BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. POSITION TITLE: Professor and Senior Scientist, Moakley Scholar in Aging Eye Research EDUCATION/TRAINING. DEGREE (if applicable)

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1 OMB No and (Rev. 10/15 Approved Through 10/31/2018) BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH NAME: Peli, Eli era COMMONS USER NAME: POSITION TITLE: Professor and Senior Scientist, Moakley Scholar in Aging Eye Research EDUCATION/TRAINING INSTITUTION AND LOCATION DEGREE (if applicable) MM/YYYY FIELD OF STUDY Technion-Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa, Israel Technion-Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa, Israel New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA B.Sc. (cum laude) M.Sc. O.D Electrical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Optometry. A. Personal Statement For 33 years I have been leading vision rehabilitation research as related to reading, enhancing of images and videos, and mobility both on foot and in driving. I have been solidly funded for 31 years by NIH in pursuit of this work and have had additional support from DoD, NASA, Industry and private foundations. I have established a productive and effective lab which is unique in its concentration on developing and evaluation of low vision devices going all the way from concept to multicenter clinical trials. I have also made substantial contributions to basic vision science in the areas of psychophysics, eye movement control and binocular vision. I have done this through multiple collaborations with other academic investigators as well as with many partners in industry. Over the years, we have developed an effective system of subject recruitment that enables us to reach both patients with various conditions, and control subjects in numbers that are unique in our area. B. Position and Honors Positions and Employment Staff Associate, Assistant Scientist, Associate Scientist, Senior Scientist, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA Adjunct Professor, Dept of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston Director, Low Vision Services, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA Adjunct Professor, New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA Founder and President, Taper Vision, Inc., Manufacturing of fiberoptics reading magnifiers Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Moakley Scholar in Aging Eye Research, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA Co-Director of Research, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, MA Other Experience and Professional Memberships Chair, Applied Vision-Human Factors Sub-Committee for SID Conference Member, Aeronautics Research and Technology Sub-committee (ARTS) - NASA & 2003 Low vision and its Rehabilitation panel, Vision Research-A National Plan 1999 & 2004, NEI Various years Served as ad-hoc reviewer on NIH regular and special panels more than a dozen times, as well as other federal review panels, i.e., NSF, National Defense Science and Engineering, etc. Similar service for other national review organizations i.e., Canada, Israel and Europe

2 Various years Served on multiple Federal advisory committees advising the US Air Force, NASA, VA, NEI, US Navy, Army Research Labs, US Dept of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Some of these multiple times Member, Editorial Board, Topical Editor, Journal of Optometry and Vision Science Member editorial board, Translational Vision Science & Technology Journal Honors 2001 The Glenn A Fry Lecture Award, American Academy of Optometry 2001 Fellow, Optical Society of America 2003 Fellow, Society for Information Display (SID) 2003 Kok van Alphen (keynote) Lecture at the annual meeting of the Dutch Ophthalmologic Society The Bressler Award in Vision Science (Shared with R. Massof) 2006 Honorary Doctor of Science degree awarded by the State Univ. of New York (SUNY) 2006 Pisart Vision Award, Lighthouse International 2007 Fellow, The International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE) 2009 The Alcon Research Institute Award (Shared with R. Massof) 2009 Inaugural keynote speaker, joint research symposium of the British College of Optometrists, UK 2009 Keynote speaker at the Gjøvik Color Imaging Symposium, Gjøvik University, Gjøvik, Norway 2009 The Feinbloom Award, American Academy of Optometry 2010 The Helmholtz Lecture, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, Holland 2010 The Bobier Lecture, The School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada 2010 The Otto Schade Prize, Society for Information Display (SID) 2010 The Edwin H. Land Medal, Optical Society of America (OSA) 2015 The Bartimaeus Award, the Eye, the Brain, and the Auto, the Detroit Institute of Ophthalmology 2015 Distinguish Borish Scholar Award, Indiana University C. Contribution to Science 1. Vision multiplexing: An engineering concept I developed that describes visual processing of peripheral and central images simultaneously, designed to facilitate visual aids for the visually impaired. I have proposed the use of temporal, spatial, binocular and color multiplexing. This has led me (and others) to invent and evaluate a multitude of novel devices mostly used to enhance mobility. Examples include: a head-mounted camera and display system for patients with tunnel vision, novel prism devices for patients with tunnel vision, visual field expansion for patients with one eye only and with bitemporal hemianopia, and a highly successful peripheral prism device that expands the field of patients with hemianopia, as well as a cosmetically appealing telescope built into the spectacle lens that permits both the magnified and non-magnified views to be seen simultaneously for patients with AMD and other conditions that affect acuity. The peripheral prism device has proven its efficacy in multicenter clinical trials and multiple studies evaluating utility in walking and driving. It has been commercialized in the USA and Europe and is rapidly becoming the leading treatment option for patients with homonymous hemianopia around the globe. The concept of vision multiplexing has revolutionized the way we think about vision rehabilitation and is likely to have a long term impact on the invention, design, and evaluation of future visual aids. a) Peli, E. (2001). Vision multiplexing: An engineering approach to vision rehabilitation device development. Optometry and Vision Science, 78(5), b) Bowers, A., Keeney, K., & Peli, E. (2014). Randomized crossover clinical trial of real and sham peripheral prism glasses for hemianopia. JAMA Ophthalmology, 132(2), , PMCID: PMC c) Luo, G., Woods, R.L., & Peli, E. (2009). Collision judgment when using an augmented-vision headmounted display device. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 50(9), , PMCID: PMC d) Peli, E., & Vargas-Martin, F. (2008). In-the-spectacle-lens telescopic device. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 13(3), Article , PMCID: PMC Driving with low vision: Domestic and international vision standards for licensing are extremely variable due to lack of scientific evidence to support any data based decisions. Since the year 2000 I have led a large program of research into driving with impaired vision using driving simulators and on-road testing with special emphasis on the evaluation of driving with visual field loss. We have completed a series of studies on driving

