Photonic time-stretching of 102 GHz millimeter waves using 1.55 µm nonlinear optic polymer EO modulators

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1 Photonic time-stretching of 10 GHz millimeter waves using 1.55 µm nonlinear optic polymer EO modulators H. Erlig Pacific Wave Industries H. R. Fetterman and D. Chang University of California Los Angeles M. Oh, C. Zhang, W. H. Steier, and L. R. Dalton University of Southern California

2 Outline Time-stretch concept Experimental description Polymer modulator Data and data analysis Dispersion penalty & SSB modulation Conclusions

3 Time-Stretching Concept Stretched Modulated Optical Pulse Broadband Femtosecond Source L 1, D λ Applied RF Signal, 50 GHz L, D λ Time Detected RF Signal, 10 GHz Mach-Zehnder Modulator Optical Amplifier Photodetector Time Optical Pulse Time Domain Time Optical Pulse After Modulator

4 Time-Stretching - Intensity I ( t) f ( t) πf cos M m t cos π '' β L M f m Pulse Envelope Time-Stretched Waveform Dispersion Penalty, Leads to amplitude attenuation L = Stretch Ratio L1 M 1+

5 Experimental Arrangement Modelocked 1.55um Laser ND-Filter + Adj. Attenuator optic Fiber Spool L EDFA optic optic Fiber Spool L1 MM-Wave Source Polymer Modulator Photodetector 8-1GHz 3dB Amp Spectrum Analyzer Sampling Scope

6 Polymer Modulator PC/CLD polymer traveling wave modulators Optical network analyzer: 1 db down at 0 GHz compared to GHz Modeled effects: velocity mismatch and electrical loss V π ~ 7 V, 1.3 cm interaction length W-band response relatively flat 3 Measured and Calculated Optical Response 0 Optical Response (db) Measured Optical Response Calculated Optical Response Frequency (GHz) Relative Response (db) Frequency (GHz)

7 Transmission Through Modulator Light Influence Of Modulator 5 On Optical Spectrum After Modulator Before Modulator 0.8 Normalized Intensity Mach-Zehnders used with broadband femtosecond source Modulators reshape 50 nm spectrum Different modulators on chip introduce different amount of spectral reshaping Slight optical path mismatch Highly chirp pulses key Effect also observed in LiNbO 3 modulators Normalized Intensity Wavelength (nm) Influence Of Modulator 3 On Optical Spectrum After Modulator Before Modulator Wavelength (nm)

8 Pulse Shape After System Two interfering highly chirped optical pulses I ( t) exp cos ( '' β L T ) 1 t 0 δz b t c For system parameters and period of 1.5 ns Calculated effective optical path mismatch of 100 µm Calculated effective index mismatch 0.005

9 33 To 50 GHz Time-Stretched Signals Sweep oscillator L 1 =1.5 Km L =4.5 Km Measured Meff 3.86

10 61.8 GHz Time-Stretched Signal Source GUNN diode at 61.8 GHz L 1 =1.5 Km L =6.5 Km Measured Meff 5.13 PSD shape not significantly changed

11 101.7 GHz Time-Stretched Signal Source Klystron at GHz L 1 =0.5 Km L =5.0 Km Measured Meff 9.8 Change in input pulse chirp Drop in signal level

12 Stretch Ratios Discrepancies between calculated M and measured Meff Need to account for dispersive elements ahead of first fiber spool such as 50m fiber patch cord Then: Meff L = 1+ L + δ 1 where δ has length units and represents dispersion equivalent to that length of fiber Solutions for δ are correct in magnitude and self-consistent: f (GHz) L1 (Km) L (Km) M Meff d (m)

13 Dispersion Penalty cos π '' β L M f m Sidebands slip out of phase in L due to group velocity dispersion Result: dispersion penalty (Coppinger et. al.) Tradeoff: M vs. aperture time vs. bandwidth. Practical limit for A/D preprocessing: must stay in 1st lobe Modulator operation exceeds this limit in our experiment

14 SSB Modulation Mach-Zehnder Driven To Produce Single Side Band V(t) = V m sin ωt Optical Spectrum At Output Of Modulator Amplitude Optical Field, Frequency Ω V(t) = V m cosωt + V Γ V Γ chosen to produce additional π/ optical phase shift Ω Ω+ω Frequency I ( t) 1 M exp t ( Mτ) J J 1 0 ( ) '' ( ) ω β L π cos m t + ωm + M M 4 Amplitude limitation imposed by dispersion penalty removed

15 Conclusions Demonstrated time-stretching of 10 GHz signal Enabled by broadband 1.55 µm polymer modulator Modulator performance spans useful bandwidth range determined by dispersion penalty Importance of optical path length mismatch observed Single-Sideband Modulator removes high-frequency attenuation

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