COURSE: ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. Module No. 5: OTHER PROCESSES
|
|
- Lawrence Pierce
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 COURSE: ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Module No. 5: OTHER PROCESSES Lecture No-3 Microwave Processing of Materials Microwave processing is a relatively new and emerging area in material processing. It has bright prospects as an unconventional manufacturing technique in the years to come. Application of microwaves in material processing is one of the significant developments in researches in material processing which is gaining popularity day by day. The use of microwaves to process absorbing materials was studied intensively in the 1970s and 1980s and has now been applied to a wide variety of materials. The metals were earlier considered not viable to process through microwaves owing to the fact that they primarily reflect microwaves at room temperature but recent research activities, however indicate that it is possible to process metals under certain conditions. The microwave processing of materials provides a new approach to improve the physical properties of materials. It offers an alternative for processing materials that are hard to process using conventional means. There are a number of processing advantages and environmental benefits that can be derived from the use of microwave processing. Some of these advantages include: Microwave processing is a green manufacturing process (environmentally safe), significantly fast and hence tends to be highly economical (energy saving). Microwaves have been effectively and efficiently used for processing of ceramics and composite materials which are otherwise difficult to process through conventional processes. In microwave processing, fine microstructures and improved mechanical properties are observed with reduced processing cycles. Conceived almost 50 years ago, microwave energy was developed primarily for communications; its application was later extended to some areas of processing such as cooking foods, tempering, thawing, and curing of wood, rubber products etc. However, a considerable
2 development has taken place in the last two decades. Today, microwaves are being extensively used not only in industrial applications but also in domestic appliances. In microwave processing, heat is generated internally within the material instead of originating from external sources. Heating is rapid as the material is heated by energy conversion rather than energy transfer. There is a 100% conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat. In conventional thermal processing, energy is transferred to the material through conduction, convection and radiation of heat from the surface of the material. On the other hand, microwave energy is delivered directly to materials through molecular interaction with the electromagnetic field. Significant advantages in material processing through microwaves have been observed in respect of savings in processing time, product uniformity, grain size control and consequent property enhancement etc. Microwave energy has been in use for variety of applications for over five decades, however, in the last few years more advancements and applications like ceramic sintering were noticed. Microwave heating/ processing of material depends on dielectric and magnetic properties. Microwaves are not form of heat; rather form of energy that is converted into heat energy. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the range of 10 mm to 300 mm. Microwaves generally refer to signals with frequency in the range of 0.3 GHz to 300 GHz. The most common microwave frequency used for materials research is 2.45 GHz. The Federal Communications Commission has issued the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency bands used for industrial microwave heating. These frequencies are indicated in the Table A frequency of 2.45 GHz is used for the domestic microwave ovens. Figure shows the electromagnetic spectrum along with the range of microwaves. Table 5.3.1: Permitted frequencies and wavelength bands: Frequency (MHz) Wavelength (m) Area Permitted Great Britain North & South America Other parts, including India
3 SHF VHF MF VLF X-rays U.V IR EHF UHF HF LF Di-electric heating frequencies Millimeter waves MICROWAVES Radio frequencies Rear Bands K X S L 1cm 10 cm 1 m 10 m 100 m Wavelength 3 X X X X X 10 6 Frequency (Hz) 900 MHz MHz 2.45 GHz MHz MHz MHz Principal frequencies allotted for industrial use Fig The electromagnetic spectrum Microwaves have unmatched application potential in wireless communication as well as in material processing. They can be reflected, absorbed and/or transmitted by materials. Reflection and absorption require interaction of the microwaves with the material. A brief comparison between conventional heating and microwave heating is illustrated in Table Table 5.3.2: Conventional and microwave heating. Features Conventional Heating Microwave Heating Mechanism In the conventional processing, In microwave heating, energy is delivered of heating thermal energy is delivered to the directly to the material through molecular surface of the material by radiant interaction with the electromagnetic field. and/or convection heating and is transferred to the bulk of the material via conduction/convection. Here, heating is due to the transfer of electromagnetic energy to thermal energy and the mechanism is energy conversion
