PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
|
|
- Dwain Snow
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER The Project has been realised with the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund *** **Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex fejlesztése konzorciumi keretben ***A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósul meg TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
2 Peter Pazmany Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS (Elektronikai alapmérések) Positioning systems Helymeghatározó rendszerek Dr. Oláh András TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
3 About the decibel Lecture 4 review Description signal in transform domain (Fourier and Laplace transformation) The bandwidth of signal Analog-to-Digital Conversation Tha noise TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
4 Outline Principle of positioning Satellite based positioning system (GPS) Other satellite based positioning systems Feature of GPS The coordinate systems The time systems Applciations of GPS The NMEA Protocol Real Time Positioning Systems TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
5 Abbreviations GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems GPS Global Positioning System (USA) NAVSTAR-GPS NAVigation System with Timing And Ranging GPS SPS Standard Positioning System (in commercial use) PPS Precise Positioning System (in military use) A-GPS Assisted GPS GPS supperted by terestrial mobile cellular wireless communication systems TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
6 Basic concepts of positioning Passive one-way measurement: points A and B have independent but shyncronized clock. We know the time when we send a message. The receiver uses this message it receives to determine the transit time of message and computes the distance to transmitter. cδt A B B (transmitter) (receiver) cδt Where: Δt transit time (from A to B) c speed of light δt clock error AB= cδt AB = cδt+cδt (real distance) (pseudorange with clock error) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
7 Positioning based on time measurements Active measurements: A (transmitter) Δt =2 Δt AB= ½cΔt B (receiver) There is not clock failure effect! Why not use? The number of users is limited! TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
8 TÁMOP /2/A/KMR Principle of positioning Electrical measurements: Positioning systems p 1 p 2 p 3 x A y A x 1 y 1 x 2 y 2 x 3 y ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( y y x x p y y x x p y y x x p A A A A A A + = + = + = 3 equations, 2 variables, 1 redundant meaurement? pseudo distant AB= cδt
9 TÁMOP /2/A/KMR Principle of positioning taking into account clock failure Electrical measurements: Positioning systems p 1 p 2 p 3 x A y A x 1 y 1 x 2 y 2 x 3 y 3 t c y y x x p t c y y x x p t c y y x x p A A A A A A δ δ δ + + = + + = + + = ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 3 equations, 3 unknown variables!
10 Satellite based positioning system: GPS The GPS is a space-based GNSS that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites (as reference points). Details of coordinate systems: cartesian, geographic, topocentric, inertial. Details of time systems: universal time, coordinated universal time, GPS time. Signals are encoded using code division multiple access (CDMA) allowing messages from individual satellites to be distinguished from each other based on unique encodings for each satellite (that the receiver must be aware of). Common uses of GPS (eg. military, automobile, marine, lans sea and air navigation and tracking) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
11 Satellite based positioning system: GPS (cont ) GPS uses satellites as reference points to calculate accurate positions. Consists of 24 GPS satellites in medium Earth orbit (The region of space between 2000km and 35,786 km) Each satellite orbits the earth every 12 hours (2 complete rotations every day). Constellation design: at least 4 satellites in view from any location at any time to allow navigation (solution for 3 position + 1 station clock unknowns) p p 3 p 2 1 p TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
12 Pseudoranges Trilateration p = ( x x ) + ( y y ) + ( z z ) + cδ t A 1 A 1 A 1 p = ( x x ) + ( y y ) + ( z z ) + cδ t A 2 A 2 A 2 p = ( x x ) + ( y y ) + ( z z ) + cδ t A 3 A 3 A 3 p = ( x x ) + ( y y ) + ( z z ) + cδ t A 4 A 4 A 4 Clock errors Remark: Trilateration is used to determine the position based on three satellite's pseudoranges. Using more than four is an over-determined system of equations with no unique solution, which must be solved by least-squares or a similar technique: ( ) T 1 T 1 where Q y = σ 2 y Δ xˆ = A Q A A Q Δyˆ y I is the coveriance matrix of the measured codedistance. x TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
13 Available satellite based positioning systems PS was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in While originally a military project, GPS is considered a dualuse technology, meaning it has significant military and civilian applications. Characterized by continuous development and modernization. There are alternative and complement GNSS systems: TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
14 GPS system The navigational signals transmitted by GPS satellites encode a variety of information including satellite positions, the state of the internal clocks, and the health of the network. The location is expressed in a specific coordinate system (World Geodetic System, WGS84) The GPS consists of 3 main segments: Space Segment: the constellation of satellites Control Segment: operation and monitoring of the GPS System User Segment: all GPS receivers and processing software's We might add a 4th segment. Ground Segment: permanent civilian networks of reference sites, associated analyses and archives (e.g. IGS) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
15 GPS space segment 24+ satellites Satellites equally distributed in 6 orbiting planes around the Earth 55 degree inclination km above Earth GPS satellites repeat their ground tracks after: 1 sidereal day = 23 h 56 min = 2 orbital periods. The same geometry is reached 4 minutes earlier every day. 5 hours view in horizon Constellation design: at least 4 satellites in view from any location at any time to allow navigation (solution for 3 position + 1 station clock unknowns) Each GPS satellites then transmit signals to the GPS receivers. These signals indicates satellite s location and the current time. Each GPS satellite has special clocks to provide very accurate time reference (atomic clocks) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
16 GPS satellites TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
17 GPS dedicated monitor stations (Control segment) Hawaii Colorado Springs Ascension Diego Garcia Kwajalein TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
18 GPS user segment All GPS receivers on land, on sea, in the air and in space. GPS receivers are generally composed of an antenna, tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the GPS satellites. Knowing the distance from at least 4 GPS satellites, the GPS receiver can calculate their position in ground or in air (for aircraft). GPS also can tell you What direction you are heading How fast you are going Your altitude A map to help you arrive at a destination How far you have traveled How long you have been traveling Estimated time of arrival TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