3 with homonymous hemianopic field loss (complete and partial) and with central field loss (AMD) that are addressing the lack of data on the impact of these impairments on detecting pedestrians and other road users along the road and at intersections, and on the control of the vehicle. We have also completed two pilot studies (one on the road and one in a simulator) of the impact of visual field expansion devices (oblique peripheral prism) on driving performance, demonstrating improved performance. We started evaluating the impact of peripheral concentric field loss and have been evaluating the impact of visual acuity loss on driving related performance with and without bioptic telescopes. Our work has now been supplemented by numerous other groups including some of my past trainees and collaborators and it has already resulted in some changes in regulations domestically and around the world. Much more work is still needed to address the many open questions. a) Peli, E., & Peli, D. (2002). Driving with confidence: A practical guide to driving with low vision. Singapore, River Edge, London, Hong Kong: World Scientific Publishing. b) Bowers, A.R., Ananev, E., Mandel, A.J., Goldstein, R.B., & Peli, E. (2014). Driving with hemianopia: IV. Head scanning and detection at intersections in a simulator. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 55(3), , PMCID: PMC c) Bowers, A.R., Tant, M., & Peli, E. (2012). A pilot evaluation of on-road detection performance by drivers with hemianopia using oblique peripheral prisms. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2012, Article , 1-10, PMCID: PMC , DOI: /2012/ d) Bronstad, P.M., Bowers, A.R., Albu, A., Goldstein, R.B., & Peli, E. (2013). Driving with central visual field loss I: Impact of central scotomas on responses to hazards. JAMA Ophthalmology, 131(3), , PMCID: PMC Image enhancement: I was the first person to propose, implement, and evaluate digital image processing as a visual aid to improve the visibility of TV systems for patients with impaired vision. I have developed a number of enhancement techniques and numerous methods for evaluating preferences and performance changes with enhancement. A device for TV enhancement based on the adaptive enhancement algorithm I tested first has been marketed by Belkin Corp. In response to the transition to digital television I have invented, developed and tested a novel enhancement approach that takes advantage of the capabilities embedded in the compression (MPEG) process of digital broadcast systems. That basic approach is now followed by numerous other engineering projects taking advantage of the coding of digital video signals to provide various types of effective and efficient video analyses and processing well beyond image enhancement. To implement edge detection we used for one of our enhancement approaches and developed a novel approach for the automated selection of parameters. This statistics-based approach has also spread to numerous other engineering applications where parameter selection is necessary, well beyond edge detection. I also led the earliest implementations of head-mounted display devices as vision enhancement devices both for image enhancement and as the earliest examples of augmented vision in visual field expansion and night vision devices and their evaluations. A number of academic groups and commercial companies are now developing systems that implement these ideas or their derivatives. I have recently taken this expertise to the development of imaging systems for prosthetic vision devices. a) Peli, E., Goldstein, R.B., Young, G.M., Trempe, C.L., & Buzney, S.M. (1991). Image enhancement for the visually impaired: Simulations and experimental results. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 32(8), b) Tang, J., Kim, J., & Peli, E. (2004). Image enhancement in the JPEG domain for people with vision impairment. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51(11), c) Satgunam, P., Woods, R.L., Bronstad, P.M., & Peli, E. (2013). Factors affecting enhanced video quality preferences. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 22(12), , PMCID: PMC d) Peli, E., Kim, J., Yitzhaky, Y., Goldstein, R.B., & Woods, R.L. (2004). Wideband enhancement of television images for people with visual impairment. Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics, Image Science and Vision, 21(6), Metric for quantifying contrast in complex images: A landmark basic psychophysical and mathematical paper (Peli, 1990) has been recognized as a major contribution and has been widely adopted for numerous applications by engineers, vision scientists, and medical imaging professionals (over 950 citations based on Google Scholar). A version of this method was included in thousands of Kodak film and digital images processing machines and is used to adjust the contrast on millions of prints every day. This innovation has also been used by us to simulate normal and impaired vision to support our image enhancement developments and basic psychophysics work and by others in numerous other applications in a variety of medical and non-