4 Volumetric heating Rate of heating Direction of heating Heating quality Rate of processing Here the heating is gradual and there is no volumetric heating concept. In conventional heating, slow heating rates are selected to reduce steep thermal gradient leading to processinduced stresses. Thus, there is a balance between processing time and product quality. From the outer surfaces into the core/center of the bulk. There is uneven heating on different areas, leading to uneven quality. The processing time is more. rather than heat transfer. The Microwave interaction is through either polarization or conduction process. Since microwaves can penetrate the material and supply energy, heat can be generated throughout the volume of the material resulting in volumetric heating. Hence, it is possible to achieve rapid and uniform heating of thick materials. Rate of heating is much faster. The thermal gradient is in the reverse fashion as that of conventional heating, that is the highest temperature is generally observed in the core/center of the bulk. During microwave processing, microwaves transfer energy throughout the whole volume of the material. This helps to reduce processing time and enhance the product quality. Relatively faster. Polarization and Conduction: There are two most widely accepted mode of interaction of microwaves with materialspolarization and conduction. The polarization involves short range displacement of the charges through formation and rotation of electric poles, while the conduction requires long range
5 transportt of the charges. Like lasers, microwaves are highly coherent and polarized. Microwaves obey the laws of optics. However, unlike laser heating, microwave heating is fundamentally different from conventional heating processes. The energy absorbed by the material during its interaction with microwaves is generally manifested ass heat. The electric field decreasess as a function of the distance from the surface of the material as energy is absorbed within the material,. Different types of Microwave-Material interactions are illustrated in the Figure The power absorbed in microwave processing is given by: P=2πƒε E 2 (5.1) where, P = power absorbed in watts, ƒ = resonant frequency in hertz, = ε dielectric loss of material, and E= magnitude of electric field in volts/meter. Material Type TRANSPARENT (Low loss insulator) Penetration Total OPAQUE (Conductor) None (Reflected) ABSORBER (Lossy Insulator) Partial to Total ABSORBER (Mixed) Matrix= Low loss insulator Fiber/additives = absorbing materials Partial to total Fig Penetration of microwaves into differentt materials.
6 Unique benefits and distinctive features of Microwave Processing: Microwaves have the potential to process materials/ products that are difficult or impossible to produce reliably by conventional methods. In addition to being a cost effective, clean and environment friendly process, microwave processing has some unique benefits and features as below: Penetrating radiation which helps in controlling the electric field distribution, Precise, rapid and uniform internal (volumetric) heating, Differential coupling (selective heating) of materials, and Self-limiting reactions.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
LECTURE:2 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Electromagnetic waves: In an electromagnetic wave the electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular. They are also both perpendicular
More informationSection 1 Wireless Transmission
Part : Wireless Communication! section : Wireless Transmission! Section : Digital modulation! Section : Multiplexing/Medium Access Control (MAC) Section Wireless Transmission Intro. to Wireless Transmission
More informationA bluffer s guide to Radar
A bluffer s guide to Radar Andy French December 2009 We may produce at will, from a sending station, an electrical effect in any particular region of the globe; (with which) we may determine the relative
More informationAntenna & Propagation. Basic Radio Wave Propagation
For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my Antenna & Propagation Basic Radio Wave Propagation by Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering hadzfizah@ump.edu.my
More informationMICROWAVE VS RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING. Property of Ferrite Microwave Technologies, LLC Do Not Distribute
MICROWAVE VS RADIO FREQUENCY HEATING INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL (ISM) RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BANDS These are the center frequencies for the ISM RF bands: Radio Frequency Heating 6.780 MHz; 13.560
More informationAn Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electromagnetic. Dr. Cahit Karakuş, 2018
An Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electromagnetic Dr. Cahit Karakuş, 2018 Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum Longest Wavelength Shortest Wavelength Electrical
More informationLiquidmetal Electromagnetic Properties & RF Shielding Overview
Liquidmetal Electromagnetic Properties & RF Shielding Overview Liquidmetal alloy is more transparent to RF signals than many similar materials 1 Introduction H ow a material interacts with radio frequency
More informationComputer Networks Lecture -4- Transmission Media. Dr. Methaq Talib
Computer Networks Lecture -4- Transmission Media Dr. Methaq Talib Transmission Media A transmission medium can be broadly defined as anything that can carry information from a source to a destination.