19 GPS history the first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched (1978). the first modern Block-II satellite was launched (1989) GPS achieved initial operational capability (IOC), indicating a full constellation (24 satellites) was available and providing the SPS. 3 channel receivers, 10 min. setup time, and the receivers were 5 times expensive than today channel receivers, sec. setup time improving the precision of civilian GPS from 300 meters to 20 meters 2005 first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal (L2C) for enhanced user performance GPS Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX) to improve accuracy and availability of GPS navigation signals, and serve as a critical part of GPS modernization TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
20 The european brother Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) currently being built by the European Union (EU) and European Space Agency (ESA). The 3.4 billion project is an alternative and a complement to the U.S. NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian GLONASS. On 30 November 2007 the 27 EU transportation ministers involved reached an agreement that it should be operational by 2013, but later press releases suggest it was delayed to The political aim is to provide an independent positioning system upon which European nations can rely even in times of war or political disagreement, since the USA could disable use of their national system by others (through encryption) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
21 Galileo and GPS One of the reasons given for developing Galileo as an independent system was that GPS is widely used worldwide for civilian applications, which until 2000 had universal Selective Availability (SA) enabled (and still bears the possibility of being reenabled). This could intentionally render the locations given via GPS inaccurate. Galileo's proponents argued that civil infrastructure, including aeroplane navigation and landing, should not rely solely upon GPS. As old satellites are replaced in the GPS modernization program, SA will cease to exist. The modernization programme also contains standardized features that allow GPS III and Galileo systems to inter-operate, allowing a new receiver to utilise both systems to improve precision. By combining GPS and Galileo, it can create an even more precise GNSS system TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
22 GPS signals The frequency of atomic clocks on satellite: 10,23 MHz Carrier frequency: L1: f1 = ,23MHz = 1575,42MHz λ1 = 19,05cm L2 : f = ,23MHz = 1227,60MHz λ = 24,45cm 2 2 The modulation: Amplitude P-code W-code Data code, 50 bit/s ( ) = 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 ) + 1 ( ) ( ) ( 1 ) () = () () () ( ) L1 t a P t W t D t cos ft ac t D t sin ft L2 t a P t W t D t cos f t 2 2 C/A-code TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
23 GPS signals Bits encoded on carrier by phase modulation: C/A-code (Clear Access / Coarse Acquisition): MHz (λ =300 m ), 10.23/10 P-code (Protected / Precise): MHz (λ = 30 m ) at fundamental frequency Navigation Message: (system time, Broadcast orbits, satellite clock corrections, almanacs, ionospheric information, etc.), 50 bps on both L1 and L2 The C/A code is a 1,023 bit deterministic sequence called pseudorandom noise (PRN). Each satellite transmits a unique PRN code, which does not correlate well with any other satellite's PRN code. The P-code is also a PRN but longer than C/A. The extreme length of the P-code increases its correlation gain TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
24 GPS codes C/A-code (Clear Acquisition): Code length: 1023 bit accuracy: 3m P-code (Protected): code length: 2,36*10 14 bit accuracy: 0,3m TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
25 BPSK modulation technique cycle Carrier wave PRN code (modulation) Modulated wave TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
26 Error sources in GPS Sources Type C/A-code P-code Satellite Clock error Orbit error other Control stations Satellite track error other Remark: this applies the pseudorange. Propagation Ionosphere Troposphere Multipath Receiver Mérési zaj Other Total effect (σ) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
27 Receiver clock errors Receivers use inexpensive quartz crystal source. The reason is to keep the receiver costs to an affordable level. The receiver clock error is larger than the satellite clock errors. An error of 1 micro second ( seconds) causes a range error of about 300 metres. If the receiver clock is in error, the error will affect all the measurements to all satellites. The receiver clock error is identical for all satellites observed simultaneously. To determine the 3D position, three unbiased satellites measurements are required. To account for the receiver clock error, an additional satellite is observed TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
28 Cartesian coordinate system: Coordinate systems It rotates together with the Earth geocentric The coordinate origin is the Earth's center of mass the x-, y-, and z-axes in a right-handed system. The SI unit is meter. Z-axis pointing to the reference pole X-axis is on the meridian plane r X A = Y A Z A TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
29 Coordinate systems (cont ) Spherical coordinate system: The spherical coordinates of a point A are then defined as follows: the radius or radial distance is the Euclidean distance from the origin O to A. the inclination (or polar angle) is the angle between the zenith direction and the line segment OA. the azimuth (or azimuthal angle) is the signed angle measured from the azimuth reference direction to the orthogonal projection of the line segment OA on the reference plane. A = ( ϕ, λ, h) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
30 Coordinate systems (cont ) Latitude and Longitude are spherical coordinates on the surface of the earth. Latitude is measured North or South of the Equator. Longitude is measured East or West of Greenwich. GPS uses Latitudes and Longitudes to reference locations TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
31 Coordinate transformation It is a conversion from one system to another : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) X = N + h cosϕ cosλ R+ h cosϕcosλ Y = N + h cosϕ sin λ R+ h cosϕsin λ (( 2 ) ) ϕ ( ) Z = 1 e N + h sin R+ h sinϕ where N, R, e characterizes the elipsoid TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
32 Coordinate systems: WGS84 World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984: The coordinate origin is meant to be located at the Earth's center of mass. the meridian of zero longitude is the IERS Reference Meridian. Z tengelye egybeesik a Föld forgástengelyének évi középhelyzetével XY síkja a forgástengelyre merőlegesen a tömegközépponton átmenő sík the X-, Y-, and Z-axes in a right-handed system. Current geodetic realizations of the geocentric reference system family International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) maintained by the IERS are geocentric, and internally consistent, at the few-cm level, while still being metre-level consistent with WGS TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
