The Influence of Modern Art

Transcription

1 Chapter 13: The Influence of Modern Art Part II

2 Surrealism Surrealism had roots in Dada and poetry and came on the Paris art scene around Andre Breton, poet and founder of Surrealism found its artistic counterpart in the paintings of Giorgio de Chirico. What is Surrealism s relationship to Freudian free-association and the unconscious world? Giorgio de Chirico, The Philosopher's Conquest, late 1913

3 Surrealism, 1924 Originally a literary movement, it explored dreams, the unconscious, the element of chance and multiple levels of reality. more than real better than real

4 WHY Surrealism in 1924? What was happening in the world around this time? World War I ( ) Sigmund Freud

5 Physically and psychologically, WWI destroyed Western civilization Countries Involved: Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Canada France Germany Great Britain Greece India Iraq Italy Japan Montenegro New Zealand Poland Portugal Rhodesia Romania Russia Serbia South Africa Turkey United States

6 The logic, science and technology that many thought would bring a better world had gone horribly wrong. Instead of a better world, the advancements of the 19th century had produced such high tech weapons as machine guns, long-range artillery, tanks, submarines, fighter planes and mustard gas. (source: Janson)

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8 Andre Breton André Breton was an original member of the Dada group who went on to start and lead the Surrealist movement in Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of the dream

9 Surreal Odd Illogical Irrational Exciting Disturbing

10 Characteristics of Surrealism Reaction to chaos of WWI Influence of Freud: Dreams and subconscious Impossible scale Reversal of natural laws Double images Juxtaposition

11 Where? France, Germany, Catalunya, Belgium Artists Max Ernst Salvador Dali Joan Miro Man Ray Rene Magritte

12 Surrealism Photomechanical printing techniques obliterate cut edges, unifying the image. Max Ernst, collage from Une semaine de bonté (A Week of Kindness), 1934.

13 René Magritte, illustration for Les Chants de Maldoror, c Surrealism The surrealists defied our rational understanding of the world, and their vocabulary of pictorial and symbolic innovations began to seep into the mass media.

14 Surrealism Salvador Dali, Don Quixote etching from Five Spanish Immortals, 1965.

15 Surrealism What do you feel about Surrealism s overall impact on graphic design?

16 Man Ray

17 Schiaparelli s work was created in 1938

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19 Expressionism Expressionism came out of Germany pre-wwi as a way to not to depict objective reality but subjective emotions and personal response to subjects and events. What three design elements were central to Expressionism and how were they used?

20 Expressionism Wassily Kandinsky What were the two early Expressionist groups? What were their philosophies? Kandinsky defined an improvisation as a spontaneous expression of inner character having spiritual nature. Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation No. 29, 1912.

21 Figure 13-48

22 Figure 13-49

23 Expressionism Where did Paul Klee find inspiration for this work? Paul Klee, Fish Magic, 1925.

24 Francis Bruguière, Light Abstraction, undated. Photography and the Modern Movement The artist concerns about line, plane, shape, texture and the relationship between these elements became a concern to photographers as well. What do you think about the subject of this piece?

25 Photography and the Modern Movement In this surreal image, solarization is used not just as a visual technique but also as a mean to plumb the psychic experience. Man Ray, Sleeping Woman, 1929.

26 What were Man Ray s cameraless prints were called? In this rayograph, multiple exposures and a shifting light source transform the photographic record of the gun and stencil letters into a new order of visual form. Man Ray, Gun with Alphabet Squares, 1924.

27 Figure 13-53

28 Figure 13-55

29 Figure 13-57

30 Conclusion The images, methods, and philosophies from cubism, futurism, dada, surrealism and expressionism have continued to influence designers, artists, and illustrators to this day.