Chapter 15. Land Descriptions and Drawings

Transcription

1 Chapter 15 Land Descriptions and Drawings

2 Objectives This chapter will explore: Legal descriptions Common types of land drawings including a vicinity map, site, demolition, topography, grading, landscaping, sprinkler, freshwater, sewer, utility, and paving plans Common drawing steps required to complete a site plan and site-related drawings

3 Legal Descriptions Each piece of land is outlined by a description of the property: legal description Given in several forms: Metes/bounds system, rectangular system, lot/block system Type of description used depends on: Contour of the area Requirements of the municipality

4 Metes and Bounds Metes and bounds: long description In terms of measurements of distance/angles of direction from a known starting point: true point of beginning Marked by a steel rod or benchmark established by USGS Metes: in feet, yards, rods, surveyor s chains Boundaries of property: described by bearings Angles referenced to a quadrant on a compass

5 Rectangular Systems Many areas of the country refer to land based on location by latitude/longitude Parallels of latitude/meridians of longitude used originally Large parcels of land later defined by what are known as basic reference lines 31 pairs of standard lines in continental U.S.; three in Alaska

6 Principal Meridians and Basic Reference Lines

7 Rectangular Systems (cont d.) Townships Six-mile square parcels of land Sections Land within townships One-mile square Specifying the legal description Lists the portion of the land to be developed described by its position within the section, the section, the township, and the principal meridian

8 Lot and Block System found within incorporated cities Most states require filing of subdivision map that defines individual lot size/shape Lot: defined on subdivision map by a length and angle of each property line and legal description On older subdivision maps, land divided into areas based on neighborhood: subdivisions Subdivision divided into blocks based on street layout Block further divided into lots

9 Site-Related Drawings Drawing for describing property: site plan Size of project/complexity of the site dictates: Drawings required Who will develop the drawings When they will be developed Site plan is started in conjunction with floor plan With the property boundaries drawn, preliminary design for the floor plan can be inserted into site plan

10 Site-Related Drawings (cont d.) Related drawings include: Demolition plan Topography plan Grading plan Landscape plan Irrigation plan Vicinity map

11 Common Site Plan Drawing Elements Site plan is the main drawing used to show how the structure will relate to the construction site Base for other drawings Uses common symbols and linetypes to represent key features

12 Common Linetypes Lines on site-related drawings and the AutoCAD linetype used to represent them: Property lines: PHANTOM2 or PHANTOMX2 Outlines of the building footprint: CONTINUOUS Centerlines of access roads or easements: CENTER, CENTER2, CENTERX2 Edges of easements and building setbacks: DASHED, DASHED2, DASHEDX2, HIDDEN, HIDDEN2, or HIDDENX2 Utility lines: dashed or hidden pattern

13 Representing the Structure Methods of representing structures: Polyline to define the perimeter Hatch pattern to further highlight the structure Many firms attach the floor into the site plan: XREF command Project consists of more than one structure: Identify them by building number or name

14 Hardscaping Information Continuous lines represent parking/paving components Many offices hatch concrete walkways with random pattern of dots To distinguish from asphalt paving areas Parking schedule specifies: number, type, size of each category of parking space Parking spaces specified as: full, compact, handicapped, van handicapped

15 Site Dimensions Land descriptions: sizes represented in feet/hundredths of a foot Building descriptions: sizes of structures often placed parallel to the side of the structure/ specified in feet/inches Usually placed without the use of dimension lines Site components: light poles, signs, catch basins, parking boundaries, and structure are located using dimension/extension lines

16 Annotation General annotation: guidelines in Chapter 3 Names of streets/description of the proposed structure: to be treated as titles Notation used to define proposed construction: A PROPOSED 3000 SQ. FT. TWO-STORY OFFICE COMPLEX General notes: Parking, signs, utilities, flatwork, miscellaneous Local note: clarify what each symbol represents

17 Elevation and Swale Methods of denoting elevation: Elevation of property corner: symbol similar to leader line Elevation of ground level: note FINISH FLOOR ELEVATION '. Minor change of elevation: swale indicator Swale: small valley to divert water away from a structure Change of contour: bank indicator Bank indicator: represented by a V placed between lines that indicate the top/toe of the bank

18 Referencing Ground Elevation

19 Site Plan Development Site plan: basis for many other drawings Important to understand what additional site drawings are required and who will complete them Common methods used to develop site plans: Storing all site-related drawings in one file Using external referencing Using separate drawing files for each drawing

20 Setting Site Plan Parameters Stock template drawings contain: Site-related linetypes, dimension/text variables, symbols Site plans often plotted at scale factor: 1" = 10' or 1" = 20' (1:240) Preferred metric scales for civil drawings: 1:100 (close to 1/8" = 1' 0") 1:200 (close to 1/16" = 1' 0") 1:500 (close to 1" = 40' 0") 1:1000 (close to 1" = 80' 0")

21 Common Site Plan Details Common areas requiring details on site plans: Lighting/sign supports, parking barriers, parking painting details, sidewalks, curbs, decorative walls The engineer/project coordinator generally notes for the drafter the details to be inserted into the site plan Drafter expected to compile/edit the details to match project requirements

22 Completing a Site Plan AutoCAD works with drawing geometry AutoCAD Civil 3D: model builder Information is stored that will automate: Development of the plan, profiles, data management for site-related projects If you are creating drawings using AutoCAD Civil 3D, the general steps will be the same Procedure will be much easier because of automation provided by the software

23 Completed Site Plan

24 Related Site Drawings Several related drawings could accompany a set of working drawings Most common: topography plan and grading plan Topography plans Show existing contour of the construction site Contour lines and symbols Grading plans Show the finished configuration Common land terms, angle of repose, representing contours, and grading plan details

25 Simple Grading Plan

26 Summary Legal description Each piece of land is outlined by a description of the property Site plan Most common drawing for describing property Software is used to create site drawings Type greatly affects how the drawing is created