More informationTechnician License Course Chapter 2 Radio and Signals Fundamentals
Technician License Course Chapter 2 Radio and Signals Fundamentals Handling Large and Small Numbers Electronics and Radio use a large range of sizes, i.e., 0.000000000001 to 1000000000000. Scientific Notation
More informationUNDER STANDING RADIO FREQUENCY Badger Meter, Inc.
UNDER STANDING RADIO FREQUENCY UNDERSTANDING RADIO FREQUENCY Regional Sales Meeting March 1-2, 2011 Brian Fiut Sr. Product Manager Itron Inc. Liberty Lake, WA August 25, 2010 RADIO PROPAGATION Radio consists
More informationVehicle Networks. Wireless communication basics. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Strang, Dipl.-Inform. Matthias Röckl
Vehicle Networks Wireless communication basics Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Strang, Dipl.-Inform. Matthias Röckl Outline Wireless Signal Propagation Electro-magnetic waves Signal impairments Attenuation Distortion
More informationRadio Propagation Fundamentals
Radio Propagation Fundamentals Concept of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanisms Modes of Propagation Propagation Models Path Profiles Link Budget Fading Channels Electromagnetic (EM) Waves EM Wave
More informationRADIATIONS BEYOND THE VISIBLE. Radio UV IR Micro Gamma X-Rays
Lesson 1 Introduction 1. What name do we give the following set of waves; Radio UV IR Micro Gamma X-Rays 2. Copy the waves shown above in order of wavelength with the shortest at the top. 3. What speed
More informationData and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media Ninth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Ninth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall,
More informationMaximum date rate=2hlog 2 V bits/sec. Maximum number of bits/sec=hlog 2 (1+S/N)
Basics Data can be analog or digital. The term analog data refers to information that is continuous, digital data refers to information that has discrete states. Analog data take on continuous values.
More informationJaringan Komputer. Outline. The Physical Layer
Jaringan Komputer The Physical Layer Outline Defines the mechanical, electrical, and timing interfaces to the network Theoretical analysis of data transmission Kinds of transmission media Examples: the
More information$100 $400 $400 $400 $500
$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 MOVING IN WAVES PURE ENERGY! WHAT S THE FREQUENCY, KENNETH? USE IT OR LOSE IT
More informationE-716-A Mobile Communications Systems. Lecture #2 Basic Concepts of Wireless Transmission (p1) Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
October 2014 Ahmad El-Banna Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Lecture #2 Basic Concepts of Wireless Transmission (p1) Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
More information4.6.1 Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves Properties of waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationFigure 4-1. Figure 4-2 Classes of Transmission Media
Electromagnetic Spectrum Chapter 4 Transmission Media Computers and other telecommunication devices transmit signals in the form of electromagnetic energy, which can be in the form of electrical current,
More informationTerahertz Technologies
Terahertz Technologies Physics, Sources, and Applications SRJC, PHYS43 Spring 2013 Physics Terahertz corresponds with the frequencies between 100 GHz to 10 THz This rage is also called the Terahertz Gap
More informationAntenna Engineering Lecture 0: Introduction
Antenna Engineering Lecture 0: Introduction ELC 405a Fall 2011 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University 2 Outline 1 Why Study Antenna Engineering?