33 Universal Time(s) Greenwich Apparent Sidereal Time: is the hour angle of the vernal equinox at the prime meridian at Greenwich, England. Universal Time (UT1): conceptually it is mean solar time at 0 longitude (precise measurements of the Sun are difficult). Greenwich Mean Time (GMT): a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time: a time-keeping system astronomers use tokeeptrackofthedirectiontopointtheirtelescopestoviewagivenstarin the night sky Universal Time Coordinated (UTC): an atomic timescale that approximates UT1. It is the international standard on which civil time is based. InternationalAtomicTime(TAI):s a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
34 Universal Time(s) ( ) UT1= GMST α T 12 h 2 3 ( T ) a bt ct dt α = u u u Due to avarage Right ascension and precession TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
35 Universal Time(s) január 6: GPS time was set to match Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in 1980, but has since diverged GPST = WN + TOW WN (Week Number): is transmitted as a ten-bit field in the C/A and P(Y) navigation messages TOW (Time Of Week) or seconds-into-week number The difference is that GPS time is not corrected to match the rotation of the Earth, so it does not contain leap seconds or other corrections that are periodically added to UTC. The difference between GPS time and UTC, which as of 2011 is 15 seconds because of the leap second added to UTC December 31, TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
36 Applications Military. Search and rescue. Disaster relief. Surveying. Marine, aeronautical and terrestrial navigation. Remote controlled vehicle and robot guidance. Satellite positioning and tracking. Shipping. Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Recreation. Location of inventory or permanent plots. Mapping roads, trails, streams. Mapping wildlife nest or observation locations TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
37 NMEA protocol National Marine Education Association It is a combined electrical and data specification for communication between marine electronic devices such as echo sounder, sonars, anemometer, gyrocompass, autopilot, GPS receivers and many other types of instruments. It has been defined by, and is controlled by, the U.S.-based National Marine Electronics Association. The NMEA standard uses a simple ASCII, serial communications protocol that defines how data is transmitted in a "sentence" from one "talker" to multiple "listeners" at a time. Through the use of intermediate expanders, a talker can have a unidirectional conversation with a nearly unlimited number of listeners, and using multiplexers, multiple sensors can talk to a single computer port. Most GPS manufacturers include special messages in addition to the standard NMEA set in their products for maintenance and diagnostics purposes. These extended messages are not standardized at all and are normally different from vendor to vendor TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
38 NMEA grammer Each message's starting character is a dollar sign. The next five characters identify the talker (two characters) and the type of message (three characters). All data fields that follow are comma-delimited. The first character that immediately follows the last data field character is an asterisk, but it is only included if a checksum is supplied. The asterisk is immediately followed by a two-digit checksum representing a hexadecimal number. The checksum is the exclusive OR of all characters between the $ and *. According to the official specification, the checksum is optional for most data sentences, but is compulsory for RMA, RMB, and RMC (among others). <CR><LF> ends the message TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
39 NMEA example Sentence $GPGGA Description Global positioning system fixed data $GPGLL Geographic position - latitude / longitude $GPGSA GNSS DOP and active satellites $GPGSV GNSS satellites in view $GPRMC Recommended minimum specific GNSS data $GPVTG Course over ground and ground speed TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
40 $GPGGA Sentence (Fix data) Field Example Comments Sentence ID $GPGGA UTC Time hhmmss.sss Latitude ddmm.mmmm N/S Indicator S N = North, S = South Longitude dddmm.mmmm E/W Indicator E E = East, W = West Position Fix 1 0 = Invalid, 1 = Valid SPS, 2 = Valid DGPS, 3 = Valid PPS Satellites Used 04 Satellites being used (0-12) HDOP 24.4 Horizontal dilution of precision Altitude 19.7 Altitude in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid Altitude Units M M = Meters Geoid Seperation Geoid seperation in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid Seperation Units M = Meters DGPS Age Age of DGPS data in seconds DGPS Station ID 0000 Checksum *1F TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
41 VisualGPS It is a NMEA 0183 GPS compliant software TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
42 VisualGPS plots TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
43 Real Time Location Systems The wireless devices are becoming more and more integrated into our daily lives. Wireless devices are becoming more context aware: a system is context aware if it uses contexts to provide relevant information and services (time, location, temperature, speed, orientation, biometrics, audio/video recordings, etc.) to the user, where relevancy depends on the user s tasks. Between these variables that define a context, location is probably the most important inputs that define a specific situation. Localization serves as an enabling technology (Real Time Location Systems) that makes numerous context-aware services and applications possible (Location Based Services).
44 Taxonomy of location systems Signaling scheme Infrared signal (inexpensive, low power; it is susceptible against sunlight; it cannot penetrate through obstructions ) Optical signal (LoS, low power, it is affected by sunlight, it provides high accuracies in the short ranges (10m)) Ultrahang jelek (high accuracies in the short range, inexpensive in LoS conditions, power hungry) Radio frequency (most commonly used, it can penetrate through obstacles and can propagate to long distances.) UWB, CDMA, OFDM, etc. Cellular systems, WLAN, WPAN, RFID, WSN Location estimation unit handset-based (self-positioning, eg.: GPS) network-based (remote-positioning, eg.: WSN) Indoor versus outdoor localization
45 Why is localization important? Very fundamental component for many other services GPS does not work everywhere Smart Systems devices need to know where they are Geographic routing & coverage problems People and asset tracking Electrical measurements: Positioning systems Need spatial reference when monitoring spatial phenomena In many applications we are interested in identifying the exact location: Where something has happened? Where is an Object?
46 Taxonomy of location systems (cont ) Localization type: Active Localization: system sends signals to localize target. Cooperative Localization: the target cooperates with the system. Passive Localization: system deduces location from observation of signals that are already present. Blind Localization: system deduces location of target without a priori knowledge of its characteristics. Centralized versus distributed Software-based versus hardware-based Relative coordinate versus absolute coordinate Based on performance accuracy vs. precision, calibration, cost, energy consumption, sensitivity, self organization capability, delay, datarate, etc.
