Photographers in History. Kent Messamore 9/8/2013

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1 Photographers in History Kent Messamore 9/8/2013

2 Camera Obscura Latin for Dark Room As early as 330 BC it was known that a small hole in a darkened room wall would project an upside down image from the outside on to the further wall. Camera Obscura Clip from TheGenius of Photography Early cameras were portable implementations of this concept. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 2

3 Joseph Nicephore Niepce Niepce Clip from Captured Light: The Invention First known photograph Heliograph Required an 8 hour exposure JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 3

4 W. Henry Talbot Talbot Clip from Captured Light: The Invention Talbot invented in 1834, a photographic process that produced a Negative from which many prints could be made Very patient coachman as exposure took three minutes JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 4

5 Louis Daguerre Daguerre Clip from Captured Light: The Invention Inventor of Daguerreotype in Shorter exposures but still several minutes long Street is deserted as people were moving too fast Inadvertently takes first photo of a person Rue du Temple JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 5

6 Photo Technology in 1800 s Daguerreotype ( ) A copper plate with a thin coating of silver sensitized to light with silver halide. Image fixed with mercury vapors. Image is extremely fragile and must be sealed under glass. Very typically the image was placed into a protective case and served as a family keepsake. Daguerreotypes are collected today and images in good condition sell well at auctions. Ambrotype ( ) A glass plate is coated with collodion and sipped in silver nitrate forming a wet plate. It was exposed while still wet. It was developed with ferrous sulfate and fixed with potassium cyanide. The resulting negative was made a positive by coating the back of the glass with black varnish. Tintype ( ) Also know as a Ferrotype as it used no tin. It is made by creating a direct positive on a sheet of metal blackened by painting, making a support for a collodion emulsion (the wet plate process. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 6

7 Oscar Gustave Rejlander The Two Ways of Life. Print is 30 by Composite of as many as thirty (30) photographs JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 7

8 Dr. Peter Henry Emerson Natural Photography Don t Dress people up Known for his Landscapes Gathering water Lilies JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 8

9 Henry Peach Robinson Fading Away 1858 a composite of 5 different negatives When the Day s Work is Done Considered Photography as Art Many of photographs were composites Introduced Vignettes into his photographs Introduced Chiaroscuro to Photography (effect of using gradations of light and shadow to create the illusion of three dimensions in a drawing - often called shading) JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 9

10 Julia Cameron Julia Cameron Clip from Modern Marvels Although she took famous photos of men (e.g. Longfellow), she was known for her photographs of women. Her photos were also known for dreamy images as she often used subdued lighting and dark backgrounds to create a dreamy setting. Sometimes she left the lens of her camera purposely out of focus so as to add to this dreaminess. The Rosebud Garden of Girls JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 10

11 Mathew Brady Brady opened photo studio in Washington DC and took many portraits of famous people. He organized group of photographers to take photos of Civil War battlefields. Many of these photos were credited to his name even though he didn t take the photos. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 11

12 William Henry Jackson Crystal Falls Yellowstone 1871 Castle Geyser and Crested Pool Yellowstone Jackson s photos convinced Congress to make Yellowstone a National Park JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 12

13 Francis Bedford Stereoscope photo JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 13

14 Eadweard Muybridge Muybridge Clip from The Genius of Photography The Horse in Motion Precursor to the development of motion pictures In 1872 a race-horse owner (Leland Standford) hired Muybridge to prove that all four horse s hooves left the ground at same time during a gallop In 1878 Muybridge took this image using twelve stereoscopic cameras, 21 inches apart, taken at 1/1000 second, using tripwires attached to each camera shutter triggered by the horse s hooves. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 14

15 Frances Benjamin Johnston Mark Twain President William McKinley The Liberated Woman Johnston Self Portrait Early American female Photographer JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 15

16 George Eastman Eastman Clip from The Genius of Photography Eastman1 Clip from The Wizard of Photography First Kodak Camera Invented Roll Film 1888 Introduced Kodak Camera designed to use Roll Film 1892 established Eastman Kodak Company, first firm to mass-produce photography equipment 1900 Introduced Brownie Camera for $1 JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 16

17 Alfred Stieglitz Steiglitz Clip from The Genius of Photography Photography is an art, separate from all other arts First published magazine Camera Works in 1903, which soon was revered as the finest photographic magazine in the world He established in 1905 a Photograph and Art gallery in New York City at 291 Fifth Avenue where he introduced Modern Art (Monet, Matisse, Cezanne, Rodin, Picasso) to America and new American Photographers (Paul Strand, Edward Steichen, Ansel Adams and Georgia O Keeffe). The Steerage JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 17