More informationUNDERSTANDING MICROWAVES & MICROWAVE DEVICES. Property of Ferrite Microwave Technologies, LLC Do Not Distribute
UNDERSTANDING MICROWAVES & MICROWAVE DEVICES 2017 WHAT ARE MICROWAVES? Not just a kind of oven! Microwaves are a form of energy in the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. The EM spectrum runs from DC voltage
More informationRRC Vehicular Communications Part II Radio Channel Characterisation
RRC Vehicular Communications Part II Radio Channel Characterisation Roberto Verdone Slides are provided as supporting tool, they are not a textbook! Outline 1. Fundamentals of Radio Propagation 2. Large
More informationBasics of RFID technology Thomas Holtstiege Technical Manager EECC. October 2009
Basics of RFID technology Thomas Holtstiege Technical Manager EECC October 2009 About the European EPC Competence Center (EECC) First European EPCglobal accredited performance test center Active since
More informationWireless Transmission Rab Nawaz Jadoon
Wireless Transmission Rab Nawaz Jadoon DCS Assistant Professor COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad Pakistan COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Mobile Communication Frequency Spectrum Note: The figure shows
More informationPRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. Lecture 1- Introduction Elements, Modulation, Demodulation, Frequency Spectrum
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Lecture 1- Introduction Elements, Modulation, Demodulation, Frequency Spectrum Topic covered Introduction to subject Elements of Communication system Modulation General
More informationArea Network Applications] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks N (WPANs) Submission Title: [RF Safety Considerations for Body Area Network Applications] Date Submitted: [] Source: [Kamya Yekeh
More informationIntroduction to Microeletromechanical Systems (MEMS) Lecture 12 Topics. MEMS Overview
Introduction to Microeletromechanical Systems (MEMS) Lecture 2 Topics MEMS for Wireless Communication Components for Wireless Communication Mechanical/Electrical Systems Mechanical Resonators o Quality
More informationCS441 Mobile & Wireless Computing Communication Basics
Department of Computer Science Southern Illinois University Carbondale CS441 Mobile & Wireless Computing Communication Basics Dr. Kemal Akkaya E-mail: kemal@cs.siu.edu Kemal Akkaya Mobile & Wireless Computing
More informationRADIOWAVE PROPAGATION: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS. Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, / 31
RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018 1 / 31 I. Introduction 1 EM waves and propagation 2 Influence of frequency 3 Propagation
More informationAntenna Engineering Lecture 0: Introduction
Antenna Engineering Lecture 0: Introduction ELCN405 Fall 2011 Communications and Computer Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Cairo University 2 Outline 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum Recent Advances
More informationWIRELESS TRANSMISSION
COMP 635: WIRELESS NETWORKS WIRELESS TRANSMISSION Jasleen Kaur Fall 205 Outline Frequenc Spectrum Ø Usage and Licensing Signals and Antennas Ø Propagation Characteristics Multipleing Ø Space, Frequenc,
More informationClass Overview. Antenna Fundamentals Repeaters Duplex and Simplex Nets and Frequencies Cool Radio Functions Review
Class Overview Antenna Fundamentals Repeaters Duplex and Simplex Nets and Frequencies Cool Radio Functions Review Antennas Antennas An antenna is a device used for converting electrical currents into electromagnetic
More informationMICROWAVE ENGINEERING
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING SANJEEVA GUPTA B.Sc. (Electrical) Electronics Engineering DINESH ARORA B.Sc. (Electrical) Electronics Engineering SATYA BHUSHAN SARNA B.Sec. (Electrical)Electronics Engineering PRASHANT
More informationPhysics of RFID. Pawel Waszczur McMaster RFID Applications Lab McMaster University
1 Physics of RFID Pawel Waszczur McMaster RFID Applications Lab McMaster University 2 Agenda Radio Waves Active vs. Passive Near field vs. Far field Behavior of UHF fields Modulation & Signal Coding 3
More informationNote 2 Electromagnetic waves N2/EMWAVES/PHY/XII/CHS2012