47 Taxonomy of location systems (cont ) Position-related parameters: received signal strength (RSS) P(d)=P 0 10nlog10(d/d 0 ) angle of arrival (AOA) r i (t)=αs(t τ i )+ n i (t) τ i d/c +(l i sin ψ)/c, ahol l i = l(n a + 1)/2 i) time-of-arrival (TOA) correlation based, synchronization is needed time difference of arrival (TDOA)
48 Localization algorithm Cell ID localization (the nearest reference node) Geometrical methods Triangulation (at least three nodes) Trilateration (in 2D at least three node, in 3Dat least four nodes) Multilateration Statistical methods Fingerprint based or pattern-matching
49 Computation models Each approach may be appropriate for a different application Centralized approaches require routing and leader election Fully distributed approach does not have this requirement
50 Core apps. Military Civil Accuracy requirements Applications Range Accuracy Sports tracking (NASCAR, horse races, soccer) 150m 10-30cm Cargo tracking at large depots 300m 300cm Children in large amusement parks 300m 300cm Animal tracking 300m 150cm Military training facilities 300m 30cm Military search and rescue: lost pilot, man overboard, coast guard rescue operations 300m 300cm Tracking guards and prisoners 300m 30cm Aircraft landing systems 300m 30cm Tracking firefighters and emergency responders 300m 30cm Supermarket carts 150m 30cm
51 Measurements technologies Available Technologies: Bluetooth, Cellular, Satellite, Television, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Ultra Wide Band, RFID, Infrared, Ultrasound, Laser Ultrasonic ToA Common frequencies 25 40KHz, range few meters (or tens of meters), avg. case accuracy ~ 2-5 cm, lobe-shaped beam angle in most of the cases Wideband ultrasonic transducers also available, mostly in prototype phases Acoustic ToA Range tens of meters, accuracy =10cm RF ToA Ubinet UWB claims = ~ 6 inches Acoustic AoA Average accuracy = ~ 5 degrees (e.g acoustic beamformer, MIT Cricket) RSSI based localization WSN: Accuracy = 2-3 m, Range = ~ 10m : Accuracy = ~3m
52 Challenges in WSN Physical layer imposes measurement challenges Multipath, shadowing, sensor imperfections, changes in propagation properties (RSSI based localization) Extensive computation aspects Many formulations of localization problems, how do we solve this optimization problem? We have to solve the problem on a memory constrained processor. How do we solve the problem in a distributed manner? Networking and coordination issues We are using it for routing [ see Chapter 9], it means we have routing support to solve the problem! System Integration issues How do you build a whole system for localization? How do you integrate location services with other applications?
53 Available localization systems Technology Location method Accuracy Remarks GPS ToA satellite based 1-5m Expensive, Not works indoors Ekahau (WLAN) Microsoft RADAR LOKI (WLAN) RSS-based pattern matching RSS-based pattern matching Closest AP 1m 3-4m cell size Ubisense TDOA and AOA 30cm Indoor GPS AOA 1mm No extra cost over existing wireless LAN structure, extensive utilities Scalability problems, no extra cost over existing wireless LAN structure Installed as a free software. Used for locating the closest restaurant Maximum tag-sensor distances greater than 50m Laser positioning system for indoors. Transmission range expandable from 2 to 300 m.
54 Available localization systems: WSN Technology Location method Accuracy Remarks Active Badges Infra-red-based proximity of wearable badges to predeployed sensors Room-size Installation costs, cheap tags and sensors, sunlight and fluorescent interference, Active Bats Ultrasound ToA 9cm Ceiling sensor installation costs Cricket SpotON RSS and ultrasoundbased localization RSS-based ad-hoc localization 1m Depends on cluster size $10 beacons and receivers, installation costs $30 per tag, inaccuracy of RSS metric
55 Tracking in WSN Tracking mobile targets involves finding out the location of mobile targets based on wireless sensor nodes with known positions (tracing the path). Given the locations of the nodes and accurate range information to the target, it is straightforward to determine the target's position. Traditional tracking applications tend to be split into two separate phases: Localization phase: the network is localized using a specialized algorithm. Tracking phase: after localization completes, target positions are estimated based on the discovered sensor positions.
56 GSM based positioning systems TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
57 Summary Location is probably the most important inputs of context aware systems. Common characteristic of numerous location system: each of them is wireless system. Network-based services that integrate a derived estimate of a mobile device s location or position with other information so as to provide added value to the user. Most location-based services will include two major actions: (1) Obtaining the location of a user, and (2) Utilizing this information to provide a service. The accuracy and precision requirements of location-based applications are highly dependent on the application characteristics. There are numerous localization technologies currently available which have different ranges, accuracy levels, costs, and complexities. Next lecture: Theoretical approach to networks and systems TÁMOP /2/A/KMR
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationt =1 Transmitter #2 Figure 1-1 One Way Ranging Schematic
1.0 Introduction OpenSource GPS is open source software that runs a GPS receiver based on the Zarlink GP2015 / GP2021 front end and digital processing chipset. It is a fully functional GPS receiver which
More informationGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS. Knowing where and when
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS Knowing where and when Overview Continuous position fixes Worldwide coverage Latitude/Longitude/Height Centimeter accuracy Accurate time Feasibility studies begun in 1960 s.
More informationGLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS (GNSS) ECE 2526E Tuesday, 24 April 2018
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS (GNSS) ECE 2526E Tuesday, 24 April 2018 MAJOR GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) includes: 1. Global Position System
More informationIntroduction to the Global Positioning System
GPS for Fire Management - 2004 Introduction to the Global Positioning System Pre-Work Pre-Work Objectives Describe at least three sources of GPS signal error, and identify ways to mitigate or reduce those
More informationMOBILE COMPUTING 1/28/18. Location, Location, Location. Overview. CSE 40814/60814 Spring 2018
MOBILE COMPUTING CSE 40814/60814 Spring 018 Location, Location, Location Location information adds context to activity: location of sensed events in the physical world location-aware services location
More informationFieldGenius Technical Notes GPS Terminology
FieldGenius Technical Notes GPS Terminology Almanac A set of Keplerian orbital parameters which allow the satellite positions to be predicted into the future. Ambiguity An integer value of the number of
More informationGPS and Recent Alternatives for Localisation. Dr. Thierry Peynot Australian Centre for Field Robotics The University of Sydney
GPS and Recent Alternatives for Localisation Dr. Thierry Peynot Australian Centre for Field Robotics The University of Sydney Global Positioning System (GPS) All-weather and continuous signal system designed
More informationIntroduction to NAVSTAR GPS
Introduction to NAVSTAR GPS Charlie Leonard, 1999 (revised 2001, 2002) The History of GPS Feasibility studies begun in 1960 s. Pentagon appropriates funding in 1973. First satellite launched in 1978. System
More informationIntroduction to the Global Positioning System
GPS for ICS - 2003 Introduction to the Global Positioning System Pre-Work Pre-Work Objectives Describe at least three sources of GPS signal error, and ways to mitigate or reduce those errors. Identify
More informationMobile Positioning in Wireless Mobile Networks
Mobile Positioning in Wireless Mobile Networks Peter Brída Department of Telecommunications and Multimedia Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Žilina SLOVAKIA Outline Why Mobile Positioning?
