CHAPTER 31: EUROPE AND AMERICA,

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1 AP ART HISTORY Mrs. Dill, La Jolla High School CHAPTER 31: EUROPE AND AMERICA, Why is the 3rd quarter of the 19th century refered to as the Second Industrial Revolution? List three 19th- century phenomena that author believes contriubuted to the greater consciousness of modernity, the state of being modern. IMPRESSION List four characteristics of Impressionism. d. Name four painters who could be consider to be Impressionists. d. Monet systematically investigated the roles of light and color in representing atmosphere and coimage. List two devices he used to capture the vibrating quality of light: In what ways does Monet s Saint- LazareTrain Station (FIG. 31-4) reflect the new urban Paris? In subject matter? In style? What is meant by Haussmannization, and how does Caillebott s Paris: A Rainy Day (FIG. 31-5) reflect it?

2 What other art form did Pissaro use to help him achieve the casual compositions of many of his paintings of Paris? What stylistic features did Berthe Morisot share with other Impressionists? What types of subjects did Renoir prefer to paint? Define Japonisme. In what ways does Degas work show the influence of photography and of Japanese prints? What were Mary Cassatt's favorite subjects? Why did Whistler call his paintings "arrangements" and ''nocturnes"? POST- IMPRESSIONSIM List three influences seen in Toulouse- Lautrec's At the Moulin Rouge (FIG ) and describe the features that reflect each influence. Note the aspects of Impressionism that the following artists criticized and how those criticisms were reflected in their work: Vincent van Gogh Paul Gauguin

3 Georges Seurat Paul Cézanne What technique did Georges Seurat develop for applying color to canvas and what did he call it? For Van Gogh, the primary purpose of color in his paintings was to express emotion of an ardent temperament. How did Van Gogh apply paint to his canvas, and what type of effect did his application produce? How did Gauguin's use of color differ from Van Gogh's? What two roles does color play in Cézanne's paintings? SYMBOLISM By the end of the nineteenth century, what major change had occurred in the artist's vision of reality? What did the Symbolist artists consider to be their primary task? List three stylistic characteristics of the work of Gustave Moreau. According to Redon, his originality consisted in: The work of Henri Rousseau (FIG ) can be related to that of the Symbolists through his reliance on dream and fantasy, but his style differes from theirs in the following way: The major themes in the work of Edvard Munch were:

4 Describe the sensibility associated with the fin- de- siècle period: Briefly describe the style of Gustave Klimt: What features did his work share with the works of nineteenth- century Symbolist painters? SCULPTURE What style did Augustus Saint- Gaudens utilize for his monument to Mrs. Henry Adams (FIG )? What stylistic influences are most evident in the sculpture of Jean- Baptiste Carpeaux? What concern did Rodin share with the Impressionists? What did the commisioners of the Burghers of Calais (FIG ) find offensive in the work? ARCHITECTURE AND DECORATIVE ARTS In what country did the Arts and Crafts movement originate? What was the goal of the movement? What type of objects did its members produce? Name the Scottish artists who practice the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement: Write down two adjectives that describe the designs of husband and wife: The style that developed out of the ideals of the Arts and Crafts movement was given different names in different countries. Write down what it was called: in France, Belgium, Holland, England and the United States: in Germany: in Spain: in Italy:

5 What sort of forms were preferred by Art Nouveau artists? List four sources from which Art Nouveau artists drew inspiration: d. Name the craftsman whose lavish creations reflected the Art Nouveau style in America: When did Eiffel construct his tower in Paris (FIG. 31-1)? For what event? What event influenced the technique of encasing iron skeletal structure with masonry? What was the importance of the Marshall Field Warehouse (FIG )? Which features of Sullivan s Carson, Pirie, Scott building (FIG ) demonstrate his famous dictum form follows function? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: Choose one to write about. Compare the family portraits depicted by Tanner (FIG ), Sargent (FIG ), Kasebier (FIG ) and Morisot (FIG. 31-7). Discuss the impression each gives of the relationship between the family members and note the formal elements that the artist used to create that effect. Compare Cezanne's still life on FIG with Willem Kalf s on FIG Note differences in composition, the treatment of color, painting technique and distortion of form. Compare Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (FIG ) with Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette (FIG. 31-8) and Piero della Francesca s Flagellation of Christ (FIG ). What characteristics does Seurat s paintings share with each?

6 Discuss the influence of Japanese woodblock prints on late nineteenth century French painting. Select from Degas Ballet Rehearsal (FIG ), Degas The Tub (FIG ), Cassatt s The Bath (FIG ), Lautrec s At the Moulin Rouge (FIG ), and Lautrec s At the Moulin Rouge (FIG ), and Gauguin s The Vision After the Sermon (FIG ), and Klimt s The Kiss (FIG ). What stylistic features did each artist adopt?