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Electromagnetic waves include visible light waves, X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet and infrared waves. The classification of em waves according to frequency
More informationMICROWAVE & RF RADIATION: (RFR Information - Technology Newsletter, Full Version)
MICROWAVE & RF RADIATION: (RFR Information - Technology Newsletter, Full Version) George M. Harris, P.E. (February, 2011) Questions: -What is Microwave & Radiofrequency, (RF), Radiation? -What are its
More informationTransmission Media. Beulah A L/CSE. 2 July 2008 Transmission Media Beulah A. 1
Transmission Media Beulah A L/CSE 2 July 2008 Transmission Media Beulah A. 1 Guided Transmission Media Magnetic Media A tape can hold 7 gigabytes. A box can hold about 1000 tapes. Assume a box can be delivered
More informationHealth Issues. Introduction. Ionizing vs. Non-Ionizing Radiation. Health Issues 18.1
Health Issues 18.1 Health Issues Introduction Let s face it - radio waves are mysterious things. Especially when referred to as electromagnetic radiation the concept makes many people nervous. In this
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 13: LIGHT WAVES This lecture will help you understand: Electromagnetic Spectrum Transparent and Opaque Materials Color Why the Sky is Blue, Sunsets are Red, and
More informationRADIATIONS. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. Talián Csaba Gábor Dept. Biophysics Apr
RADIATIONS. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. Talián Csaba Gábor Dept. Biophysics Apr 16. 2012. WHAT IS RADIATION? PROPAGATION OF ENERGY IN SPACE THROUGH TRAVELLING OF PARTICLES OR WAVES Particle: alfa-, beta-radiantion
More informationSw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave
WAVE PROPAGATION By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU Electromagnetic radio waves can propagate in three different ways between the transmitter and the receiver. 1- Ground waves 2- Troposphere waves 3- Sky waves
More informationTurn off all electronic devices
Radio 1 Radio 2 Observations about Radio Radio It can transmit sound long distances wirelessly It involve antennas It apparently involves electricity and magnetism Its reception depends on antenna positioning
More informationMicro-sensors - what happens when you make "classical" devices "small": MEMS devices and integrated bolometric IR detectors
Micro-sensors - what happens when you make "classical" devices "small": MEMS devices and integrated bolometric IR detectors Dean P. Neikirk 1 MURI bio-ir sensors kick-off 6/16/98 Where are the targets
More informationMicrowave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and
Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p.
More information6-6 Waves Trilogy. 1.0 Figure 1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum. Figure 1. A microwaves B C ultraviolet D gamma
6-6 Waves Trilogy.0 Figure shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum. Figure A microwaves B C ultraviolet D gamma. Which position are X-rays found in? Tick one box. [ mark] A B C D.2 Which three waves
More informationECE 435 Network Engineering Lecture 21
ECE 435 Network Engineering Lecture 21 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 21 November 2017 Announcements Wireless Spectrum Allocation Poster Don t forget project status
More informationAn Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Engineering Communication. Dr. Cahit Karakuş, 2018
An Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Engineering Communication Dr. Cahit Karakuş, 2018 Significance of Human Communication Methods of communication: 1. Face to face 2. Signals 3. Written word (letters)
More informationWireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 2005
Wireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 005 Dr. Chengzhi Li 1 Suggested Reading Chapter Wireless Communications by T. S. Rappaport, 001 (version ) Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication
More informationPlasma in the ionosphere Ionization and Recombination
Plasma in the ionosphere Ionization and Recombination Jamil Muhammad Supervisor: Professor kjell Rönnmark 1 Contents: 1. Introduction 3 1.1 History.3 1.2 What is the ionosphere?...4 2. Ionization and recombination.5
More informationLlIGHT REVIEW PART 2 DOWNLOAD, PRINT and submit for 100 points
