VISUAL ART 1º ESO SHAPE AND FORM IN ART

Transcription

1 VISUAL ART 1º ESO UNIT 1.- UNIT 2.- UNIT 3.- UNIT 4.- VISUAL COMMUNICATION SHAPE AND FORM IN ART COLOUR TEXTURE

2 UNIT 1.- VISUAL COMMUNICATION 1.1. WHAT IS VISUAL COMMUNICATION? Visual communication is all around us. We do not have to visit an art gallery, read an art/design book to experience visual communication. We use visual communication to understand the world. Packaging, signs, logos, bills, receipts, leaflets, books, mobile phones, appliances, advertisements... are all examples of visual communication. A watch or clock is a classic example of visual communication that we have grown used to depend on every day ELEMENTS OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION Visual communication involves: o the sender: who sends out the message. o the receiver: who receives the message. o the message: the content transmitted o the code: the set of rules and procedures that connects the signified. o the channel: the channel through which the message is transmitted.

3 1.3. IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENT VISUAL LANCUAGES Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, colour or the medium to a surface. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, leaf, copper or concrete, and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, gold leaf as well as objects. Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a twodimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour, pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, various kinds of erasers, markers, styluses, and various metals (such as silverpoint). An artist who practices or works in drawing may be called a draftsman. Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface by cuttting grooves into it. Sculpture is the word used to describe an artwork which has three dimensions, height, width and depth. Most sculpture is free standing but can be in RELIEF where the form stands out from a flat background. Relief sculpture decorates the walls of many buildings. Sculpture is traditionally made by carving wood or stone, or by modelling clay and then casting the form in bronze. Henry Moore: "Rey y reina" ( ). Amberes, Bélgica. A marble relief sculpture shows the Greek gods Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis. east section of the frieze of the Parthenon and dates to BC

4 1.4. THE IMAGES FUNCTIONS Images are for: Informing: signs, maps, etc. Distinguishing and recognizing: coats of arms, flags, club of football, logos, insignia. Communicating and selling: advertising, publicity, etc. Learning and knowing: engravings, paintings, pictures, etc.

5 Entertaining and having fun: comic, movies, videogames, etc. Enjoying and expressing its beauty: artistic images, art work, etc. Black and Violet 1923 Vasili Kandinsky Cartel de enseñanzas artísticas superiores de Música, Arte Dramático y Diseño El nacimiento de Venus (La Nascita di Venere) Sandro Botticelli, 1484 Drawing Hands 1948 Lithograph M.C. Escher

6 UNIT 2.- SHAPE AND FORM IN ART 2.1. SHAPE AND FORM Shape and form share similar qualities, but: Shape is two-dimensional, having only height and width. Form is three-dimensional, possessing height and width plus depth. Shape and form can be geometric and very linear or organic, represented by irregular patterns and asymmetrical shapes like those found in nature SHAPE A shape is: An area defined by a boundary. An area created by colour, value or texture. An area created by surrounding shapes. Kinds of shapes Geometric shapes, such as circles, squares, triangles and rectangles, are based on mathematics and have straight edges and regular curves. Straight edges and angled lines create rectilinear shapes. Curves and rounded forms create curvilinear shapes. Natural, or organic, shapes are found in nature, for example rose flowers, tree branches or bamboo leaves. Abstract, or stylized, shapes are natural shapes that have been altered or simplified to reflect the essence, rather than the actual representation, of an object. Non-objective, or nonrepresentational, shapes are not derived from any specific element or elements; they represent nothing other than the pure shapes we see.

7 2.3. FORM Forms are 3-D (3-dimensional). Form is the basis for three-dimensional art such as sculpture, ceramics and pottery. They have: height width depth Examples of Forms: cylinder sphere cone 2.4. ELEMENTS Elements are like the ingredients in a recipe, the parts of a car or the notes in music. On their own, these elements may do little, but put together skilfully, they create a cake, a Corvette or a concerto. The elements of design include line, shape, colour, value and texture. Put together skilfully, they create effective visual communication.