More informationLocalization. of mobile devices. Seminar: Mobile Computing. IFW C42 Tuesday, 29th May 2001 Roger Zimmermann
Localization of mobile devices Seminar: Mobile Computing IFW C42 Tuesday, 29th May 2001 Roger Zimmermann Overview Introduction Why Technologies Absolute Positioning Relative Positioning Selected Systems
More informationGPS: The Basics. Darrell R. Dean, Jr. Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia University. Expected Learning Outcomes for GPS
GPS: The Basics Darrell R. Dean, Jr. Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia University Expected Learning Outcomes for GPS Explain the acronym GPS Name 3 important tdt dates in history of GPS
More informationPETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationGPS (Introduction) References. Terms
GPS (Introduction) WCOM2, GPS, 1 Terms NAVSTAR GPS ( Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging - Global Positioning System) is a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), developed by the US-DoD in 197x
More informationGNSS: orbits, signals, and methods
Part I GNSS: orbits, signals, and methods 1 GNSS ground and space segments Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) at the time of writing comprise four systems, two of which are fully operational and
More informationThe Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System 5-1 US GPS Facts of Note DoD navigation system First launch on 22 Feb 1978, fully operational in 1994 ~$15 billion (?) invested to date 24 (+/-) Earth-orbiting satellites
More informationBasics of Satellite Navigation an Elementary Introduction Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof Graz, University of Technology, Austria
Basics of Satellite Navigation an Elementary Introduction Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof Graz, University of Technology, Austria CONCEPT OF GPS Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof Graz, University
More informationGPS Milestones, cont. GPS Milestones. The Global Positioning Sytem, Part 1 10/10/2017. M. Helper, GEO 327G/386G, UT Austin 1. US GPS Facts of Note
The Global Positioning System US GPS Facts of Note DoD navigation system First launch on 22 Feb 1978, fully operational in 1994 ~$15 billion (?) invested to date 24 (+/-) Earth-orbiting satellites (SVs)
More informationTEST YOUR SATELLITE NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ON YOUR ANDROID DEVICE GLOSSARY
TEST YOUR SATELLITE NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ON YOUR ANDROID DEVICE GLOSSARY THE GLOSSARY This glossary aims to clarify and explain the acronyms used in GNSS and satellite navigation performance testing
More informationGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)Part I EE 570: Location and Navigation
Lecture Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)Part I EE 570: Location and Navigation Lecture Notes Update on April 25, 2016 Aly El-Osery and Kevin Wedeward, Electrical Engineering Dept., New Mexico
More informationWireless Localization Techniques CS441
Wireless Localization Techniques CS441 Variety of Applications Two applications: Passive habitat monitoring: Where is the bird? What kind of bird is it? Asset tracking: Where is the projector? Why is it
More informationResection. We can measure direction in the real world! Lecture 10: Position Determination. Resection Example: Isola, Slovenia. Professor Keith Clarke
Geography 12: Maps and Spatial Reasoning Lecture 10: Position Determination We can measure direction in the real world! Professor Keith Clarke Resection Resection Example: Isola, Slovenia Back azimuth
More informationGPS (Introduction) References. Terms
GPS (Introduction) MSE, Rumc, GPS, 1 Terms NAVSTAR GPS ( Navigational Satellite Timing and Ranging - Global Positioning System) is a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), developed by the US-DoD in
More informationUnderstanding GPS: Principles and Applications Second Edition
Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications Second Edition Elliott Kaplan and Christopher Hegarty ISBN 1-58053-894-0 Approx. 680 pages Navtech Part #1024 This thoroughly updated second edition of an
More informationGLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS GPS & GIS Fall 2017 Global Positioning Systems GPS is a general term for the navigation system consisting of 24-32 satellites orbiting the Earth, broadcasting data that allows
More informationUsing GPS in Embedded Applications Pascal Stang Stanford University - EE281 November 28, 2000
Using GPS in Embedded Applications Pascal Stang Stanford University - EE281 INTRODUCTION Brief history of GPS Transit System NavStar (what we now call GPS) Started development in 1973 First four satellites
More information2 INTRODUCTION TO GNSS REFLECTOMERY
2 INTRODUCTION TO GNSS REFLECTOMERY 2.1 Introduction The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals reflected by the sea surface for altimetry applications was first suggested by Martín-Neira
More informationLecture-1 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO GPS
Lecture-1 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO GPS 2.1 History of GPS GPS is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). It is the commonly used acronym of NAVSTAR (NAVigation System with Time And Ranging) GPS (Global
More informationWhat is a GPS How does GPS work? GPS Segments GPS P osition Position Position Accuracy Accuracy Accuracy GPS A pplications Applications Applications
What is GPS? What is a GPS How does GPS work? GPS Segments GPS Position Accuracy GPS Applications What is GPS? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a precise worldwide radio-navigation system, and consists
More informationProceedings of Al-Azhar Engineering 7 th International Conference Cairo, April 7-10, 2003.