WRITE ON SCANTRON WITH NUMBER 2 PENCIL DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST LlIGHT REVIEW PART 2 DOWNLOAD, PRINT and submit for 100 points Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Chapter 1 Introduction National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Elements of a Digital Communication System Communication Channels and Their Wire-line
More informationSHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS
SHIELDING Electronic devices are commonly packaged in a conducting enclosure (shield) in order to (1) prevent the electronic devices inside the shield from radiating emissions efficiently and/or (2) prevent
More informationChapter 18 The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Light
Chapter 18 Sections 18.1 Electromagnetic Waves 18.2 The 18.3 Behavior of Light 18.4 Color 18.5 Sources of Light Chapter 18 The and Light Section 18.1 Electromagnetic Waves To review: mechanical waves require
More information3C5 Telecommunications. what do radios look like? mobile phones. Linda Doyle CTVR The Telecommunications Research Centre
3C5 Telecommunications what do radios look like? Linda Doyle CTVR The Telecommunications Research Centre ledoyle@tcd.ie Oriel/Dunlop House 2009 mobile phones talk is cheap.. bluetooth 3G WLAN/802.11 GSM
More informationPeriod 3 Solutions: Electromagnetic Waves Radiant Energy II
Period 3 Solutions: Electromagnetic Waves Radiant Energy II 3.1 Applications of the Quantum Model of Radiant Energy 1) Photon Absorption and Emission 12/29/04 The diagrams below illustrate an atomic nucleus
More informationChapter 21. Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 21 Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves AC Circuit An AC circuit consists of a combination of circuit elements and an AC generator or source The output of an AC generator is sinusoidal
More informationRadio Communication. Presentation created by: András Balogh
Radio Communication Presentation created by: András Balogh AM and FM The goal is to transmit a modulating signal S(t) via a wave sin(ωt). In case of AM, the product of the modulation is f(t)=(a+s(t))*sin(ωt);
More informationElements of Communication System Channel Fig: 1: Block Diagram of Communication System Terminology in Communication System
Content:- Fundamentals of Communication Engineering : Elements of a Communication System, Need of modulation, electromagnetic spectrum and typical applications, Unit V (Communication terminologies in communication
More informationUnit 6 Electromagnetic Radiation:
Unit 6 Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic Radiation is a wave. Electromagnetic Radiation is not a mechanical wave. Does not need a medium. Can travel through empty space Examples of Electromagnetic
More informationKULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING
KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION LABORATORY (ECE 4103) EXPERIMENT NO 3 RADIATION PATTERN AND GAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISH (PARABOLIC)
More informationPhysics 1C. Lecture 24A. Finish Chapter 27: X-ray diffraction Start Chapter 24: EM waves. Average Quiz score = 6.8 out of 10.
Physics 1C Lecture 24A Finish Chapter 27: X-ray diffraction Start Chapter 24: EM waves Average Quiz score = 6.8 out of 10 This is a B- Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals! X-rays are electromagnetic radiation
More informationDesign And Development Of Magnetron Power Source From Three Phase Supply Madhukesh Heggannavar, 2 Prakash Mugali and 3 Shashidhar M.
Design And Development Of Magnetron Power Source From Three Supply Madhukesh Heggannavar, 2 Prakash Mugali and 3 Shashidhar M. Patil 1 Student, BEC Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. 2 Managing Director, Enerzi
More informationChapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals Block Diagram of a communication system Noise n(t) m(t) Information (base-band signal) Signal Processing Carrier Circuits s(t) Transmission Medium r(t) Signal
More informationMAGNETO-DIELECTRIC COMPOSITES WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE LAYERS
MAGNETO-DIELECTRIC COMPOSITES WITH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACE LAYERS M. Hawley 1, S. Farhat 1, B. Shanker 2, L. Kempel 2 1 Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University;
More information1 Introduction 1.1 RADIO: WHAT AND WHY...