4 medical applications. Our simulations are the only vision simulations of central and peripheral vision that have been tested and validated through rigorous psychophysical testing. We also applied these approaches to the testing of simulations of vision with multifocal IOLs. Work in this area has continued to date leading to better understanding of vision and perception of contrast in static and video images and by extension of real world views. We have studied the impact of luminance level, spatial frequency, phase, stimuli size, electronic magnification, and dichoptic presentation on contrast perception. This work has found value in basic vision science and in engineering applications, in particular, in the area of display quality measures and display and vision interaction, winning recognition and high awards from the Optical Society of America, the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, and the Society for Information Display. a) Peli, E. (1990). Contrast in complex images. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 7(10), b) Peli, E. (1995). Suprathreshold contrast perception across differences in mean luminance: Effects of stimulus size, dichoptic presentation, and length of adaptation. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 12(5), c) Peli, E. (2002). Feature detection algorithm based on a visual system model. Proceedings of the IEEE, 90(1), d) Haun, A.M., & Peli, E. (2013). Perceived contrast of complex images. Journal of Vision, 13(13), Article 3, 1-21, PMCID: PMC Image processing of retinal images: I was one of the first researchers to apply digital image processing for retinal image enhancement to improve visibility (especially through turbid optical media such as cataract and corneal opacities) to aid in disease detection and diagnosis. I also adapted it for measuring losses in the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma and measuring and tracking drusen changes in AMD. As a member of the team that developed the first Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (SLO) I contributed to the earliest applications of retinal psychophysics (microperimetry) to low vision evaluation, and the earliest image registration of retinal images, that have now been implemented in a number of commercial devices. I also developed optical techniques using circular polarizers to improve the visibility of the retina in retinal photography and of the corneal endothelium in specular microscopy with the slit lamp. a) Peli, E., Hedges, T.R., & Schwartz, B. (1986). Computerized enhancement of retinal nerve fiber layer. Acta Ophthalmologica, 64(2), b) Peli, E., & Lahav, M. (1986). Drusen measurements from fundus photographs using computerized image analysis. Ophthalmology, 93(12), , c) Peli, E., Augliere, R.A., & Timberlake, G.T. (1987). Feature-based registration of retinal images. Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, MI - 6, 3, d) Peli, E., & Schwartz, B. (1987). Enhancement of fundus photographs taken through cataracts. Ophthalmology, 94(S), Complete List of Published Work in my Bibliography: ing D. Research Support or Scholastic Performance Selected Ongoing Research Support W81XWH (Peli) 01/04/16-01/03/20 DOD Active Confocal Imaging System for Visual Prosthesis Recent advances in prosthetic vision for the blind including retinal implants, and other sensory substitution devices that use tactile, or electrical stimulation are encouraging. However, they all have low resolution, limited field of view, and can display only very few grey levels, severely restricting their utility. We will develop and evaluate a novel front end optical and video processing system to be used with any of these devices that will remove background clutter and therefore improve object recognition despite the prostheses limitation. Role: PI.

5 R01 EY24084 (Bronstad) 06/1/15-05/31/18 Strabismus Hemianopia We are proposing a program of research that will help us understand this important combination of visual impairments and to develop a treatment that will enable those with HH to enjoy the cosmetic, psychosocial, and functional benefits of strabismus surgery while maintaining their expanded visual field. Role: Co-Investigator R01 EY (Peli) 09/01/14 08/31/18 Measuring Functional Impact of Oncoming Headlight Glare for Cataract PatientsThe goal of the proposed research is to determine the functional impact and the behavioral responses to oncoming headlight glare, and how the presence of cataract in one or both eyes affects nighttime driving using a physically validated, novel, real-time headlight glare simulator that runs concurrently with a driving simulator. Role: PI Overlap: None R01 EY (Peli) 09/01/14 08/31/18 Visual Field Expansion Through Innovative Multiplexing Prism Design This project is to develop an innovative multiplexing prism lens (the Quadrafield lens) for patients with concentric peripheral field loss (tunnel vision), to conduct laboratory-based tests to determine the parameters for the prisms and prism placements within the lens, and then conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate device efficacy. Role: PI Completed Research Support R01-AG (Luo) 08/01/12-4/30/17 Bioptic driving by visually impaired This project addresses when and how bioptic telescopes are used, and safety of driving with bioptic telescopes. Using a novel in-car recording system and computerized analysis programs we have developed, we will record bioptic drivers' daily driving activities for 1 month and then automatically process the vast amount of data to select segments of interest for analysis. This naturalistic driving evaluation will be complemented by lab-based tests and driving simulator evaluations. Role: Co-Investigator R01 EY (Peli) 08/1/86 12/31/14 Model Based Image Enhancement for the Visually Impaired The long-term goal of this project is to design and evaluate practical image enhancement methods that would enable people with impaired vision, particularly those with central field loss due to age-related macular disease, to enjoy and benefit from the spread of video technology. Towards this goal, we are developing enhancement methods and investigating factors affecting patient performance with, and the appearance of, enhanced images. We believe that a basic understanding of contrast and image perception is essential for progress in this area, and that our clinical and basic research efforts usefully interact with each other in ways that benefit both.