Reflections on Directions. President and Director, ImageSensors, Inc.
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1 25 th Anniversary of the IISW Reflections on Directions Eric R. Fossum President and Director, ImageSensors, Inc. A California Non Profit Public Benefit Corp International Image Sensor Workshop, June , Hokkaido, Japan ER Fossum 6/2011
2 Perspective We lik d f h h ld f i We are like dwarfs on the shoulders of giants, so that we can see more than they, and things at a greater distance, not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on our part, or any physical distinction, but because we are carried high and raised up by their giant size.. Bernard of Chartres, c AD
3 Early Giants in Solid State ld Image Sensors Gene Weckler Peter Noble Mike Tompsett Willard Boyle George Smith Carlos Sequin Gil Amelio LJM Esser Rudy Dyck Dennis Buss Walter Kosonocky Jim Carnes Marvin White Ken Hoagland Jerome Tiemann Savvas Chamberlain And others My apologies to those accidentally omitted
4 CCD Meetings Prior to CCD Applications Conference San Diego, CA USA 1974 Technology and Applications of CCDs Edinburgh, Scotland 1975 International Conference on the Application of CCDs San Diego, CA USA rd International Conference on Technology and Applications of CCDs Edinburgh, Scotland 1976 Conference on CCD Technology and Applications Washington, DC, USA 1978 International Conference on the Application of CCDs San Diego, CA 1979 Technology and Applications of CCDs Edinburgh, Scotland
5 1986 Workshop on CCDs Columbia University s Arden House Harriman, New York With help from these guys 70 participants 17 invited papers McGrath White
6 Clips from 1986 Program
7 Clips from 1986 Papers Bruce Burkey, Kodak Dan McGrath, Texas Instruments Morley Blouke, Tektronix
8 Organizer and Chairs Prof. Eric R. Fossum, Columbia University Prof. Walter Kosonocky, NJIT 1990 Meeting
9 1993 Meeting Univ. Waterloo General Chair: Prof. Savvas Chamberlain Technical Program Chair: Prof. Eric R. Fossum Local Arrangements Chair: Prof. Arokia Nathan
10 April 1995 Meeting Dana Point
11 1997 Bruges Belgium
12 1997 Bruges Belgium
13 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA
14 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA 2003 Schloss Elmau, Germany
15 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA 2003 Schloss Elmau, Germany 2005 Karuizawa, Japan
16 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA 2003 Schloss Elmau, Germany 2005 Karuizawa, Japan 2007 Ogunquit, Maine USA
17 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA 2003 Schloss Elmau, Germany 2005 Karuizawa, Japan 2007 Ogunquit, Maine USA 2009 Bergen, Norway
18 We head around the globe! 1999Karuizawa Karuizawa, Japan 2001 Lake Tahoe, Nevada USA 2003 Schloss Elmau, Germany 2005 Karuizawa, Japan 2007 Ogunquit, Maine USA 2009 Bergen, Norway 2011 Hokkaido, Japan
19 New Directions 1970 Charge coupled device 1993 CMOS active pixel image sensor What comes next? Black silicon Quantum Film stacked structure Organic stacked structures Plenoptic like sensors RGBZ
20 New Directions 1970 Charge coupled device 1993 CMOS active pixel image sensor 2016 Digital ii Integration Sensor (DIS)
21 Digital Integration Sensor More than evolutionary, less than revolutionary Enabled by high speed on chip ADC and digital readout. Every imagerequires multiple subframes (e.g. 8) added in external digital memory. Full well capacity and ADC resolution requirements reduced but DR and SNR maintained. WDR easy to implement Subframes can be shifted for motion correction.
22 New Directions 1970 Charge coupled device 1993 CMOS active pixel image sensor 2016 Digital ii Integration Sensor (DIS) 2021 Quanta Image Sensor (QIS)
23 From 1995 IEEE Workshop on CCDs and AIS System Cost/Per rformanc ce CCDs APS ?
24 Quanta Image Sensor What will we do if we can t absorb light in What will we do if we can t absorb light in 3 um of silicon and dynamically store charge with low dark current? Advancement of digital logic will probably continue at Moore s Law rate. Everybody loves digital and firmware programming. Best to go digital ASAP and let the programmers create the image!
25 Current paradigm: Time for a Paradigm Shift? We collect photons for a predetermined amount of time in a silicon rainbucket determined by physical size and capacity of silicon pixel. New paradigm: Let s count each photogenerated carrier and record time and location, creating binary bit planes for each time slice, and then digitally form image by digital convolution over X,Y, t.
26 QIS Planar Architecture QUANTA IMAGE SENSOR (QIS) ROW DRIV VERS JOT ARRAY READ POINTER RESET POINTER BIT PLANE DATA APERTURE COLUMN SENSE AMPLIFIERS ON CHIP PROCESSOR PROGRAM TIM MING AND CO NTROL ACCUMULATING LOGIC+MEMORY KERNEL PROCESSOR n x n AGGREGATION OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER OFF CHIP MEMORY + IMAGE FORMATION PROCESSOR TEMPORAL AGGREGATION
27 QIS: Is the CMOS APS a future dinosaur? (of course!)
28 25 Years and Going Strong! Thanks to so many people that made the meetings from 1986 work so well! Marvin White, Walter Kosonocky, Savvas Chamberlain, and especially my co directors of ImageSensors Inc, Nobukazu Teranishi and Albert Theuwissen. The chairs, co chairs, program committee chairs, and local arrangement chairs over the years. These are Arokia Nathan ( 91, 93), Junichi Nk Nakamura ( 95, 99, 05, 11), 11) Jan Bosiers ( 97), Jerry Hynecek ( 01), Sayed Eid ( 01), Edwin Roks ( 03), Bedabrata Pain ( 07), Alex Krymski ( 07), Johannes Solhusvik ( 09) and ShojiKawahito ( 11) 11). And of course I thank our image sensor community for strong support and participation!
29 CMOS APS Technology allows camera size reduction Nixon circa 1994
30 CMOS APS Technology allows camera size reduction Tompsett 1974 Nixoncirca1994
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