1 Introduction 1.1 RADIO: WHAT AND WHY... Radio is the use of unguided propagating electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 3 khz and 300 GHz to convey information. Propagating electromagnetic fields
More informationHAZARDS OF NON-IONIZING RADIOFREQUENCY (RF) RADIATION
HAZARDS OF NON-IONIZING RADIOFREQUENCY (RF) RADIATION IS IT SAFE TO USE A CELL PHONE, BLUE TOOTH, AND WIFI HOTSPOTS??? Learning Objectives Non-Ionizing RF Radiation vs. Ionizing Radiation Biological effects
More informationPhysics: Waves, Sound/Light, Electromagnetic Waves, Magnetism, Mains Electricity and the National Grid
6.7 Describe the method to measure the speed of sound in air and the speed of ripples on the water surface 7.5 Link the properties of EM waves to their practical application (triple 7.6 Apply knowledge
More informationNon-ionizing radiation (RF radiation)
Applications of the Electromagnetic Spectrum The table is based on the ITU frequency band subdivisions in the field of radio communication (RF), and has been extended to include the whole electromagnetic
More informationHam Radio Training. Level 1 Technician Level. Presented by Richard Bosch KJ4WBB
Ham Radio Training Level 1 Technician Level Presented by Richard Bosch KJ4WBB In this chapter, you ll learn about: What is a radio signal The characteristics of radio signals How modulation adds information
More informationGraph 1: This spectrum analysis graph reflects conditions in a home office in San Diego. Cellular Phones. Frequency
KNOW YOUR EMF S RF AND MICROWAVE RADIATION Peter Sierck, CIEC, CMC, CMRS, REA, BBEI President of ET&T 5431 Avenida Encinas, Suite F Carlsbad, CA 92008 Tel: 760-804-9400 PSierck@ETandT.com 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationGet Discount Coupons for your Coaching institute and FREE Study Material at COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1. BASICS OF COMMUNICATION 2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION Get Discount Coupons for your Coaching institute and FREE Study Material at www.pickmycoaching.com 1 BASICS OF COMMUNICATION 1.
More informationElectromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum Wave - Review Waves are oscillations that transport energy. 2 Types of waves: Mechanical waves that require a medium to travel through (sound, water, earthquakes) Electromagnetic
More informationIntermediate Physics PHYS102
Intermediate Physics PHYS102 Dr Richard H. Cyburt Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) 384-6006 My email: rcyburt@concord.edu My webpage: www.concord.edu/rcyburt
More informationTechnician License. Course
Technician License Course Technician License Course Chapter 4 Lesson Plan Module - 10 Practical Antennas The Dipole Most basic antenna The Dipole Most basic antenna The Dipole Total length is ½ wavelength
More informationIntroduction to Radio Astronomy
Introduction to Radio Astronomy The Visible Sky, Sagittarius Region 2 The Radio Sky 3 4 Optical and Radio can be done from the ground! 5 Outline The Discovery of Radio Waves Maxwell, Hertz and Marconi
More information4.6 Waves Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationTest Equipment. PHYS 401 Physics of Ham Radio
Test Equipment Voltmeter - an instrument that is used to measure voltage. It is used in parallel with a circuit to be measured. a series resistor extends the range of the meter. Ammeter - an instrument
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES MARKS WEIGHTAGE 3 marks
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES MARKS WEIGHTAGE 3 marks QUICK REVISION (Important Concepts & Formulas) Electromagnetic radiation is the radiation in which associated electric and magnetic field oscillations are
More informationWaves, Wavelength, Frequency and. Bands. Al Penney VO1NO
Waves, Wavelength, Frequency and Bands Objective On completion, you should be able to: Define Frequency, Wavelength, Band; Perform simple calculations involving frequency and wavelength; and Be familiar
More informationPROPAGATION MODELING 4C4
PROPAGATION MODELING ledoyle@tcd.ie 4C4 http://ledoyle.wordpress.com/temp/ Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics Extremely low ELF < 300 Hz Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 khz Ground wave
More informationAd hoc and Sensor Networks Chapter 4: Physical layer. Holger Karl
Ad hoc and Sensor Networks Chapter 4: Physical layer Holger Karl Goals of this chapter Get an understanding of the peculiarities of wireless communication Wireless channel as abstraction of these properties
More informationRadio Frequency Heating and Post- Baking
STRAYFIELD ELY ROAD THEALE BERKSHIRE ENGLAND RG7 4BQ Tel: +44 (0) 870 428 1086 Internet: www.strayfield.co.uk Fax: +44 (0) 870 428 1087 E-mail: info@strayfield.co.uk The Article below was published in
More informationBroad Principles of Propagation 4C4
Broad Principles of Propagation ledoyle@tcd.ie 4C4 Starting at the start All wireless systems use spectrum, radiowaves, electromagnetic waves to function It is the fundamental and basic ingredient of
More informationSection Electromagnetic Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Section 17.6 Electromagnetic Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Waves Can you name all the colors of the rainbow? Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet Electromagnetic Waves
More informationContents. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications. Transmission Media and Spectrum.