8 LINE A line is: A mark that has length, but little width A large number of connected points A moving point A line can have different qualities it can be curved or straight, thin or thick, loose or precise, delicate or bold, expressive or controlled. These qualities create different feelings: a curved line feels natural and organic, while a straight line feels manmade and mechanical. A delicate line feels soft and feminine, while a bold line feels strong and masculine. Since a vertical line contains potential for activity, it creates a more energetic feeling than a horizontal line. A diagonal line conveys energy and movement. Diagonal lines are the most dynamic type of line.

9 UNIT 3.- COLOUR Colour is: A property of light Visible when light is emitted or reflected Determined by the wavelength of light Additive colour is created from emitted light, such from a video screen, a computer monitor or theatrical lights. The additive primary colours are red, green and blue and all other additive colours are derived from them. Combining all three additive primaries results in White. Subtractive colour is what we see when light reflects off a surface, such as ink on paper or paint on a wall. The subtractive primaries are red, yellow and blue; combined they form the subtractive secondaries orange (red and yellow), green (yellow and blue) and purple (blue and red). Combining all three subtractive primaries theoretically results in black.

10 3.2. PROPERTIES The three PROPERTIES of colour are hue, value and saturation. Hue refers to the pure state of a colour; it is the name we give a colour, such as red or blue. Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a colour. Adding white to a hue creates a lighter value (a tint); for example, adding white to red creates pink. Adding black to a hue creates a darker value (a shade); adding black to red creates maroon. Saturation refers to the how bright or dull a colour is. Highly saturated colours are close to the pure hue of a colour. Mixing pure colours with either grey will desaturate or mute the colours. Colours with very low saturation are considered neutrals (grey, beige, ivory, taupe) TEMPERATURE Temperature refers to how warm or cool a colour feels to us. The warm colours red, orange and yellow remind us of fire and sunlight; they create a sense of warmth in an image. The cool colours blue and green make us think of water and plants; they create a feeling of coolness in image. Warm colours tend to feel brighter and more energetic, while cool colours seem calmer and more relaxed HARMONIES COLOUR HARMONIES, are groups of colours that work well together.. A monochromatic colour scheme involves variations in value of a single hue. Monochromatic schemes are very well-unified, but lack variety.

11 An analogous colour scheme uses adjacent colours on the colour wheel, as well as their tints and shades. Analogous colour schemes are well-unified, but have more variety than monochromatic scheme. A complementary colour scheme uses colours that are opposite each other on the colour wheel (known as complements) COLOURS TRANSMIT MESSAGES It is important to know specific properties and characteristics of colour when you intend to transmit a message. We link colours to different objects and feelings. All period and cultures have given different symbols to colour. These values influence symbols, signs, commercials, films, etc. White: is sign of purity, cleanliness, absence, truth. We can use it to indicate that a product is brand new. Black: is associated with darkness, fear, emptiness. Because it is a colour that indicates respect or fear, we often use it for suits and uniforms. In fashion, it represents elegance. Yellow: is related to the sun, life, heat and gold. In the Middle Ages, people associated it with gold, the precious metal symbolising knowledge and proximity to God. Red: is linked to elements like love, the heart, blood, violence, danger. We often use it to communicate passion and happiness. Blue: associated with water; it suggests freshness, the sky, sadness, spirituality, immortality. Publicity uses it to indicate that a product is healthy or clean. Green; represents vegetation, nature, hope, ecology; this is why it is the colour used for glass recycling containers and rubbish bins.

12 UNIT 4: TEXTURE Texture is: The quality of a surface Roughness or smoothness The sensation of a tactile surface Kinds of textures: Tactile texture is texture we can actually feel by touching a surface. In visual design, actual texture is in the feel of the canvas or the surface of the paper. Actual texture can be created by the thickness of the paint or through collage. Visual texture can t actually be felt by touch. It is texture we see rather than feel, but we perceive it tactilely.

13 GLOSSARY