Proceedings of Al-Azhar Engineering 7 th International Conference Cairo, April 7-10, 2003. MODERNIZATION PLAN OF GPS IN 21 st CENTURY AND ITS IMPACTS ON SURVEYING APPLICATIONS G. M. Dawod Survey Research
More informationEM-401. GPS ENGINE BOARD with Active Antenna PRODUCT GUIDE. Globalsat Technology Corporation (Taiwan)
EM-401 GPS ENGINE BOARD with Active Antenna PRODUCT GUIDE Globalsat Technology Corporation (Taiwan) www.globalsat.com.tw USGlobalSat, Inc. (USA) www.usglobalsat.com Page 1 of 1 EM-401 GPS BOARD with Active
More informationLOCALIZATION WITH GPS UNAVAILABLE
LOCALIZATION WITH GPS UNAVAILABLE ARES SWIEE MEETING - ROME, SEPT. 26 2014 TOR VERGATA UNIVERSITY Summary Introduction Technology State of art Application Scenarios vs. Technology Advanced Research in
More informationPrincipal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator Prof. Talat Ahmad Vice-Chancellor Jamia Millia Islamia Delhi
Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Geology Remote Sensing and GIS Concepts of Global Navigation Satellite RS & GIS XXXIII Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal
More informationModelling GPS Observables for Time Transfer
Modelling GPS Observables for Time Transfer Marek Ziebart Department of Geomatic Engineering University College London Presentation structure Overview of GPS Time frames in GPS Introduction to GPS observables
More informationGPS Engine Board USB Interface
GPS Engine Board USB Interface Specification DGM-U2525B Page 1 of 14 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview The DGM-U2525B is a high sensitivity ultra low power consumption cost efficient, compact size GPS engine
More informationGPS Global Positioning System
GPS Global Positioning System 10.04.2012 1 Agenda What is GPS? Basic consept History GPS receivers How they work Comunication Message format Satellite frequencies Sources of GPS signal errors 10.04.2012
More informationGlobal Positioning Systems (GPS) Trails: the achilles heel of mapping from the air / satellites
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Trails: the achilles heel of mapping from the air / satellites Google maps updated regularly by local users using GPS Also: http://openstreetmaps.org GPS applications
More informationThe GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM James R. Clynch February 2006
The GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM James R. Clynch February 2006 I. Introduction What is GPS The Global Positioning System, or GPS, is a satellite based navigation system developed by the United States Defense
More informationGNSS & Coordinate Systems
GNSS & Coordinate Systems Matthew McAdam, Marcelo Santos University of New Brunswick, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Fredericton, NB May 29, 2012 Santos, 2004 msantos@unb.ca 1 GNSS GNSS
More informationRange Sensing strategies
Range Sensing strategies Active range sensors Ultrasound Laser range sensor Slides adopted from Siegwart and Nourbakhsh 4.1.6 Range Sensors (time of flight) (1) Large range distance measurement -> called
More informationWLAN Location Methods
S-7.333 Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications 7.4.004 WLAN Location Methods Heikki Laitinen heikki.laitinen@hut.fi Contents Overview of Radiolocation Radiolocation in IEEE 80.11 Signal strength based
More informationEE 570: Location and Navigation
EE 570: Location and Navigation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Part I Aly El-Osery Kevin Wedeward Electrical Engineering Department, New Mexico Tech Socorro, New Mexico, USA In Collaboration
More informationPRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONING OF GPS/ DGPS /ETS ER A. K. ATABUDHI, ORSAC
PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONING OF GPS/ DGPS /ETS ER A. K. ATABUDHI, ORSAC GPS GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is the only system today able to show you your exact position on the Earth anytime,
More informationGPS Module AGP3363. Product Datasheet & Design Guide <V1.0>
GPS Module AGP3363 Product Datasheet & Design Guide AMOD Technology Co.,LTD Subject to changes in technology, design and availability URL: http://www.amod.com.tw Add. 8F., No. 46, Lane 10, Jihu
More informationKey Modules For Your Success SKYTRAQ. GPS Module MG-ST1315. UUser s Manual Ver 展得國際有限公司
SKYTRAQ GPS Module MG-ST1315 UUser s Manual Ver 1.01 1. IntroductionT 1.1 Overview Modulestek GPS module MG-ST1315 is a high sensitivity, low power consumption; compact size GPS module designed for a broad
More informationProf. Maria Papadopouli
Lecture on Positioning Prof. Maria Papadopouli University of Crete ICS-FORTH http://www.ics.forth.gr/mobile 1 Roadmap Location Sensing Overview Location sensing techniques Location sensing properties Survey
More informationSKYTRAQ. GPS Module MG-ST1315S. UUser s Manual Ver 1.01
SKYTRAQ GPS Module MG-ST1315S UUser s Manual Ver 1.01 1. IntroductionT Overview Modulestek GPS module MG-ST1315S is a high sensitivity, low power consumption; compact size GPS module designed for a broad
More informationGPS based data acquisition system for mobile applications
GPS based data acquisition system for mobile applications D. Covaciu, I. Preda, Gh. Ciolan Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania e-mail: dinu.covaciu@unitbv.ro, pion@unitbv.ro, cgicu@unitbv.ro Abstract:
More informationGlobal Positioning System: what it is and how we use it for measuring the earth s movement. May 5, 2009
Global Positioning System: what it is and how we use it for measuring the earth s movement. May 5, 2009 References Lectures from K. Larson s Introduction to GNSS http://www.colorado.edu/engineering/asen/
More informationLocalization in WSN. Marco Avvenuti. University of Pisa. Pervasive Computing & Networking Lab. (PerLab) Dept. of Information Engineering
Localization in WSN Marco Avvenuti Pervasive Computing & Networking Lab. () Dept. of Information Engineering University of Pisa m.avvenuti@iet.unipi.it Introduction Location systems provide a new layer
More informationMobile Security Fall 2015
Mobile Security Fall 2015 Patrick Tague #8: Location Services 1 Class #8 Location services for mobile phones Cellular localization WiFi localization GPS / GNSS 2 Mobile Location Mobile location has become
More informationFundamentals of GPS Navigation
Fundamentals of GPS Navigation Kiril Alexiev 1 /76 2 /76 At the traditional January media briefing in Paris (January 18, 2017), European Space Agency (ESA) General Director Jan Woerner explained the knowns
More information2. GPS and GLONASS Basic Facts
2. GPS and GLONASS Basic Facts In 1973 the U.S. Department of Defense decided to establish, develop, test, acquire, and deploy a spaceborne Global Positioning System (GPS). The result of this decision
