement used for official Government data should be from National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable Our non-intrusive probes are currently not NIST traceable and therefor can not be directly Calibrated Probes can be used for specific purposes if compared to probes that are NIST traceable (ANSI Std ) A time consuming process To gain acceptance our prototypes need be directly NIST traceable DET S&T are working on that initially to support sensors used in the Navy Air Force HIJENKS effort Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 18

19 Electro-Optical Sensor Technology (EOST) NIST Testing Initial LiNO 3 single axis sensor NRL is Developer Single Access EO Transmission Sensor (Pockel Effect) First DET S&T sensor project Field Tested at Dahlgren Started as LiNbO 3 changed to KD*P greater sensitivity Validated at NIST Uncertain where Prototype went PAX River has one NRL HPM has one NIST Tested 1 MHz to 10 GHz Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 19

20 DET S&T not the only source for non-intrusive E-field probes Srico - Photonic Electric Field Sensor System Model Agiltron Fiberoptic Electric Field Sensor Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 20

21 Current Status Special sensors are required to observe the high peak fields and short pulses of HPM weapons in a variety of applications Conventional sensors capable of this feat are very intrusive and may interfere with target response also expensive The DET S&T program has developed advanced sensors using optics capable of sensing these fields without intrusion (<5%) One version of our E-field sensor was tested by NIST Most, but not all prototypes are promised to specific ranges, but have already been used at other ranges DET S&T seeking approach(s) to ruggedize and calibrate optical sensors and bring them into general use on the test ranges Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 21

22 Any Questions? Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited 22