Shematski prikaz RK sustava:

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1 Shematski prikaz RK sustava: Za mobilne sustave: T x MS ili BTS zrak R x BTS ili MS Mobilni sustav: Prijenosni medij: atmosfera u blizini površine zemlje, refleksija od tla i okolnih objekata (zgrada), penetracija u zatvorene prostore, širenje vala u tunelima Izobličenje: odstupanje valnog oblika izlaznog signala u odn. na ulazni Interferencija: djelovanje drugih sustava na valni oblik izlaznog signala šum: neželjeni signal nepravilna oblika uzrokovan nejednolikim gibanjem e - bez kojih se ne može prenositi el.signal 1

2 Usporedba različitih mobilni sustava: Sustav frek.nosioca f c širina frek.pojasa f korisnika po kanalu modulacija NMT 450/ khz 1 govorni kanal FM GSM 900/ khz 8 govornih kanaka GMSK EDGE 900/ khz do 384 kb/s 4 ili 8 fazna UMTS cca. 2 GHz 5 MHz do 2 Mb/s statično CDMA Frekvencijski kanali: GSM (prva generacija) f c ~ 900 MHz, B ul,dl = 25 MHz MS BTS uplink (ul) MHz BTS MS downlink (dl) MHz E-GSM (extended) Dodatnih 10 MHz na donjem kraju frekvencijskih pojaseva tj. dodatnih 50 kanala u dl i ul smjeru MS BTS uplink (ul) MHz BTS MS downlink (dl) MHz 2

3 Frekvencijski kanali: PCN ili DSC-1800 GSM na 1800 MS BTS uplink (ul) MHz BTS MS downlink (dl) MHz PCS Američki standard MS BTS uplink (ul) MHz BTS MS downlink (dl) MHz Dozvoljene snage odašiljača: G S M : DSC 1800: 3

4 Dozvoljene snage odašiljača mikro BTS u drugoj fazi razvoja sustava: zadatak 1 Mobilna postaja klase M1 odašilje snagom 0,1 W. Ako se uslijed udaljivanja mobilne postaje od antene bazne postaje snaga odašiljanja poveća u 3 koraka po 2 db, kojom snagom sada mobilna postaja odašilje signal? Da li je ostala u klasi M1 i ako nije u kojoj je sada klasi? 4

5 zadatak 2 Odrediti snagu u decibelima iznad 1 mw (dbm) koja se troši na otporu od 50 oma, ako je na njemu izmjeren napon od 8 μv. zadatak 3 Snaga na ulazu prijamnika je -87 dbm. Koliki je napon na njegovim stezaljkama, ako mu je ulazni otpor 50 Ω? 5

6 zadatak 4 Planarni val nailazi na ravnu refleksijsku plohu s apsolutnom vrijednosti koeficijenta refleksije 0,95. Za koliko će decibela gustoća snage biti veća odnosno manja od one planarnog vala na mjestima gdje su upadni i reflektirani val u fazi odnosno u protufazi? zadatak 5 Koaksijalni vod duljine 50 m ima slabljenje 4 db. Kolika se snaga troši na teretu impedancije 50 Ω ako je ulazna snaga 6 mw? 6

7 zadatak 6 Koaksijalni vod duljine 50 m ima slabljenje 2 db. Koliki je napon na teretu impedancije 50 Ω ako je ulazni napon 8 µv? zadatak 7 Antena ima kružni horizontalni dijagram zračenja, a vertikalni kut usmjerenosti je Ako je koeficijent djelotvornosti k=70%, koliki je dobitak antene u decibelima? 7

8 zadatak 8 Horizontalni kut usmjerenosti antene je 120 0, a vertikalni Koliki je dobitak antene ako je koeficijent djelotvornosti 0,9? zadatak 9 Odašiljačka antena se nalazi u slobodnom prostoru i ima dobitak od 5dB. Kolika je jakost električnog polja u smjeru maksimalnog zračenja na udaljenosti od 15 km ako se anteni privodi snaga od 5 W? 8

9 zadatak 10 Na udaljenosti 7,5 km od odašiljača u slobodnom prostoru izmjerena je u smjeru maksimalnog zračenja jakost električnog polja od 1,633 mv/m. Ako odašiljač ima snagu 1 W koliki je dobitak antene u decibelima? zadatak 11 Na granici zone odašiljača od 12,5 km mora jakost električnog polja u slobodnom prostoru iznositi 0,4 mv/m. Ako je dobitak odašiljačke antene 5,24 db, koliku snagu mora imati odašiljač da bi se ostvarilo zadano polje? 9

10 zadatak 12 Odašiljač ima snagu 0,6 W i dobitak antene 3 db. Odrediti granicu zone tako da na toj granici u smjeru maksimalog zračenja električno polje u slobodnom prostoru bude 2,4 mv/m. zadatak 13 Jakost električnog polja signala frekvencije 858,3 MHz na mjestu prijama u slobodnom prostoru iznosi 750 μv/m. Ako je dobitak prijamne antene 5,8 db i ona je prilagođena na otpor od 50 Ω, koliki će biti izlazni napon? 10

11 zadatak 14 Jakost električnog polja u slobodnom prostoru na mjestu prijama je 90 μv/m, a frekvencija signala je 402,25 MHz. Koliki je dobitak antene ako je na njenom 50-omskom prilagođenom izlazu izmjeren napon od 10μV? zadatak 15 Snaga odašiljača je 2,6 W, frekvencija 887 MHz i dobitak odašiljačke antene 6 db. Kolika je snaga primljena iz slobodnog prostora na izlazu prijamne antene, ako je njen dobitak 3,5 db a udaljena je od odašiljača 14 km? Maksimumi dijagrama zračenja obje antene usmjereni su jedan prema drugome. Na kojem kanalu u E-GSM sustavu radi ovaj odašiljač? 11

12 zadatak 16 Kolika mora biti snaga odašiljača, da bi na izlazu prijamne antene prilagođene na 50 oma imali napon od 55 µv? Radna frekvencija je 920 MHz, dobitak odašiljačke antene 7 db, dobitak prijamne antene 2 db i udaljenost u slobodnom prostoru prijamnika od odašiljača 11 km. zadatak 17 Snaga odašiljača je 3 W i radi na frekvenciji od 850 MHz. Na udaljenosti od 8 km u slobodnom prostoru nalazi se prijamnik s antenom dobitka 3 db. Koliki je potreban dobitak odašiljačke antene da bi na izlazu prijamne antene prilagođene na 50 oma napon bio 165 µv? 12

13 zadatak 18 Horizontalni kut usmjerenosti odašiljačke antene je 60 0, vertikalni 40 0 i koeficijent djelotvornosti 0,7. Prijamna antena nalazi se u slobodnom prostoru i 5 km je udaljena od odašiljača. Ako snaga na izlazu prilagođene prijamne antene dobitka 2,5 db mora biti -64 dbm, a frekvencija signala je 1852 MHz, kolika je potrebna snaga odašiljača? Na kojem kanalu radi ovaj GSM-1800 sustav? zadatak 19 Snaga odašiljača je 1,2 W. Na udaljenosti od 12 km u slobodnom prostoru izmjerena je jakost električnog polja od 1mV/m. Koliki je dobitak odašiljačke antene kao i vertikalni kut usmjerenosti ako antena ima kružni horizontalni dijagram zračenja i koeficijent djelotvornosti 0,7? 13

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