More informationLocalization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Part 2: Localization techniques Department of Informatics University of Oslo Cyber Physical Systems, 11.10.2011 Localization problem in WSN In a localization problem
More informationNMEA-0183 Output Message
NMEA-0183 Output Message Option GGA GLL GSA GSV MSS RMC VTG Description Time, position and fix type data. Latitude, longitude, UTC time of position fix and status. GPS Receiver operating mode, satellites
More informationSUP500F8. Low-Power High-Performance Low-Cost 167 Channel GPS Smart Antenna Module. Features. Applications
SUP500F8 Features 167 Channel GPS L1 C/A Code Perform 16 million time-frequency hypothesis testing per second Open sky hot start 1 sec Open sky cold start 29 sec Cold start sensitivity -148dBm Signal detection
More informationEM-406 GPS RECEIVER ENGINE BOARD PRODUCT GUIDE
EM-406 GPS RECEIVER ENGINE BOARD PRODUCT GUIDE GlobalSat Technology Corporation 16, No.186,Chien 1 Road, 235Chung Ho City,Taipei Hsien, Taiwan,R.O.C. www.globalsat.com.tw USGlobalSat, Inc. (USA Sales)
More informationKing AbdulAziz University. Faculty of Environmental Design. Geomatics Department. Mobile GIS GEOM 427. Lecture 3
King AbdulAziz University Faculty of Environmental Design Geomatics Department Mobile GIS GEOM 427 Lecture 3 Ahmed Baik, Ph.D. Email: abaik@kau.edu.sa Eng. Fisal Basheeh Email: fbasaheeh@kau.edu.sa GNSS
More informationIntroduction to Geographic Information Science. Last Lecture. Today s Outline. Geography 4103 / GNSS/GPS Technology
Geography 4103 / 5103 Introduction to Geographic Information Science GNSS/GPS Technology Last Lecture Geoids Ellipsoid Datum Projection Basics Today s Outline GNSS technology How satellite based navigation
More informationGPS for. Land Surveyors. Jan Van Sickle. Fourth Edition. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group. Taylor & Francis Croup, an Informa business
GPS for Land Surveyors Fourth Edition Jan Van Sickle CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an Informa business Contents Preface
More informationChallenges and Solutions for GPS Receiver Test
Challenges and Solutions for GPS Receiver Test Presenter: Mirin Lew January 28, 2010 Agenda GPS technology concepts GPS and GNSS overview Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Basic tests required for GPS receiver verification
More informationEN: This Datasheet is presented by the m anufacturer. Please v isit our website for pricing and availability at ore.hu.
EN: This Datasheet is presented by the m anufacturer. Please v isit our website for pricing and availability at www.hest ore.hu. Features 65 channel engine for high performance acquisition GPS L1 C/A Code
More informationGPS SMART ANTENNA (GWG4287SX)
GPS SMART ANTENNA (GWG4287SX) SiRFSTARIII /LPx Specifications are subject to change without notice KOREA ELECTRIC TERMINAL CO., LTD. All right reserved http://www.ket.com 1. Introduction 1.1 Over view
More informationGPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) What is GPS? GPS, standing for Global Positioning System, is becoming common nowadays. Following is a brief introduction. The American Defense Department developed GPS originally
More informationPETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationGPS Receiver. User s Guide. Dec Rev. A
GR-213U GPS Receiver User s Guide Dec. 25 2005 Rev. A Technology, Inc. 1F.No 30, R&D Rd. II. Hsinchu City, Science-based Industrial Park Taiwan Phone: +886-3-6687000 Fax: +886-3-6687111 E-Mail: info@holux.com.tw
More informationThe Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System Principles of GPS positioning GPS signal and observables Errors and corrections Processing GPS data GPS measurement strategies Precision and accuracy E. Calais Purdue University
More informationGPS Glossary Written by Carl Carter SiRF Technology 2005
GPS Glossary Written by Carl Carter SiRF Technology 2005 This glossary provides supplementary information for students of GPS Fundamentals. While many of the terms can have other definitions from those
More informationGPS Receiver. UT-41R (DB9 and PS2 cable) Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 12 Channel GPS Sensor Receiver. Features
GPS Receiver Features 12 parallel channel GPS receiver 4100 simultaneous time-frequency search bins SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS) support -140dBm acquisition sensitivity -150dBm tracking sensitivity < 10 second hot
More informationDatasheet of stand-alone GPS smart antenna module, LS20037
Product name Description Version LS20037 Stand-alone GPS smart antenna module/mtk,9600bps 0.9 (Preliminary) Datasheet of stand-alone GPS smart antenna module, LS20037 1 Introduction LS20037 is a complete
More informationBasics of Satellite Navigation an Elementary Introduction Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof Graz, University of Technology, Austria
Basics of Satellite Navigation an Elementary Introduction Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof Graz, University of Technology, Austria Basic principles 1.1 Definitions Satellite geodesy (SG) comprises
More informationGPS-41EBR GPS-41EBF. GPS Receiver Module GPS-41EB. Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 12 Channel GPS Sensor Module FEATURES. Ordering Information
FEATURES 12 parallel channel GPS receiver 4000 simultaneous time-frequency search bins SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS) support High Sensitivity: -140dBm acquisition sensitivity -150dBm tracking sensitivity Fast Acquisition:
More informationChannel Modeling ETIN10. Wireless Positioning
Channel Modeling ETIN10 Lecture no: 10 Wireless Positioning Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology 2014-03-03 Fredrik Tufvesson - ETIN10 1 Overview Motivation: why wireless
More information2.017 DESIGN OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ROBOTIC SYSTEMS Fall 2009 Lab 3: GPS and Data Logging. September 28, 2009 Dr. Harrison H. Chin
2.017 DESIGN OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ROBOTIC SYSTEMS Fall 2009 Lab 3: GPS and Data Logging September 28, 2009 Dr. Harrison H. Chin Formal Labs 1. Microcontrollers Introduction to microcontrollers Arduino
More informationANALYSIS OF GPS SATELLITE OBSERVABILITY OVER THE INDIAN SOUTHERN REGION
TJPRC: International Journal of Signal Processing Systems (TJPRC: IJSPS) Vol. 1, Issue 2, Dec 2017, 1-14 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. ANALYSIS OF GPS SATELLITE OBSERVABILITY OVER THE INDIAN SOUTHERN REGION ANU SREE
More informationC3-470B Jnavi SPECSHEET
HighPerformance GPS Receiver C3-470B Jnavi SPECSHEET MODEL NAME GR C3-470B - XXXX - T - P CODE NO. CUSTOMER MODEL NAME C3-470B INVESTIGATION INSPECTION APPROVAL 1/19 HighPerformance GPS Receiver Contents
