ELF/VLF GENERATION IN THE IONOSPHERE STATE OF THE ART
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1 ELF/VLF GENERATION IN THE IONOSPHERE STATE OF THE ART Dennis Papadopoulos APTI Wih Suppor from Tom Wallace, Gennadi Milikh And Mike McCarrick Presenaion o PARS Workshop November, 4,21
2 A LITTLE HISTORY IONOSPHERE 8 KM GROUND ~ HMD H E FELF/NAVY ~ 7 H k H E k 1 Nick Chrisofilos proposes SANGUINE Projec Poliical as well as pracical issues wih ground ELF ransmier NRL examined he possibiliy of saellie based ELF/VLF sysem IONOSPHERIC ELF/VLF GENERATION
3 IONOSPERIC ELF/ULF GENERATION I HF ELF DRIVE LOW FREQUENCY AC CURRENTS IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE BY INJECTING AND ABSORBING HF POWER IN THE ION. HF-CURRENT DRIVE IN THE ABSENCE OF AMBIENT CURRENTS USE PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE OF HF TO DRIVE MODULATED CURRENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF AMBIENT CURRENTS [ ELECTROJETS] USE HF TO MODULATE LOCALLY THE IONOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITY----> CREATE MODULATED CURRENTS CERENKOV GENERATION ----> FAST HEATER SWEEPING AURORAL ELECTROJET EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET
4 AVAILABILITY AURORAL SITES EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET INJECTION TO THE MAGNETOSPHERE UPWARD CERENKOV DUCTS CURRENT DRIVE COLLISIONLESS THREE WAVE COUPLING THRESHOLD MANLEY-ROW LIMITS Pap,Reiman,Ko, Tripahi COLLISIONAL THREE WAVE COUPLING THRESHOLD OBLIQUE INCIDENCE INTERACTION AT THE CAUSTICS THERMOELECTRIC CURRENT DRIVE
5 Principle of ELF Generaion = Dawn Dusk = 2 Heaer = Pulsed Heaing
6 POWER SPECTRA INSIDE MINE 1 T p -1 1 y i s n e -2 D 1 H 2/l a r c 1-3 e p S 2 kh 1 kh 2 H 5 kh 5 H 1 H r e -4 w 1 o P Frequency H ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6
7 SCALING WITH FREQUENCY MH Heaing on 4 March MH Heaing on 4 March Toal Field pt RMS Average Field Level Compared o 2 kh Frequency H Frequency H IL M d=2/msw 1/2
8 CURRENT CLOSURE Zhou, Pap.,Sharma and Chang Phys. Pl., 1484, 1996 SE for free wavepacke Diff. Equ. Z = c/w e W e 1/2 M ~ 1/ f 1/2 Inconsisen wih daa See vgraphs
9 NEAR ZONE - VECTOR POTENTIAL FORMULATION ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., 4 1, J c A K c A c A E J e p h h p p w s s s s s = W - - Í Í Í Î È - = J, Pap,Milikh,Wallace, Yang 1998
10 SIMPLIFIED PHYSICS MODEL,,,, ;,, A B J G d d A = = Ú Ú - - c c c B c J d A p h p h p h ~,, ~, ', 2,, >> Ú - S S ] / [1 / 2 S S + c
11 CONDUCTIVITY VARIATION 5 msec ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
12 CONDUCTIVITY SATURATION EFECT ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
13 5 H WAVEFORM MODELING S erm S erm 5 H
14 WAVEFORM MODELING 9 pt 1 kh 2.5 kh 5 kh 5 H 6 pt 1 kh c
15 MODEL PREDICTIONS MAXIMUM VALUE OF M BETWEEN 2-5 kh M DROPS AT HIGHER FREQUENCIES PULSE LENGTH TOO SHORT FOR SATURATION M DROPS AT LOWER FREQUENCIES DUE TO CONDUCTIVITY SATURATION ROLE OF SIGNAL REFLECTION TWICE THE TRANSIT TIME ~.5 msec ~ 2 kh; R~.2 INCREASE M AT 2 kh AND ITS HARMONICS INCREASE LF HARMONIC CONTENT DEVELOP WAVEFORM DIAGNOSTICS WITH 2 MICROSEC RESOLUTION
16 CODE VALIDATION
17 SHORT PULSE COMPARISON SEE PRESENTATION BY T. WALLACE
18 RESOLVED WAVEFORMS
19 RESOLVED WAVEFORMS Modulaed Signal f=1 H Trailer, ns March 4, Modulaed Signal f=4 H Trailer, ns 5:32: T p d l e i f T p d l e i f TimemS TimemS
20 EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT PAINTING PAP ET AL See vgraph Tes in Tromso Cerenkov Pap e al. 1994, Borison e al See viewgr. No seriously esed Coheren Sweeping Runaway
21 COHERENT SWEEPING SEE PRESENTATION BY MILIKH ELF HF MODIFIED SPOT ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
22 MODEL RESULTS
23 COHERENT SWEEPING - DELTA TECHNIQUE PROVIDES DIRECTIONALITY AND POLARIZATION CONTROL
24 dt/d = qgaine,t qlosst THERMAL RUNAWAY CONCEPT AND THRESHOLD Ignoring self-absorpion he emperaure is given by he inersecion of he Loss Rae qloss Red Curve wih he gain rae as funcion of he quiver energy e in ev. Noice he large increase in T when hreshold.4 ev is exceeded. Loss and gain raes ev Loss Rae T/To T/To
25 9 km THERMAL RUNAWAY ALTITUDE DEPENDENCE km km km
26 TEMPERATURE PROFILES BELOW THRESHOLD ABOVE THRESHOLD 6.6 MH, 9 dbw
27
28 ADVANTAGES OF RUNAWAY REGIME TEMPERATURE REACHES 25 K RATHER THAN THE CURRENT 4 K CONDUCTANCE REACHES.17 SIEMENS WITH 95 dbw a 9 MH AND.27 SIEMENS WITH 1 dbw AT 11 MH, RATHER THAN THE.1 SIEMENS WITH THE CURRENT FACILITY. FOR THE 95 dbw 3.6 MW CASE THIS GIVES A 18 db INCREASE IN THE ELF/VLF MAGNETIC MOMENT. IN THE ABSENCE OF RUNAWAY THE INCREASE WOULD HAVE BEEN 1dB P 2 SCALING. THE HEATING/COOLING RATIO REACHES VALUES BETWEEN 5-1 ALLOWING INCREASE IN THE EFFECTIVE RADIATING AREA BY COHERENT SWEEPING PAINTING. THIS COULD PROVIDE AN ADDITIONAL 2-3 db. AT 76 H THE RADIATING MOMENT WOULD EXCEED THAT OF THE MICHIGAN FELF BY 2-3 db. THE ELF/VLF AVAILABILITY INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY, SINCE GOOD SIGNALS WOULD BE PRODUCED EVEN WITH E-FIELDS AS LOW AS 2 mv/m raher han 2 mv/m needed now.
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