18 Edward Steichen Edward Steichen Clip from Masters of Photography Greta Garbo 1928 Gloria Swanson The Pond in Moonlight Finest Photographer in the world in the 1920 s & 30 s JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 18

19 Paul Strand Paul Strand Clip from American Photography Considered Photography as an art form. His photo compositions incorporated geometric light and shadow designs together with his interest in street photography From the El JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 19

20 Edward Weston Dunes, Oceano Charis Wilson Pepper Shape & Form Shot by trial and error. He would photograph then develop and reshoot to achieve what he was looking for. Ansel Adams took this to the next level. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 20

21 Eric Soloman Father of Candid camera One of the very few photos of the United states Supreme Court in session JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 21

22 Lewis Hine Lewis Hine Clip from American Photography Girl in a Cotton Mill Empire State Building His photographs single handedly changed the world. You should thank him!!!!! JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 22

23 Dorothea Lange Shack Migrant Mother Lange is known for her images of destitute share croppers from the South, and the dust bowl migrants from Oklahoma to California JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 23

24 Henri Cartier-Bresson Cartier-Bresson Clip from The Genius of Photography Master of Photojournalism Although these look like snapshots, the composition is incredible!!! JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 24

25 Ansel Adams Ansel Adams Clip from American Experience Undisputed Master of Landscape Photography Ansel revolutionized fine b&w photography by standardizing the process in a repeatable fashion for himself and to teach others. His Zone System is still studied and practiced today. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 25

26 Margaret Bourke-White Margaret Bourke-White Clip from The Genius of Photography Gandhi Dust Bowl Cover of First Issue of Life Magazine, Fort Peck Damn: Buchenwald Leading Woman Photojournalist Louisville Flood Fortune Magazine Staff Cover of 1 st issue Life Magazine Life Magazine Staff Photographer for 21 years First Woman to fly on a U.S. Combat mission Press contingent that photographed horrors of Buchenwald Covered War in Korea JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 26

27 Yousuf Karsh Eisenhower Kennedy Kelley Crawford Winston Churchill 1941 Probably most reproduced Portrait in History Einstein Ali Hepburn Gable Castro Undisputed Master of Portrait Photography JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 27

28 Helmut Newton Self-Portrait JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 28

29 Robert Capa Robert Capa Clip from The Genius of Photography D-Day Death of a Soldier Photojournalist who covered five different wars: Spanish Civil War Second Sino-Japanese War World War II 1948 Arab-Israeli War First Indochina War JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 29

30 Joe Rosenthal Primarily known for his photographs as a war correspondent in the Pacific, and for particularly one photo on Iwo Jima, Rosenthal had a broader career in photography as shown by a photo of the construction of the GE building in New York City. One of the most Iconic images of American combat when after the battle for Mount Suribachi, six Marines raised an American Flag Won Pulitzer Prize Lunch atop a Skyscraper 1932 JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 30

31 Alfred Eisenstaedt On August 14, 1945, the day World War II came to and end, kissing was the activity of the day. Eisenstaedt spied a sailor smooching his way through Times Square. He followed until he found this photo Drum Major Marilyn Monroe JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 31

32 Richard Avadon Snake - Nastassja Kinski The celebrity Photographer of the age Kennedy Marilyn Monroe JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 32

33 Arthur Fellig (Weegee) Arthur Fellig Clip from The Genius of Photography Known for stark black & white photos of crime scenes, fires, and car wrecks, taken with his 4x5 Speed Graphic camera. With portable police band radio and a complete darkroom in his car s trunk, he was often first to the scene, and first to submit images to newspapers. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 33

34 William Klein William Klein Clip from The Genius of Photography Candy Store Street Photography at it s best JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 34

35 Diane Arbus Diane Arbus Clip from The Genius of Photography Transvestite Identical Twins Child with a Grenade Disturbing Photography. Diane Arbus extended the range of acceptable Photography Young Man in Curlers Teenager with Bat JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 35

36 Eddie Adams Photograph of General Nguyen Loan executing a Viet Cong prisoner 1968 This image won the Pulitzer Prize in 1969 JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 36

37 Robert Mapplethorpe Photographing the unexpected JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 37

38 Annie Leibovitz John Lennon/Yoko Ono Demi Moore Mikhail Baryshnikov/Rob Besserer Amazing Photography Vanity Magazine spread, imitating film noirs that included 40 major Hollywood actors and actresses. It is fun going through the spread trying to figure out which actor is playing which role. JKM 9/8/2013 Enhanced Images 38