More informationLecture # 7 Coordinate systems and georeferencing
Lecture # 7 Coordinate systems and georeferencing Coordinate Systems Coordinate reference on a plane Coordinate reference on a sphere Coordinate reference on a plane Coordinates are a convenient way of
More informationSatellite Navigation (and positioning)
Satellite Navigation (and positioning) Picture: ESA AE4E08 Instructors: Sandra Verhagen, Hans van der Marel, Christian Tiberius Course 2010 2011, lecture 1 Today s topics Course organisation Course contents
More informationGPS-41MLR GPS-41MLF. GPS Receiver Module GPS-41ML. Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 12 Channel GPS Sensor Module FEATURES. Ordering Information
GPS-41ML Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 12 Channel GPS Sensor Module FEATURES 12 parallel channel GPS receiver 4100 simultaneous time-frequency search bins SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS) support High Sensitivity:
More informationGPS/GNSS Receiver Module
GPS/GNSS Receiver Module 1. Product Information 1.1 Product Name: YIC91612IEB9600 1.2 Product Description: YIC91612IEB9600 is a compact, high performance, and low power consumption GNSS engine board which
More informationGT-720F (Flash version) Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 65 Channel GPS Sensor Module
GT-720F (Flash version) Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 65 Channel GPS Sensor Module The GT-720F is a compact all-in-one GPS module solution intended for a broad range of Original Equipment Manufacturer
More informationUNIT 1 - introduction to GPS
UNIT 1 - introduction to GPS 1. GPS SIGNAL Each GPS satellite transmit two signal for positioning purposes: L1 signal (carrier frequency of 1,575.42 MHz). Modulated onto the L1 carrier are two pseudorandom
More informationPB100 WeatherStation Technical Manual
PB100 WeatherStation Technical Manual also covers model LB100 Revision 1.009 AIRMAR Technology Corporation 35 Meadowbrook Drive Milford, NH 03055-4613 (603) 673-9570 1. Introduction This document is a
More informationGM-270. CF GPS Receiver. User s Guide
GM-270 CF GPS Receiver User s Guide Jul 05, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.. 3 1.1 Overview.. 3 1.2 Features.. 3 2. Brief Information. 5 2.1 Hardware Interface 5 2.2 Software Interface 6 3. Functional
More informationEntity Tracking and Surveillance using the Modified Biometric System, GPS-3
Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering. ISSN 2231-1297, Volume 3, Number 9 (2013), pp. 1115-1120 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/aeee.htm Entity Tracking and Surveillance
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Chapter 1 Introduction National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Elements of a Digital Communication System Communication Channels and Their Wire-line
More informationThe last 25 years - GPS to multi-gnss: from a military tool to the most widely used civilian positioning solution
1 The last 25 years - GPS to multi-gnss: from a military tool to the most widely used civilian positioning solution B. Hofmann-Wellenhof Institute of Geodesy / Navigation, Graz University of Technology
More informationRaveon M7 GX Frequently Asked Questions
Technical Brief AN134Rev A3 Raveon M7 GX Frequently Asked Questions By John Sonnenberg Raveon Technologies Corp How far will a 5-watt UHF radio communicate? An excellent question, but very difficult to
More informationGMS6-CR6(SIRF-IV) Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 48 Channel GPS Sensor Module
GMS6-CR6(SIRF-IV) Fast Acquisition Enhanced Sensitivity 48 Channel GPS Sensor Module The GMS6-CR6 is a compact all-in-one GPS module solution intended for a broad range of Original Equipment Manufacturer
More informationSecurity of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) GPS Fundamentals GPS Signal Spoofing Attack Spoofing Detection Techniques
Security of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) GPS Fundamentals GPS Signal Spoofing Attack Spoofing Detection Techniques Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Umbrella term for navigation
More informationIOT GEOLOCATION NEW TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL OPPORTUNITIES
IOT GEOLOCATION NEW TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL OPPORTUNITIES Florian LECLERE f.leclere@kerlink.fr EOT Conference Herning 2017 November 1st, 2017 AGENDA 1 NEW IOT PLATFORM LoRa LPWAN Platform Geolocation
More informationUsers guide ECS 1/2/3 COMPASS / GPS Sensor
Users guide ECS 1/2/3 COMPASS / GPS Sensor ECS1/2/3 REV.1.2 10-05-2004 For latest update: www.elproma.com/compass Electronic Compass Sensor ECS1/2/3 Contents 1 Introduction...1 1.1 ECS1...1 1.2 ECS2...1
More informationGPS & GLONASS Antenna Module
5 Series GPS & GLONASS Antenna Module 1. Product Information 1.1Product Name: 51513GMGG-33 1.2Product Description: 51513GMGG-33 is a complete standalone GPS/GNSS antenna module. It can simultaneously acquire
More informationGPS & GLONASS Antenna Module
5 Series GPS & GLONASS Antenna Module 1. Product Information 1.1Product Name: 51515GMSGG-33 1.2Product Description: 51515GMSGG-33 is a complete standalone GPS/GNSS antenna module. It can simultaneously
More informationSources of Geographic Information
Sources of Geographic Information Data properties: Spatial data, i.e. data that are associated with geographic locations Data format: digital (analog data for traditional paper maps) Data Inputs: sampled
More informationNMEA2000- Par PGN. Mandatory Request, Command, or Acknowledge Group Function Receive/Transmit PGN's
PGN Number Category Notes - Datum Local geodetic datum and datum offsets from a reference datum. T The Request / Command / Acknowledge Group type of 126208 - NMEA - Request function is defined by first
More informationTable of Contents. Frequently Used Abbreviation... xvii
GPS Satellite Surveying, 2 nd Edition Alfred Leick Department of Surveying Engineering, University of Maine John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1995 (Navtech order #1028) Table of Contents Preface... xiii Frequently
More informationAgenda Motivation Systems and Sensors Algorithms Implementation Conclusion & Outlook
Overview of Current Indoor Navigation Techniques and Implementation Studies FIG ww 2011 - Marrakech and Christian Lukianto HafenCity University Hamburg 21 May 2011 1 Agenda Motivation Systems and Sensors
More informationMonitoring the Ionosphere and Neutral Atmosphere with GPS
Monitoring the Ionosphere and Neutral Atmosphere with GPS Richard B. Langley Geodetic Research Laboratory Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton, N.B. Division
More information