2 ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications
ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationComparative Use of Unlicensed Spectrum. Training materials for wireless trainers
Comparative Use of Unlicensed Spectrum Training materials for wireless trainers Goals to see the issues related with the use of a shared medium, like the unlicensed radio spectrum (specifically the 2.4
More informationDIN. A wave is traveling at 5,000 m/s. It has a wavelength of 10 centimeters. What is the wave s frequency? What is the period of the wave?
3. Wave Speed (v=fλ) and Wave period (T=1/f) problems. DIN 1. EOC Review Problem: Two carts are moving on a horizontal frictionless surface. A 8 kilogram cart is moving to the right at 6 m/s. A second
More informationUses of Electromagnetic Waves
Uses of Electromagnetic Waves 1 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Uses of Electromagnetic Waves 2 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are radio waves? 3 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The broadcast of every radio and television
More informationLecture Outlines Chapter 25. Physics, 3 rd Edition James S. Walker
Lecture Outlines Chapter 25 Physics, 3 rd Edition James S. Walker 2007 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in
More informationTerm Info Picture. A wave that has both electric and magnetic fields. They travel through empty space (a vacuum).
Waves S8P4. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to support the claim that electromagnetic (light) waves behave differently than mechanical (sound) waves. A. Ask questions to develop explanations
More information3D and Aerosol Printed Conductor Dielectric Full- 3D RF Metamaterials
3D and Aerosol Printed Conductor Dielectric Full- 3D RF Metamaterials June 22, 2017 Jimmy Hester, Evan Nguyen, Jesse Tice, and Vesna Radisic Approved for Public Release: NG17-1180, 6/2/17 Outline Introduction
More informationAnalysis of Crack Detection in Metallic and Non-metallic Surfaces Using FDTD Method
ECNDT 26 - We.4.3.2 Analysis of Crack Detection in Metallic and Non-metallic Surfaces Using FDTD Method Faezeh Sh.A.GHASEMI 1,2, M. S. ABRISHAMIAN 1, A. MOVAFEGHI 2 1 K. N. Toosi University of Technology,
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 10. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 10 Types of Instrumentation Single beam Double beam in space Double beam in time Multichannel Speciality Types of Instrumentation Single beam Requires stable
More informationAGRON / E E / MTEOR 518: Microwave Remote Sensing
AGRON / E E / MTEOR 518: Microwave Remote Sensing Dr. Brian K. Hornbuckle, Associate Professor Departments of Agronomy, ECpE, and GeAT bkh@iastate.edu What is remote sensing? Remote sensing: the acquisition
More informationWave & Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes
Wave & Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes December 17, 2011 I.) Properties of Waves A) Wave: A periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium ( Waves carry energy
More informationSubminiature Multi-stage Band-Pass Filter Based on LTCC Technology Research
International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 2, March 2016 Subminiature Multi-stage Band-Pass Filter Based on LTCC Technology Research Bowen Li and Yongsheng Dai Abstract
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC 0 Hz 300 GHz
ELECTROMAGNETIC 0 Hz 300 GHz Field characterization & occupational exposure sources Laura FILOSA 1. Organization of the NIR Module 2. European frame introduction 3. Electromagnetic field characterization
More information